韭菜养根期干旱处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态的影响
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摘要
【目的】本研究旨在明确韭菜养根期干旱处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga种群动态的影响。【方法】通过控制浇水调控土壤含水量,调查15, 20, 25和30 d干旱胁迫下砂土和壤土栽培的韭菜中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F_1代成虫的发生量,并通过两性生命表方法分析干旱胁迫30 d对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F_1代种群参数的影响。【结果】研究结果表明,不论砂土还是壤土,干旱胁迫均抑制了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F_1代成虫的发生:随干旱胁迫时间的增加,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的数量显著下降;其中干旱胁迫30 d时,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的发生量最低,壤土或砂土中的F_1代成虫羽化量仅为1头,与其他干旱胁迫时间(15, 20和25 d)相比发生量差异显著。经历30 d干旱胁迫的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F_1代1, 2, 3和4龄幼虫发育历期、未成熟期、雌成虫产卵前期和总产卵前期较对照组显著延长,分别延长0.82, 2.53, 2.82, 0.68, 6.32, 1.36和8.69 d,而净生殖率(R_0)、内禀增长率(r_m)以及周限增长率(λ)则显著低于对照组,分别较对照组下降32.38%, 37.50%和5.13%。【结论】在韭菜养根期进行干旱处理可有效抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生。
【Aim】 This study aims to ascertain the effect of drought during the root nourishing period of Chinese chives on the population dynamics of the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga. 【Methods】 The number of adults of the F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga occurring in Chinese chives cultured in sandy soil and loamy soil under drought stress for 15, 20, 25 and 30 d was investigated by controlled irrigation to control the soil moisture, and the effect of drought stress on the population parameters of F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga was analyzed by two-sex life table method. 【Results】 The results showed that the occurrence of the adults of F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga fed on Chinese chives cultured in sandy soil and loamy soil were both restrained by drought. As the duration of drought stress increased, the number of B. odoriphaga adults obviously decreased. The number of B. odoriphaga adults was the lowest at 30 d after exposure to drought stress, and the number of B. odoriphaga adults emerged in loamy soil or sandy soil was only one and significantly different from those for other stress duration(15, 20 and 25 d). The duration of the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th instar larva, the duration of immature stage, the preoviposition period and the total preoviposition period of adult female of the F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga exposed to drought stress for 30 d were significantly prolonged as compared with those in the control group, being prolonged by 0.82, 2.53, 2.82, 0.68, 6.32, 1.36 and 8.69 d, respectively, while the net reproductive rate(R_0), intrinsic rate of increase(r_m) and finite rate of increase(λ) were all significantly lower than those of the control, dropping by 32.38%, 37.50% and 5.13%, respectively, as compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 Drought treatment applied to Chinese chives during the root nourishing period can effectively alleviate the occurrence of B. odoriphaga.
【Aim】 This study aims to ascertain the effect of drought during the root nourishing period of Chinese chives on the population dynamics of the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga. 【Methods】 The number of adults of the F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga occurring in Chinese chives cultured in sandy soil and loamy soil under drought stress for 15, 20, 25 and 30 d was investigated by controlled irrigation to control the soil moisture, and the effect of drought stress on the population parameters of F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga was analyzed by two-sex life table method. 【Results】 The results showed that the occurrence of the adults of F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga fed on Chinese chives cultured in sandy soil and loamy soil were both restrained by drought. As the duration of drought stress increased, the number of B. odoriphaga adults obviously decreased. The number of B. odoriphaga adults was the lowest at 30 d after exposure to drought stress, and the number of B. odoriphaga adults emerged in loamy soil or sandy soil was only one and significantly different from those for other stress duration(15, 20 and 25 d). The duration of the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th instar larva, the duration of immature stage, the preoviposition period and the total preoviposition period of adult female of the F_1 generation of B. odoriphaga exposed to drought stress for 30 d were significantly prolonged as compared with those in the control group, being prolonged by 0.82, 2.53, 2.82, 0.68, 6.32, 1.36 and 8.69 d, respectively, while the net reproductive rate(R_0), intrinsic rate of increase(r_m) and finite rate of increase(λ) were all significantly lower than those of the control, dropping by 32.38%, 37.50% and 5.13%, respectively, as compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 Drought treatment applied to Chinese chives during the root nourishing period can effectively alleviate the occurrence of B. odoriphaga.
