节点-场所模型及其应用的研究进展与展望
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摘要
系统梳理了节点-场所模型及其应用的相关研究成果,发现已有研究主要集中在利用模型分析枢纽地区节点与场所发展特点、探究枢纽地区类型特点、预测枢纽地区发展潜力等方面。基于高速交通网和互联网的快速发展,提出未来节点-场所模型应用研究的重点方向:开展不同类型交通枢纽地区节点功能和场所功能的协同作用研究,探索旅游地空间节点功能和场所功能的平衡发展路径,探究不同要素流网络中节点城市的节点和场所协同发展,揭示节点-场所模型视域下地域空间演化的特征与规律,构建跨学科多元化的研究方法体系。通过加强节点-场所模型的应用研究,有利于优化地域空间结构,提升地域空间功能,丰富地域空间发展的理论研究,对制定地域空间发展规划具有重要启示。
Along with the rapid advancement of high-speed transportation technology, mobile communication and Internet technology, various factors have accelerated the flow on a global scale, causing changes in the spatial organization of regional economic society. The urban transportation hub area has gradually become a node for exchange of funds, information and technology in addition to passengers and goods. The problem of optimal allocation of land use space triggered by infrastructure construction in urban hub areas has become a hot spot in regional space research. Bertolini proposed the Node-Place model, and he believed that the hub area has node functions and place functions. Enhancing the node function of the hub and the attractiveness of the hub area can promote the intensification and diversification of activities in the hub area. In addition, increasing the function of the hub area and stimulating new transportation needs can encourage the development of transportation infrastructure. The coordinated development of nodes and places is the basis for the optimization of spatial structure in the hub area. The article systematically sorts out the research results of the Node-Place model and its application, and it finds that the existing research mainly focuses on the use of models to analyze the development characteristics of nodes and places in the hub area, hub type characteristics, and to predict the development potential of the hub areas. The research content of the previous research is mainly to conduct the research on the synergy and balanced development of node functions and site functions in transportation hubs,and to explore the spatial effects of traffic flow, especially passenger flow in hub areas. Based on the rapid development of high-speed transportation network as well as the Internet, the article puts forward that the key direction of Node-Place model can be applied in the future. First, based on the current reality of China's social and economic development, different types of transportation hubs should be selected as research objects to carry out research on the synergy between node functions and site functions in different types of transportation hubs. Second, the tourist scenic spot is the place where the tourist flow resides, which embodies the spatial attributes of the node function and the function of the place and their mutual relationship, thus the Node-Place model is supposed to be used to explore the balanced development path of the function of the space node and the function of the place. Third, according to the theoretical idea of the Node-Place model, future research should explore the coordinated development of nodes and places in node cities in different factor flow networks such as information, capital, and technology. Finally, taking China's fierce human-land relationship and the complex relationship between urban and rural areas into consideration, the theory of Node-Place model should be extended to different spatial scales, different elements and different research fields, revealing the characteristics and laws of regional spatial evolution under the view of Node-Place model. Scientific and reasonable evaluation indicators should be selected to strengthen the application of new technologies and to build a multi-disciplinary research methodology. By strengthening the application research of Node-Place model, it is beneficial to optimize the regional spatial structure, improve the regional spatial function and enrich the theoretical research of regional spatial development, and it has important enlightenments to make regional space development plan.
Along with the rapid advancement of high-speed transportation technology, mobile communication and Internet technology, various factors have accelerated the flow on a global scale, causing changes in the spatial organization of regional economic society. The urban transportation hub area has gradually become a node for exchange of funds, information and technology in addition to passengers and goods. The problem of optimal allocation of land use space triggered by infrastructure construction in urban hub areas has become a hot spot in regional space research. Bertolini proposed the Node-Place model, and he believed that the hub area has node functions and place functions. Enhancing the node function of the hub and the attractiveness of the hub area can promote the intensification and diversification of activities in the hub area. In addition, increasing the function of the hub area and stimulating new transportation needs can encourage the development of transportation infrastructure. The coordinated development of nodes and places is the basis for the optimization of spatial structure in the hub area. The article systematically sorts out the research results of the Node-Place model and its application, and it finds that the existing research mainly focuses on the use of models to analyze the development characteristics of nodes and places in the hub area, hub type characteristics, and to predict the development potential of the hub areas. The research content of the previous research is mainly to conduct the research on the synergy and balanced development of node functions and site functions in transportation hubs,and to explore the spatial effects of traffic flow, especially passenger flow in hub areas. Based on the rapid development of high-speed transportation network as well as the Internet, the article puts forward that the key direction of Node-Place model can be applied in the future. First, based on the current reality of China's social and economic development, different types of transportation hubs should be selected as research objects to carry out research on the synergy between node functions and site functions in different types of transportation hubs. Second, the tourist scenic spot is the place where the tourist flow resides, which embodies the spatial attributes of the node function and the function of the place and their mutual relationship, thus the Node-Place model is supposed to be used to explore the balanced development path of the function of the space node and the function of the place. Third, according to the theoretical idea of the Node-Place model, future research should explore the coordinated development of nodes and places in node cities in different factor flow networks such as information, capital, and technology. Finally, taking China's fierce human-land relationship and the complex relationship between urban and rural areas into consideration, the theory of Node-Place model should be extended to different spatial scales, different elements and different research fields, revealing the characteristics and laws of regional spatial evolution under the view of Node-Place model. Scientific and reasonable evaluation indicators should be selected to strengthen the application of new technologies and to build a multi-disciplinary research methodology. By strengthening the application research of Node-Place model, it is beneficial to optimize the regional spatial structure, improve the regional spatial function and enrich the theoretical research of regional spatial development, and it has important enlightenments to make regional space development plan.
