河南省新乡市高校校园喜鹊的巢址选择研究
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摘要
2017年2月至2018年3月,通过对新乡市河南师范大学、新乡医学院、河南科技学院、新乡学院等校区内发现所有喜鹊的巢址调查研究。共计调查鸟巢156个,其中建筑在树上的有152个,对这152个巢进行统计分析。结果表明营巢树木种类、巢高、树高、巢数、胸径、巢上枝盖度、巢位层次、巢所在区域、巢距建筑物的距离、巢树所在的密植情况等方面对喜鹊营巢都有一定影响。本研究着重分析了巢树所处的密植情况对营巢的影响,发现不同建筑群、不同高校园林规划,对喜鹊营巢的影响较大。通过本研究,建议在后期的高校建设、校园绿化等方面,能够结合环境因素、野生动物和人类需求,适当栽种高大乔木以及增加行植树种并减少孤植与大规模的片植树木来增加巢数量,以满足喜鹊繁衍条件。
We studied magpie nests on the campus of Henan Normal University,Xinxiang Medical University,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,and Xinxiang University in Xinxiang City,Henan,China from February 2017 to March 2018. We located 156 bird nests,of which 152 were built in trees and were measured for statistical analyses. Many parameters influenced magpie nesting,including tree species,nest height,tree height,nest diameter,branch coverage above the nest,nest height,nest location within the campus,distance from buildings,and the density of planted trees. We focused on the influence of tree density as a determinant of nest site selection.Building locations and landscape planning influenced the nesting of magpies. We recommend that environmental factors and wildlife and human needs be taken into consideration in future university construction and campus landscaping. Numbers of nests of magpies could be increased by increased planting of trees that grow to taller heights,and by planting trees in rows but not in isolation or in clumps.
We studied magpie nests on the campus of Henan Normal University,Xinxiang Medical University,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,and Xinxiang University in Xinxiang City,Henan,China from February 2017 to March 2018. We located 156 bird nests,of which 152 were built in trees and were measured for statistical analyses. Many parameters influenced magpie nesting,including tree species,nest height,tree height,nest diameter,branch coverage above the nest,nest height,nest location within the campus,distance from buildings,and the density of planted trees. We focused on the influence of tree density as a determinant of nest site selection.Building locations and landscape planning influenced the nesting of magpies. We recommend that environmental factors and wildlife and human needs be taken into consideration in future university construction and campus landscaping. Numbers of nests of magpies could be increased by increased planting of trees that grow to taller heights,and by planting trees in rows but not in isolation or in clumps.
引文
[1]张志明,张林源,胡严,等.北京城市生态与野生动物保护管理[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(1):40-44.
[2]张秩通,张恩迪.城市野生动物栖息地保护模式探讨---以上海市为例[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(4):447-452.
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[8]Lack D.The number of bird species on island[J].Bird Study,1969,16(4):193-209.
[9]田军东,董瑞静,路纪琪.郑州大学新校区喜鹊巢址选择研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(5):116-118.
[10]宋新华,李倩.北京大学校园银杏树种植对喜鹊营巢的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(8):127-129.
[11]陈侠斌,何静,张薇.北京高校喜鹊巢址选择的主要生态因素[J].四川动物,2006,25(4):855-857;861.
[12]解天波.喜鹊在银川市的种群分布及保护对策[J].现代农业科技,2011(23):340-341.
[13]闫永峰,杨小东,侯颖.商丘市区喜鹊(Pica pica)巢址选择研究[J].商丘师范学院学报,2011,27(3):79-84.
[14]黄佳亮,梁伟.吉林向海自然保护区占用喜鹊巢繁殖的鸟类巢记述[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(4):565-573.
[15]李鹏,张竞成,李必成,等.城市化对杭州市鸟类营巢集团的影响[J].动物学研究,2009,30(3):295-302.
[16]高远,慈海鑫,雷晓水.高速公路防护林内喜鹊和灰喜鹊的巢址选择[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):904-908.
[17]闫鹏,滕静,陈文森,等.西夏区高校区域喜鹊巢址选择的影响因子分析[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(3):34-36.
[18]Cody M L.Habitat selection in birds[M].Fla:Academic Press,1985.
[19]闫永峰.不同道路环境对喜鹊巢址选择的影响[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(2):254-257.
[20]周宏力,孔维尧,邹红菲,等.哈尔滨城市野生动物管理技术与对策[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(5):89-92.
[21]郝映红,安文山,任建强,等.喜鹊的食物[J].四川动物,1992,11(2):37-38.
[22]陈化鹏,杜永欣,高中信,等.喜鹊营巢生境的分析[J].野生动物,1993,14(5):20-23.
[2]张秩通,张恩迪.城市野生动物栖息地保护模式探讨---以上海市为例[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(4):447-452.
[3]伦佩珊.基于野生动物保护的城市园林绿地规划设计---以深圳野生动物为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[4]栾晓峰,车生泉.城市人工绿化带鸟类群落特征研究[C]//中国科学院生物多样性委员会,国家环保局自然保护司,国家林业局野生动物和森林植物保护司,等.中国生物多样性保护与研究进展Ⅵ-第六届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集.北京:气象出版社,2004:8.
[5]朱可仁.美国城市里的野生动物[J].野生动物,1990,11(1):40-41.
[6]杨小波,吴庆书.城市生态学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010:172-173.
[7]王彦平.鸟类对城市化的适应性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[8]Lack D.The number of bird species on island[J].Bird Study,1969,16(4):193-209.
[9]田军东,董瑞静,路纪琪.郑州大学新校区喜鹊巢址选择研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(5):116-118.
[10]宋新华,李倩.北京大学校园银杏树种植对喜鹊营巢的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(8):127-129.
[11]陈侠斌,何静,张薇.北京高校喜鹊巢址选择的主要生态因素[J].四川动物,2006,25(4):855-857;861.
[12]解天波.喜鹊在银川市的种群分布及保护对策[J].现代农业科技,2011(23):340-341.
[13]闫永峰,杨小东,侯颖.商丘市区喜鹊(Pica pica)巢址选择研究[J].商丘师范学院学报,2011,27(3):79-84.
[14]黄佳亮,梁伟.吉林向海自然保护区占用喜鹊巢繁殖的鸟类巢记述[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(4):565-573.
[15]李鹏,张竞成,李必成,等.城市化对杭州市鸟类营巢集团的影响[J].动物学研究,2009,30(3):295-302.
[16]高远,慈海鑫,雷晓水.高速公路防护林内喜鹊和灰喜鹊的巢址选择[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):904-908.
[17]闫鹏,滕静,陈文森,等.西夏区高校区域喜鹊巢址选择的影响因子分析[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(3):34-36.
[18]Cody M L.Habitat selection in birds[M].Fla:Academic Press,1985.
[19]闫永峰.不同道路环境对喜鹊巢址选择的影响[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(2):254-257.
[20]周宏力,孔维尧,邹红菲,等.哈尔滨城市野生动物管理技术与对策[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(5):89-92.
[21]郝映红,安文山,任建强,等.喜鹊的食物[J].四川动物,1992,11(2):37-38.
[22]陈化鹏,杜永欣,高中信,等.喜鹊营巢生境的分析[J].野生动物,1993,14(5):20-23.