环境温度对盐湖卤水化学组成及储卤层渗透性变化的制约
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摘要
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖浅部储卤层是一个多场耦合的动态平衡系统,受到水动力、气候、化学等多种因素控制。本文对昆特依盐湖浅部储卤层不同季节(夏季和冬季)卤水组成和储卤层渗透性特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:卤水中的主要离子含量从夏季到冬季发生了明显的变化,其中,K、Mg、Ca、Cl的含量都相应增加,增加幅度为:Cl、Mg、K、Ca;而SO_4~(2-)和Na的含量却均有下降,且SO_4~(2-)下降更显著;抽水试验计算结果发现,从夏季到冬季,钻孔ZK08渗透系数K由178m/d降至97m/d。本文研究表明,随着环境温度的降低,芒硝(Na_2SO_4)从卤水中结晶析出,是以上现象发生的主要原因,随着芒硝的析出,促进了含K、Mg、Ca等硫酸盐矿物(杂卤石)的溶解,使得卤水中K、Mg、Ca浓度增加;另一方面,析出的芒硝一定程度上堵塞了储卤层的孔隙,卤水的粘度也因温度降低而增加,这两个因素共同作用降低了储卤层渗透性。
The shallow brine aquifer in the western Qaidam Basin is a multi-coupled dynamic equilibrium system and controlled by hydrodynamic force,climate and chemical factors.The study carried out an analysis for compositions of brine and permeability of brine aquifer in the shallow brine aquifer in different seasons(summer and winter).The results show that the concentrations of major ions in brine vary obviously from summer to winter and the concentrations of K,Mg,Ca and Cl increase correspondingly,with an increasing order of Cl,Mg,K,Ca.While the concentrations of SO_4~(2-)and Na decrease,with SO_4~(2-)decreasing more obvious than Na.Calculation results of pumping test suggest that permeability coefficient K in drilling core ZK08 decreases from 178 m/d to 97 m/d from summer to winter.The reason for that is that precipitation of mirabilite(Na_2SO_4)with decreasing of environment temperature not only improves dissolution capacity of K,Mg and Ca in brine and increases concentrations of K, Mg and Ca,but also decreases the permeability of the aquifer.In addition,the viscosity of brine increases with temperature decreasing.Therefore,it can be concluded that two factors jointly result in decreasing of the aquifer permeability.
The shallow brine aquifer in the western Qaidam Basin is a multi-coupled dynamic equilibrium system and controlled by hydrodynamic force,climate and chemical factors.The study carried out an analysis for compositions of brine and permeability of brine aquifer in the shallow brine aquifer in different seasons(summer and winter).The results show that the concentrations of major ions in brine vary obviously from summer to winter and the concentrations of K,Mg,Ca and Cl increase correspondingly,with an increasing order of Cl,Mg,K,Ca.While the concentrations of SO_4~(2-)and Na decrease,with SO_4~(2-)decreasing more obvious than Na.Calculation results of pumping test suggest that permeability coefficient K in drilling core ZK08 decreases from 178 m/d to 97 m/d from summer to winter.The reason for that is that precipitation of mirabilite(Na_2SO_4)with decreasing of environment temperature not only improves dissolution capacity of K,Mg and Ca in brine and increases concentrations of K, Mg and Ca,but also decreases the permeability of the aquifer.In addition,the viscosity of brine increases with temperature decreasing.Therefore,it can be concluded that two factors jointly result in decreasing of the aquifer permeability.
引文
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Wang Jiuyi,Fang Xiaomin,Appel E,Song Chunhui.2012.Pliocene-Pleistocene Climate Change At the NE Tibetan Plateau Deduced From Lithofacies Variation In the Drill Core SG-1,Western Qaidam Basin,China.Journal of Sedimentary Research,82(12),933~952.
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Weisbrod N,Alon-Mordish C,Konen E,Yechieli Y.2012.Dynamic dissolution of halite rock during flow of diluted saline solutions.Geophysical Research Letters,39(9),L09404~L09410.
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Zhao Chongbin,Hobbs,Ord.2013.Effects of Medium Permeability Anisotropy on Chemical-Dissolution Front Instability in Fluid-Saturated Porous Media.Transport in Porous Media,99(1),119~143.
