中国履行《蒙特利尔议定书(基加利修正案)》减排三氟甲烷的对策分析
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摘要
2016年10月制定的《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书(基加利修正案)》将三氟甲烷(HFC-23)纳入了其附件F第二类管控物质名单,并要求缔约国自2020年1月1日起以缔约方核准的技术对HFC-23进行销毁。伴随中国二氟一氯甲烷(HCFC-22)原料用途需求增长,其副产物HFC-23的产生量呈上升趋势,尽管HCFC-22生产工艺不断优化,HFC-23的副产率逐步下降,预测2050年HFC-23产生量将达到2.47万t(或365.56 Mt CO_2-eq),2020—2050年HFC-23累计产生量约56.3万t,折合约8332.40 Mt CO_2-eq。截至2015年,通过清洁发展机制以及国家发展和改革委员会减排专项的资助,中国以焚烧分解技术销毁HFC-23累计54585 t,为全球温室气体减排做出了重要贡献,但这一减排也花费了巨额资金投资焚烧设备和支付焚烧运行费用,提高了企业的生产成本、浪费了氟资源。研究显示,HFC-23资源化利用技术路线是可行的且中国相关技术专利正在逐步增加,鼓励和推进HFC-23资源化利用技术开发与应用是消除HFC-23排放可行的技术途径,也是未来中国加入并履行《基加利修正案》关键的技术路线选择。
In October 2016,HFC-23 was listed in the second controlled substance category in the Annex F of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,which requires the parties to destruct HFC-23 through using technology approved by the parties start January 1,2020.With the growing demand of raw material of HCFC-22 in China,the production of the by-product of HFC-23 shows an increasing trend in the next few decades.Although the production process of HCFC-22 is optimizing and the byproduct yield of HFC-23 is declining,the production of HFC-23 is predicted to 24.7 kt(365.56 Mt)by2050.Moreover,the cumulative production of HFC-23 is predicted to 563 kt(8332.40 Mt)from 2020 to2050.Under the Clean Development Mechanism projects and the carbon emission reduction funding of National Development and Reform Commission,the accumulative total destruction of HFC-23 was about 54.585 kt with incineration technology in China by 2015.This had made important contributions to mitigation of global GHG emissions,however,it cost a huge amount of fund to invest in incinerators and its operations,increased the cost of products and wasted the fluorine resources.This study shows that Chinese patents of utilizing HFC-23 as resource are gradually increasing and the corresponding approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation is feasible.Therefore,to promote and encourage the development and application of technologies of utilizing HFC-23 as resource and converting to high value-added products is an effective and sustainable approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation,which is the key sustainable approach for the future in China to compliance of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
In October 2016,HFC-23 was listed in the second controlled substance category in the Annex F of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,which requires the parties to destruct HFC-23 through using technology approved by the parties start January 1,2020.With the growing demand of raw material of HCFC-22 in China,the production of the by-product of HFC-23 shows an increasing trend in the next few decades.Although the production process of HCFC-22 is optimizing and the byproduct yield of HFC-23 is declining,the production of HFC-23 is predicted to 24.7 kt(365.56 Mt)by2050.Moreover,the cumulative production of HFC-23 is predicted to 563 kt(8332.40 Mt)from 2020 to2050.Under the Clean Development Mechanism projects and the carbon emission reduction funding of National Development and Reform Commission,the accumulative total destruction of HFC-23 was about 54.585 kt with incineration technology in China by 2015.This had made important contributions to mitigation of global GHG emissions,however,it cost a huge amount of fund to invest in incinerators and its operations,increased the cost of products and wasted the fluorine resources.This study shows that Chinese patents of utilizing HFC-23 as resource are gradually increasing and the corresponding approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation is feasible.Therefore,to promote and encourage the development and application of technologies of utilizing HFC-23 as resource and converting to high value-added products is an effective and sustainable approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation,which is the key sustainable approach for the future in China to compliance of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
引文
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[14]韩文锋,李雨臻,唐浩东,等.一种偏氟乙烯的制备方法及其所用催化剂的制备方法:CN104628514A[P].2015-05-20
[15]周孝瑞,张元中,楼月瑛.一种制备1,1,1,4,4,4,-六氟-2-丁烯的方法:CN104529695A[P].2015-04-22
