创新强化传热策略与应用 提升炼化企业竞争力
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摘要
强化传热是炼化企业实现绿色低碳发展和提升综合竞争力的有效途径。本文基于丰富的工程知识沉淀与炼化设计实践,通过系统梳理、总结,将炼化企业的强化传热工程策略划分为设备元件、工艺过程和全厂3个层次。通过梳理管壳式换热器等的工程应用方案,归纳了面向特殊工艺和介质的设备元件强化传热;通过总结芳烃、原油蒸馏、乙烯等装置热能/冷能利用,归纳了面向工艺与工程技术集成的工艺过程强化传热;通过总结全厂大系统回收与优化利用低温热资源、蒸汽系统梯级优化利用、循环水系统串级利用等,归纳了炼化企业全厂强化传热。强化传热工程策略在海南炼化公司、青岛炼化公司的实际应用表明,两者的综合能耗、单因能耗均达到国内先进水平。本文的阐述有望为强化传热工程策略的发展、完善,为丰富炼化工程强化传热内涵发挥积极的指导和示范作用。
Heat transfer enhancement is an effective way to achieve low-carbon development and enhance competitiveness of refinery and petrochemical enterprises.Based on the rich engineering knowledge and refining design experience,the engineering heat transfer enhancement strategy is divided into three steps by systematical classification:equipment,process and whole plant.The equipment enhancement strategy for special processes is recommended by combining application of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.The process enhancement strategy is generalized by analysis of the thermal/cold energy utilization in process of aromatics,crude oil distillation,ethylene,etc.The whole plant enhancement strategy includes the use of low-temperature heat resources,stair-step utilization of steam system and cascade utilization of recycled water systems.These strategies were successfully applied to Hainan and Qingdao Refinery and helped to reduce the energy consumption.It is expected from the study in this paper to strengthen the development of the heat transfer engineering strategy and enrich connotation of the heat transfer enhancement in petrochemical process.
Heat transfer enhancement is an effective way to achieve low-carbon development and enhance competitiveness of refinery and petrochemical enterprises.Based on the rich engineering knowledge and refining design experience,the engineering heat transfer enhancement strategy is divided into three steps by systematical classification:equipment,process and whole plant.The equipment enhancement strategy for special processes is recommended by combining application of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.The process enhancement strategy is generalized by analysis of the thermal/cold energy utilization in process of aromatics,crude oil distillation,ethylene,etc.The whole plant enhancement strategy includes the use of low-temperature heat resources,stair-step utilization of steam system and cascade utilization of recycled water systems.These strategies were successfully applied to Hainan and Qingdao Refinery and helped to reduce the energy consumption.It is expected from the study in this paper to strengthen the development of the heat transfer engineering strategy and enrich connotation of the heat transfer enhancement in petrochemical process.
引文
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[18]林宗虎.管式换热器中的单相流体强化传热技术[J].自然杂志, 2013, 35(5):313-319.LIN Zonghu. Heat transfer enhancement techniques for singlephase fluid tubular heat exchangers[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature,2013, 35(5):313-319.
[19]张方方,高莉萍.一种新型高效换热器在连续重整装置中的应用[J].石油化工设备技术, 2017, 38(4):1-5.ZHANG Fangfang, GAO Liping. Application of a new high-efficiency heat exchanger in continuous catalytic reforming unit[J].Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology, 2017, 38(4):1-5.
[20]秦永强.国产大型板壳式换热器在芳烃联合装置的应用[J].石油化工设备技术, 2017, 38(3):1-5.QIN Yongqiang. Application of domestic large plate heatexchanger in aromatic complex[J]. Petro-Chemical EquipmentTechnology, 2017, 38(3):1-5.
[21]宋丹,蹇江海,张迎恺.扭曲管双壳程换热器的研究及性能分析[J].石油化工设备技术, 2012, 33(5):1-3.SONG Dan,QIAN Jianghai,ZHANG Yingkai. Research andperformance analysis of the double shell twisted tube heatexchanger[J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology, 2012, 33(5):1-3.
[22]栾辉宝,陶文铨,朱国庆,等.全焊接板式换热器发展综述[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2013, 43(9):1020-1033.LUAN Huibao, TAO Wenquan, ZHU Guoqing, et al. A review ofthe development of all welded plate heat exchanger[J]. ScienceChina Press, 2013, 43(9):1020-1033.
[23]盛在行.二元制冷技术在乙烯装置中的应用[J].化工进展,2002, 21(9):663-667.SHENG Zaihang. Technology of binary refrigeration applied toethylene plant[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2002, 21(9):663-667.
[24]华贲.炼油厂能量系统优化技术研究和应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社, 2009.HUA Ben. Research and application of energy system optimizationtechnology in refinery[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2009.
[2] Outlook for energy:a view to 2040[Z]. ExxonMobil Co.,2017.
[3]林宗虎,汪军,李瑞阳,等.强化传热技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007.LIN Zonghu, WANG Jun, LI Ruiyang, et al. Heat transferenhancement techniques[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007.
[4]李志强.原油蒸馏工艺与工程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2010.LI Zhiqiang. Crude oil distillation process and engineering[M].Beijing:China Petrochemical Press, 2010.