Zhang Xiying,Ma Haizhou,Gao Donglin,Wang Tao,Yang Haizhen,Zhang Minggang.2007.Dynamic changes of K,Li and B in hydrochemistry in brine of the mining area of Xitaijinair salt lake during the initial period of mining.Journal of Lake Sciences,19(6):727~734.(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Chaudhuri A,Rajaram H,Viswanathan H.2013.Early-stage hypogenekarstification in a mountain hydrologic system:Acoupled thermohydrochemical model incorporating buoyant convection.Water Resources Research,49(9):5880~5899.
Chen Juisheng,Liu Chenwuing.2002.Numerical simulation of the evolution of aquifer porosity and species concentrations during reactive transport.Computers&Geosciences,28(4):485~499.
Du Guangsheng.2014.Engineering fluid mechanics.2nd ed.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,11~13(in Chinese).
Han Fengqing,Huang Qi,Wang Kejun,Wang Huaan,YuanLi.1995.Study of geochemical evolution and palaeoclimatic fluctuation of Kunteyi salt lake in the Qaidam basin,Qinghai.OceanologiaetLimnologiaSinica,1995,26(5):502~508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiao Pengcheng,Liu Chenglin,Wang Mili,Chen Yongzhi,Wang Xinmin.2003.Characteristics and dynamic analysis of intercrystal brine movement in the Lop Nur salt lake.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,24(3):255~260(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kang An,Zhu Xiaomin,Han Dexin,Wang Yanbin,Kang Qiang.2003.Quaternary sporopollen assemblages and paleoclimatic fluctuation in Qaidam basin.Geological Bulletin of China,22(1):12~15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kang Qinjun,Zhang Dongxiao,Chen Shiyi.2008.Simulation of dissolution and precipitation in porous media.Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B10):10~1029.
Lewis A.Owen,Robert C.Finkel,Ma Haizhou,Patrick L.Barnard.2006.Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin,Northern Tibet:Aframework for examining the links between glaciation,lake level changes and alluvial fan formation.Quaternary International,154~155,73~86.
Li Baolan,Gao Donglin,Yuan Xiaolong,Zhang Yushu,Liu Zhu.2014.Storage characteristics of intercrystalline brines in Kunteyi salt lake.Journal of Salt Lake Research,22(2):26~32(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Minghui,Yi Chaolu,Fang Xiaoming,Gao Shaopeng,Zhang Weilin.2010.Evaporative minerals of the upper 400m sediments in a core from the Western Qaidam Basin,Tibet.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,28(6):1213~1228(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yading,Yang Cheng,Feng Shun,Li Zhen.2017.The method for studying shale pore size distribution by using nuclear magnetic resonance.Geological Review,63(supp.):119~120(in Chinese without English abstract).
Liu Chenglin,Wang Mili,Jiao Pengcheng,Chen Yongzhi,Li Shude.2002.Formation of pores and brine reserving mechanism of the aquifers in Quaternary potash deposits in Lop Nur Lake,Xinjiang,China.Geological Review,48(4):437~443(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Zhu,Gao Donglin,Li Binkai,Yuan Xiaolong,Zhang Yan,Li Baolan.2015.Sedimentary characteristics and origin of polyhalite of Kunty salt lake mine in Qaidam Basin.Journal of Salt Lake Research,23(1):30~37(in Chinese with English abstract).
Nie Qinglin,Gao Guangdong,Xuan Huashan,Nie Qiuyue,Nie Shizhan,Ye Qiang.2009.Methods of determining parameters of aconfined aquifer with pumping tests.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,36(4):37~40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Picknett R G,Bray L G,Stenner R D.1976.The chemistry of cave waters,in T.D.Ford&C.H.D.Culliingford(eds.).The Science of Speleology.pp 212~266.
Sandeep V R,Chaudhuri A,Kelkar S.2016.Permeability and flow field evolution due to dissolution of calcite in a 3-D porous rock under geothermal gradient and through-flow.Transport in Porous Media,112(1):1~14.
Shi Zhongping.2000.Determining aquifer parameters by using recovery data of steady pumping test in a single borehole.Journal of Xi’an engineering university,2000,22(2):71~74.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jiuyi,Fang Xiaomin,Appel E,Song Chunhui.2012.Pliocene-Pleistocene Climate Change At the NE Tibetan Plateau Deduced From Lithofacies Variation In the Drill Core SG-1,Western Qaidam Basin,China.Journal of Sedimentary Research,82(12),933~952.