[16]司林旭,王寅洁,沈达,等.一种三氟甲烷裂解制备二氟一氯甲烷的工艺方法:CN103467239A[P].2013-12-25
[17]马辉,吕剑,谷玉杰,等.3,3,3-三氟丙酸及其酯的制备方法:CN103965047A[P].2014-08-06
[18]权恒道,田村正则,关屋章.碳酰氟的制造方法:CN101272983B[P].2011-11-16
[19]权恒道,张呈平,张小玲,等.三氟甲烷热解制备含氟化合物CFR1=CFR2(R1,R2=F或-CF3)的方法:CN106565410A[P].2017-04-19
[20]刘东明,杨光成,毛燕超,等.一种同时合成三氟碘甲烷和五氟碘乙烷的方法:CN101219925A[P].2008-07-16
[21]Lishchynskyi A,Novikov M A,Martin E,et al.Trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides with fluoroform-derived Cu CF3:scope,limitations,and mechanistic features[J].The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2013,78(22):11126-11146
[22]韩文锋,靳碧波,周强,等.三氟甲烷(HFC-23)的资源化转化利用[J].化工进展,2014,33(2):483-492
[23]Furusawa T,Ogawa T,Numao T,et al.Production of Ca F2 by the destructive adsorption of trifluoromethane and a binary mixture of trifluoromethane/chlorodifluoromethane with Ca O powder under airflow[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,2012,45(6):459-465
[24]Miloserdov F M,Grushin V V.Alcoholysis of fluoroform[J].Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2014,167:105-109
[25]李勤华,谈玲华,杭祖圣,等.三氟碘甲烷的合成及机理[J].南京理工大学学报,2011,35(6):863-866
(1)应对气候变化司关于公示2014年HFC-23处置和核查情况的公告,http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201506/t20150602_694754.html。
(2)关于2015年HFCs处置核查情况的公示,http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201605/t20160527_805072.html。
(3)http://re.chinaiol.com/。
(4)数据来源:http://www.qzggzy.com/Front Web/noticecontent.aspx?ID=31931。
(5)数据来源:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/283981468242666053/pdf/E12440v20reve01811Zhonghao03F1Final.pdf。
[2]国家发展和改革委员会.发改投资[2014]2533号:关于下达氢氟碳化物削减重大示范项目2014年中央预算内投资计划的通知[Z].2014[2018-06-01].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn
[3]国家发展和改革委员会.关于组织开展氢氟碳化物处置相关工作的通知[Z].2015[2018-06-01].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201505/t20150515_692028.html
[4]刘援,梅胜放.氟资源节约及其相应的环境保护对策[J].环境保护,2011(2):111-113
[5]崔永丽,林慧,杨礼荣,等.中国氟化工行业HFC-23减排潜力分析[J].气候变化研究进展,2013,9(2):139-143
[6]林慧,崔永丽,肖学智,等.三氟甲烷减排可行性分析[J].中国人口?资源与环境,2014,24(11):13-15
[7]Fang X K,Miller B R,Su S S,et al.Historical emissions of HFC-23(CHF3)in China and projections upon policy options by 2050[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(7):4056-4062
[8]Christmas M J,Dimitratos Y N.Process for the manufacture of chlorodifluoromethane EP:WO2006022763A1[P].2006-03-02
[9]霍尼韦尔国际公司.用于CF3I和CF3CF2I合成的催化剂:CN101244979A[P].2008-08-20
[10]纳幕尔杜邦公司.三氟甲烷(HFC-23)的处理:CN1604886A[P].2005-04-06
[11]大金工业株式会社.羰基氟的制造方法:CN1976873A[P].2007-06-06
[12]苏威氟有限公司.碳酰氟的制备:CN1930081A[P].2007-03-14
[13]韩文锋,唐浩东,李瑛,等.一种三氟甲烷资源化利用的方法:CN104628513A[P].2015-05-20
[14]韩文锋,李雨臻,唐浩东,等.一种偏氟乙烯的制备方法及其所用催化剂的制备方法:CN104628514A[P].2015-05-20
[15]周孝瑞,张元中,楼月瑛.一种制备1,1,1,4,4,4,-六氟-2-丁烯的方法:CN104529695A[P].2015-04-22
[16]司林旭,王寅洁,沈达,等.一种三氟甲烷裂解制备二氟一氯甲烷的工艺方法:CN103467239A[P].2013-12-25
[17]马辉,吕剑,谷玉杰,等.3,3,3-三氟丙酸及其酯的制备方法:CN103965047A[P].2014-08-06
[18]权恒道,田村正则,关屋章.碳酰氟的制造方法:CN101272983B[P].2011-11-16
[19]权恒道,张呈平,张小玲,等.三氟甲烷热解制备含氟化合物CFR1=CFR2(R1,R2=F或-CF3)的方法:CN106565410A[P].2017-04-19
[20]刘东明,杨光成,毛燕超,等.一种同时合成三氟碘甲烷和五氟碘乙烷的方法:CN101219925A[P].2008-07-16
[21]Lishchynskyi A,Novikov M A,Martin E,et al.Trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides with fluoroform-derived Cu CF3:scope,limitations,and mechanistic features[J].The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2013,78(22):11126-11146
[22]韩文锋,靳碧波,周强,等.三氟甲烷(HFC-23)的资源化转化利用[J].化工进展,2014,33(2):483-492
[23]Furusawa T,Ogawa T,Numao T,et al.Production of Ca F2 by the destructive adsorption of trifluoromethane and a binary mixture of trifluoromethane/chlorodifluoromethane with Ca O powder under airflow[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,2012,45(6):459-465
[24]Miloserdov F M,Grushin V V.Alcoholysis of fluoroform[J].Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2014,167:105-109
[25]李勤华,谈玲华,杭祖圣,等.三氟碘甲烷的合成及机理[J].南京理工大学学报,2011,35(6):863-866
(1)应对气候变化司关于公示2014年HFC-23处置和核查情况的公告,http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201506/t20150602_694754.html。
(2)关于2015年HFCs处置核查情况的公示,http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201605/t20160527_805072.html。
(3)http://re.chinaiol.com/。
(4)数据来源:http://www.qzggzy.com/Front Web/noticecontent.aspx?ID=31931。
(5)数据来源:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/283981468242666053/pdf/E12440v20reve01811Zhonghao03F1Final.pdf。