[5]刘家明,王玉翠,蒋荣兴.炼油装置工艺与工程[M].北京:中国石化出版社, 2017.LIU Jiaming, WANG Yucui, JIANG Rongxing. Oil refining plantprocess and engineering[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2017.
[6]李大东,聂红,孙丽丽.加氢处理工艺与工程[M].二版.北京:中国石化出版社, 2016.LI Dadong, NIE Hong, SUN Lili. Hydrotreating process andengineering[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press, 2016.
[7]林文珠,曹嘉豪,方晓明,等.管壳式换热器强化传热研究进展[J].化工进展, 2018, 37(4):1276-1286.LIN Wenzhu,CAO Jiahao,FANG Xiaoming,et al. Researchprogress of heat transfer enhancement of shell-and-tube heatexchanger[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018,37(4):1276-1286.
[8]肖武,史朝霞,姜晓滨,等.考虑管壳式换热器传热强化的换热网络综合研究进展[J].化工进展, 2018, 37(4):1267-1275.XIAO Wu,SHI Zhaoxia,JIANG Xiaobin, et al. Research progresson heat exchanger network considering heat transfer enhancementof shell-and-tubeexchangers[J].ChemicalIndustryandEngineeringProgress, 2018, 37(4):1267-1275.
[9] KEMP I C. Pinch analysis and process integration:a user guide onprocess integration for the efficient use of energy[M]. 2nd ed. UK:Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.
[10]冯霄.化工节能原理与技术[M]. 4版.北京:化学工业出版社,2015.FENG Xiao. Principles and technologies of chemical energy saving[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2015.
[11] SMITH R, JOBSON M, CHEN L. Recent development in theretrofit of heat exchanger networks[J]. Applied ThermalEngineering, 2010, 30(16):2281-2289.
[12] ZHANG B J, LUO X L, CHEN Q L, et al. Heat integration bymultiple hot discharges/feeds between plants[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(18):10744-10754.
[13]孙丽丽,蒋荣兴,魏志强.创新系统化节能方法与应用方案研究[J].石油石化节能与减排,2015, 5(4):1-5.SUN Lili,JIANG Rongxing, WEI Zhiqiang. Application researchon an innovative and systematic method for energy-saving[J].Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Petroleum andPetrochemical Industry, 2015, 5(4):1-5.
[14]魏志强,孙丽丽.基于夹点技术的炼油过程多装置热集成策略研究与应用[J].石油学报(石油加工), 2016, 32(2):221-229.WEI Zhiqiang,SUN Lili. Strategy research and application formulti-units heat integration in refining enterprises based on pinchtechnology[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016, 32(2):221-229.
[15] LIEW P Y, ALWI S R W, VARBANOV P S, et al. Centralisedutility system planning for a total site heat integration network[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2013, 57(15):104-111.
[16]戴厚良.芳烃技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社, 2014.DAI Houliang. Aromatics technology[M]. Beijing:ChinaPetrochemical Press, 2014.
[17]朱冬生,钱颂文.强化传热技术及其设计应用[J].化工装备技术, 2000, 21(6):1-9.ZHU Dongsheng, QIAN Songwen. Heat transfer enhancementtechnology and application[J]. Chemical Equipment Technology,2000, 21(6):1-9.
[18]林宗虎.管式换热器中的单相流体强化传热技术[J].自然杂志, 2013, 35(5):313-319.LIN Zonghu. Heat transfer enhancement techniques for singlephase fluid tubular heat exchangers[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature,2013, 35(5):313-319.
[19]张方方,高莉萍.一种新型高效换热器在连续重整装置中的应用[J].石油化工设备技术, 2017, 38(4):1-5.ZHANG Fangfang, GAO Liping. Application of a new high-efficiency heat exchanger in continuous catalytic reforming unit[J].Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology, 2017, 38(4):1-5.
[20]秦永强.国产大型板壳式换热器在芳烃联合装置的应用[J].石油化工设备技术, 2017, 38(3):1-5.QIN Yongqiang. Application of domestic large plate heatexchanger in aromatic complex[J]. Petro-Chemical EquipmentTechnology, 2017, 38(3):1-5.
[21]宋丹,蹇江海,张迎恺.扭曲管双壳程换热器的研究及性能分析[J].石油化工设备技术, 2012, 33(5):1-3.SONG Dan,QIAN Jianghai,ZHANG Yingkai. Research andperformance analysis of the double shell twisted tube heatexchanger[J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology, 2012, 33(5):1-3.
[22]栾辉宝,陶文铨,朱国庆,等.全焊接板式换热器发展综述[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2013, 43(9):1020-1033.LUAN Huibao, TAO Wenquan, ZHU Guoqing, et al. A review ofthe development of all welded plate heat exchanger[J]. ScienceChina Press, 2013, 43(9):1020-1033.
[23]盛在行.二元制冷技术在乙烯装置中的应用[J].化工进展,2002, 21(9):663-667.SHENG Zaihang. Technology of binary refrigeration applied toethylene plant[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2002, 21(9):663-667.
[24]华贲.炼油厂能量系统优化技术研究和应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社, 2009.HUA Ben. Research and application of energy system optimizationtechnology in refinery[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2009.