引文
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[5]彼得·霍尔,凯西·佩恩.多中心大都市:来自欧洲巨型城市区域的经验[M].罗震东,等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:102-110.[Hall P,Payne K.The polycentric metropolis:Learning from mega-city regions in Europe.Translated by Luo Zhendong et al. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2010:102-110.]
[6] Bertolini L.Nodes and places:Complexities of railway station redevelopment[J].European Planning Studies,1996,4(3):331-345.
[7] Bertolini L. Spatial development patterns and public transport:The application of an analytical model in the Netherlands[J].Planning Practice and Research,1999(14):199-210.
[8] Bertonlini L,Spit T,Ebrary I.Cities on rails:The development of railway stations and their surroundings. Physics in Medicine&Biology,1998,58(2):287-299.
[9] Jacobs M. Multinodal urban structures:A comparative analysis and strategies for design[D].Delft:Delft University Press,2000.
[10] Peek G J,Bertolini L,Jonge H D.Gaining insight in the development potential of station areas:A decade of node-place modeling in the Netherlands[J].Planning Practice and Research,2006,21(4):443-462.
[11] Chorus P,Bertolini L.An application of the node place model to explore the spatial development dynamics of station areas in Tokyo[J].The Journal of Transport and Land Use,2011,4(1):45-58.
[12] Zweedijk A.Een‘knoop-plaats’-model voor stationslocaties[D].Utrecht:Universiteit Utrecht,1997.
[13] Serlie Z.Stationslocaties in vergelijkend perspectief[D].Utrecht:Universiteit Utrecht,1998.
[14] Banister D, Berechman Y. Transport investment and the promotion of economic growth[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2001,9(3):209-218.
[15] Chen X,Lin L.The node-place analysis on the“hubtropolis”urban form:The case of Shanghai Hongqiao air-rail hub[J].Habitat International,2015,49:445-453.
[16] Kim H,Sultana S,Weber J.A geographic assessment of the economic development impact of Korean high-speed rail stations[J].Transport Policy,2017,66(1):127-137.
[17] Babb C, Duckworthsmith A, Falconer R et al. The performance and potential of rail stations in and outside freeway medians:The application of a node/place model to Perth[C]//in Proceedings of the 37th Australasian Transport Research Forum, 30September to 2 October 2015, Sydney:New South Wales.
[18] Duckworth-Smith A,Babb C.Indicating quality of place for station precinct development:enhancing‘place’in the place/node model[C]//Burton P et al.Proceedings of the State of Australian Cities Conference, Dec 9-11 2015. Gold Coast, Queensland:Urban Research Program at Griffith University on behalf of the Australian Cities Research Network.
[19] Ortu?o-Padilla A, Espinosa-Flor A, Cerdán-Aznar L. Development strategies at station areas in southwestern China:The case of Mianyang city[J].Land Use Policy,2017,68:660-670.
[20] Nigro A,Bertolini L,Moccia F D.Land use and public transport integration in small cities and towns:Assessment methodology and application[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2019,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.11.004
[21] Paksukcharern T K.Node and Place,a study on the spatial process of railway terminus area redevelopment in central London[D].London:University of London, 2003.
[22] Monajem S,Nosratian F E.The evaluation of the spatial integration of station areas via the node place model:An application to subway station areas in Tehran[J].Transportation Research Part D,2015,40:14-27.
[23]王成芳,孙一民,张春阳,等.基于“节点-场所”特性的轨道交通站点地区规划设计[J].规划师, 2014, 30(10):30-34.[Wang Chengfang,Sun Yimin,Zhang Chunyang et al.“Node-Place”concept based rail station area planning. Planners, 2014, 30(10):30-34.]
[24] Meijers E J. Knooppunten binnen stedelijke netwerken[D]. Nijmegen:Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen,2000.
[25] Groenendijk L, Rezaei J, Correia G. Incorporating the travellers experience value in assessing the quality of transit nodes:A Rotterdam case study[J]. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 2018,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.07.007
[26] Gon?alves J A M,Portugal L D.Classificando esta??es metro-ferroviárias como pólo promotor do desenvolvimento socioecon?mico[C]//4°Concurso de Monografia CBTU 2008-A Cidade nos Trilhos. Rio de Janeiro:Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos.
[27] Ivan I,Boruta T,Horák J.Evaluation of railway surrounding areas:The case of Ostrava city[C]//Longhurst J W S et al.Urban Transport XVIII Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century. Southampton and Boston:WIT Press,2012:141-152.
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