Wang Mili,Li Changhua,Liu Chenglin.1991.Microscopic pores in the brine-bearing layers in Kunteyi potash deposit with reference to sem researches.Geology of Chemical Minerals,16(1):1~9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Wenxiang,Li Wenpeng,Liu Zhenying,Hao Aibing,Wang Shijun,Jiao Pengcheng.2010.A tentative discussion on in-situ experimental liquefaction and exploitaion of low grade solid potassium resources in Qarhan salt lake.Mineral Deposits,29(4),697~703(in Chinese with English abstract).
Weisbrod N,Alon-Mordish C,Konen E,Yechieli Y.2012.Dynamic dissolution of halite rock during flow of diluted saline solutions.Geophysical Research Letters,39(9),L09404~L09410.
Wei Xinjun,Jiang Jixue.1993.The evolution of the quaternary salt lake in the Qaidam Basin.ActaGeologicaSinica,67(3),255~265(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Yibo,Fang Xiaomin,Albert Galy,Erwin Appel,Li Minghui.2013.Quaternary paleolake nutrient evolution and climatic change in the western Qaidam Basin deduced from phosphorus geochemistry record of deep drilling core SG-1.Quaternary International,313~314,156~167.
Zhao Chongbin,Hobbs,Ord.2013.Effects of Medium Permeability Anisotropy on Chemical-Dissolution Front Instability in Fluid-Saturated Porous Media.Transport in Porous Media,99(1),119~143.
Zhang Xiying,Ma Haizhou,Gao Donglin,Wang Tao,Yang Haizhen,Zhang Minggang.2007.Dynamic changes of K,Li and B in hydrochemistry in brine of the mining area of Xitaijinair salt lake during the initial period of mining.Journal of Lake Sciences,19(6):727~734.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Xiangru,Fan Qishun,Wei Haicheng,Yuan Qin,Qin Zhanjie,Li Jiansen,Wang Mingxiang.2017.Boron isotope geochemistry characteristics of carbonate in Qarhan Salt Lake,Qinghai province.ActaGeologicaSinica,91(10):2299~2308(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yan,Gao Donglin,Ren Qianhui,Li Binkai,Wang Mingxiang.2017.Permeability of unconfined aquifer under the Dayantan mine area near the Kunty salt lake in the Qaidam Basin.Arid Zone Research,34(1),36~42(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Mianping,Liu Xifang.2010a.Hydrochemistry and minerals assemblages of salt lakes in Qingha-Tibet Plateau,China.ActaGeologicaSinica,84(11):1585~1600(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Mianping,Zhang Yongsheng,Liu Xifang,Qi Wen,Kong Fanjing,Nie Zhen,Jia Qinxian,Bu Lingzhong,Hou Xianhua,Wang Hailei,Zhang Zhen,Kong Weigang,Lin Yongjie.2016.Progress and prospect of salt lake research in China.ActaGeologicaSinica,90(9):2123~2165(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Xiuqing,Li Duo,Xie Shilian.1994.The analysis of halite permeability in Qarhan salt lake.Journal of Hebei College of Geology,17(2),198~204(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Jianrong,Zhang Zhihong,Dong Shengfa,Ma Yanfang,Zhang Yongfeng,Du Jianning.2011.The law of precipitation of mineral salts about the brine of Kunteyi salt lake by natural evaporation and its mathematical model.Journal of Salt and Chemical Industry,40(4):39~42(in Chinese with English abstract).
安莲英,殷辉安,唐明林.2010.溶浸开采神埋藏杂卤石可行性及溶浸动力学模拟.地质学报,84(11):1690~1696.
杜广生.2014.工程流体力学.2版.北京:中国电力出版社,11~13.
韩凤清,黄麒,王克俊,王华安,原力等.1995.柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖的地球化学演化与古气候变化.海洋与湖沼,26(5):502~508.
焦鹏程,刘成林,王弭力,陈永志,王新民.2003.罗布泊盐湖晶间卤水运动特征及其动力学分析.地球学报,24(3):255~260.
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