引文
Chang XN, Gao HJ, Chen FJ, Zhai BP, 2008. Effects of environmental moisture and precipitation on insects: a review. Chin. J. Ecol., 27(4): 619-625. [常晓娜, 高慧璟, 陈法军, 翟保平, 2008. 环境湿度和降雨对昆虫的影响. 生态学杂志, 27(4): 619-625]
Chen FJ, Zhai BP, Zhang XX, 2002. Biological habits of tunneling and pupation of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Plant Prot., 28(1): 18-20. [陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲, 2002. 棉铃虫入土化蛹的生物学习性. 植物保护, 28(1): 18-20]
Chen FJ, Zhai BP, Zhang XX, 2003. Effects of soil moisture during pupal stage on population development of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Acta Ecol. Sin., 23(1): 112-121. [陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲, 2003. 棉铃虫蛹期土壤水分对其种群发生的影响. 生态学报, 23(1): 112-121]
Chi H, 1988. Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals. Environ. Entomol., 17(1): 26-34.
Duan XF, Wang XQ, Li PW, Peng P, 2015. Research progress on the effects of several environmental factors on adaptability of insects. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 31(14): 79-82. [段小凤, 王晓庆, 李品武, 彭萍, 2015. 几种环境因子对昆虫适应性影响的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 31(14): 79-82]
Feng HQ, Zheng FQ, 1987. Study on the occurrence and control of Bradysiao doriphaga Yang et Zhang. J. Shandong Agric. Univ., 18(1): 71-80. [冯慧琴, 郑方强, 1987. 韭蛆发生规律与防治研究. 山东农业大学学报, 18(1): 71-80]
Fitt GP, 1989. The ecology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 34: 17-52.
Gao CX, Zhao S, 1996. Advances in biological control of pests. Tianjin Agric. Forest. Tech., (3): 38-44. [高崇省, 赵森, 1996. 害虫生物防治研究进展. 天津农林科技, (3): 38-44]
Han XJ, 1996. The damage habits and prevention method of fragrant onion gnats. Farmer Sci. Tech., (10): 17-18. [韩学俭, 1996. 韭蛆危害习性及防治方法. 农家科技, (10): 17-18]
Ma CS, Ma G, Chang XQ, 2008. Review of research and application in agricultural pest management with extreme high temperature. J. Environ. Entomol., 30(3): 257-264. [马春森, 马罡, 常向前, 2008. 农业害虫高温调控的研究进展. 环境昆虫学报, 30(3): 257-264]
Potter DA, 1983. Effect of soil moisture on oviposition, water absorption, and survival of masked chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) eggs. Environ. Entomol., 12(4): 1223-1227.
Shi CH, Hu JR, Xu YQ, Yang YT, Cheng JX, Zhang YJ, 2016. Control efficacy of ozone water against the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) and its influences on the growth and seed germination of Chinese chives. Acta Entomol. Sin., 59(12): 1354-1362. [史彩华, 胡静荣, 徐越强, 杨玉婷, 程佳旭, 张友军, 2016. 臭氧水对韭蛆防治效果及韭菜种籽发芽生长的影响. 昆虫学报, 59(12): 1354-1362]
Wu HB, Gong QT, Zhang KP, Zhang XP, Sun RH, 2015. The efficacy of synergism of entomopathogenic nematodes and black sticky cards to Bradysia odoriphaga. J. Plant Prot., 42(4): 632-638. [武海斌, 宫庆涛, 张坤鹏, 张学萍, 孙瑞红, 2015. 昆虫病原线虫与黑色粘板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治. 植物保护学报, 42(4): 632-638]
Wu KM, Guo YY, 1997. The influence of soil moisture content on emergence and cold hardiness of different geographical populations of cotton boll worm. J. Plant Prot., 24(2): 142-146. [吴孔明, 郭予元, 1997. 土壤含水量对不同地理种群棉铃虫羽化及抗寒能力的影响. 植物保护学报, 24(2): 142-146]
Xu L, Zhao TH, Liu PB, Wang Z, Zhong T, Xu GQ, 2016. Effects of humidity and high temperature on development of Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang et Zhang). Liaoning Agric. Sci., (6): 23-25. [徐蕾, 赵彤华, 刘培斌, 王哲, 钟涛, 许国庆, 2016. 湿度和高温对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育影响. 辽宁农业科学, (6): 23-25]
Yang CK, Zhang XM, 1985. Notes on the fragrant onion gnats with descriptions of two new species of Bradysia (Sciaridae, Diptera). Acta Agric. Univ. Pekin., 11(2): 153-157. [杨集昆, 张学敏, 1985. 韭菜蛆的鉴定迟眼蕈蚊属二新种(双翅目: 眼蕈蚊科). 北京农业大学学报, 11(2): 153-157]
Yang YT, Li WX, Xie W, Wu QJ, Xu BY, Wang SL, Li CR, Zhang YJ, 2015. Development of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) as affected by humidity: an age-stage, two-sex, life-table study. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 50(1): 3-10.
