摘要
2016年10月制定的《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书(基加利修正案)》将三氟甲烷(HFC-23)纳入了其附件F第二类管控物质名单,并要求缔约国自2020年1月1日起以缔约方核准的技术对HFC-23进行销毁。伴随中国二氟一氯甲烷(HCFC-22)原料用途需求增长,其副产物HFC-23的产生量呈上升趋势,尽管HCFC-22生产工艺不断优化,HFC-23的副产率逐步下降,预测2050年HFC-23产生量将达到2.47万t(或365.56 Mt CO_2-eq),2020—2050年HFC-23累计产生量约56.3万t,折合约8332.40 Mt CO_2-eq。截至2015年,通过清洁发展机制以及国家发展和改革委员会减排专项的资助,中国以焚烧分解技术销毁HFC-23累计54585 t,为全球温室气体减排做出了重要贡献,但这一减排也花费了巨额资金投资焚烧设备和支付焚烧运行费用,提高了企业的生产成本、浪费了氟资源。研究显示,HFC-23资源化利用技术路线是可行的且中国相关技术专利正在逐步增加,鼓励和推进HFC-23资源化利用技术开发与应用是消除HFC-23排放可行的技术途径,也是未来中国加入并履行《基加利修正案》关键的技术路线选择。
In October 2016,HFC-23 was listed in the second controlled substance category in the Annex F of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,which requires the parties to destruct HFC-23 through using technology approved by the parties start January 1,2020.With the growing demand of raw material of HCFC-22 in China,the production of the by-product of HFC-23 shows an increasing trend in the next few decades.Although the production process of HCFC-22 is optimizing and the byproduct yield of HFC-23 is declining,the production of HFC-23 is predicted to 24.7 kt(365.56 Mt)by2050.Moreover,the cumulative production of HFC-23 is predicted to 563 kt(8332.40 Mt)from 2020 to2050.Under the Clean Development Mechanism projects and the carbon emission reduction funding of National Development and Reform Commission,the accumulative total destruction of HFC-23 was about 54.585 kt with incineration technology in China by 2015.This had made important contributions to mitigation of global GHG emissions,however,it cost a huge amount of fund to invest in incinerators and its operations,increased the cost of products and wasted the fluorine resources.This study shows that Chinese patents of utilizing HFC-23 as resource are gradually increasing and the corresponding approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation is feasible.Therefore,to promote and encourage the development and application of technologies of utilizing HFC-23 as resource and converting to high value-added products is an effective and sustainable approach of HFC-23 emission mitigation,which is the key sustainable approach for the future in China to compliance of Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
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(2)关于2015年HFCs处置核查情况的公示,http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201605/t20160527_805072.html。
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(4)数据来源:http://www.qzggzy.com/Front Web/noticecontent.aspx?ID=31931。
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