Zhang HM, Yin SH, Zhang M, Chen ZF, 2013. Research progress on control techniques of Bradysia odoriphaga. J. Henan Agric. Sci., 42(3): 6-9. [张华敏, 尹守恒, 张明, 陈中府, 2013. 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治技术研究进展. 河南农业科学, 42(3): 6-9]
Zhang XX, Wang YC, Geng JG, Shen JL, 1980. Study on the factors of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) outbreak-relationship between soil moisture and pupation emergence. Entomol. Knowl., 17(1): 9-13. [张孝羲, 王荫长, 耿济国, 沈晋良, 1980. 棉铃虫猖獗因子研究——土壤含水量与化蛹、羽化的关系. 昆虫知识, 17(1): 9-13]
Zheng FQ, Fan YG, Feng JX, 1996. Effects of soil moisture on reproduction of Holotrichia oblita Falderman. Entomol. Knowl., 33(3): 160-162. [郑方强, 范永贵, 冯居贤, 1996. 土壤含水量对大黑鳃金龟生殖的影响. 昆虫知识, 33(3): 160-162]
Zhou XH, Cao X, Shen YF, Zhuang QY, Zhang SC, Yu Y, Zhang AS, 2016. Effects of supplementary nutrition and water on the reproduction and longevity of Bradysia odoriphaga. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol., 53(6): 1205-1210. [周仙红, 曹雪, 沈一凡, 庄乾营, 张思聪, 于毅, 张安盛, 2016. 营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响. 应用昆虫学报, 53(6): 1205-1210]
Chen FJ, Zhai BP, Zhang XX, 2002. Biological habits of tunneling and pupation of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Plant Prot., 28(1): 18-20. [陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲, 2002. 棉铃虫入土化蛹的生物学习性. 植物保护, 28(1): 18-20]
Chen FJ, Zhai BP, Zhang XX, 2003. Effects of soil moisture during pupal stage on population development of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Acta Ecol. Sin., 23(1): 112-121. [陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲, 2003. 棉铃虫蛹期土壤水分对其种群发生的影响. 生态学报, 23(1): 112-121]
Chi H, 1988. Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals. Environ. Entomol., 17(1): 26-34.
Duan XF, Wang XQ, Li PW, Peng P, 2015. Research progress on the effects of several environmental factors on adaptability of insects. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 31(14): 79-82. [段小凤, 王晓庆, 李品武, 彭萍, 2015. 几种环境因子对昆虫适应性影响的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 31(14): 79-82]
Feng HQ, Zheng FQ, 1987. Study on the occurrence and control of Bradysiao doriphaga Yang et Zhang. J. Shandong Agric. Univ., 18(1): 71-80. [冯慧琴, 郑方强, 1987. 韭蛆发生规律与防治研究. 山东农业大学学报, 18(1): 71-80]
Fitt GP, 1989. The ecology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 34: 17-52.
Gao CX, Zhao S, 1996. Advances in biological control of pests. Tianjin Agric. Forest. Tech., (3): 38-44. [高崇省, 赵森, 1996. 害虫生物防治研究进展. 天津农林科技, (3): 38-44]
Han XJ, 1996. The damage habits and prevention method of fragrant onion gnats. Farmer Sci. Tech., (10): 17-18. [韩学俭, 1996. 韭蛆危害习性及防治方法. 农家科技, (10): 17-18]
Ma CS, Ma G, Chang XQ, 2008. Review of research and application in agricultural pest management with extreme high temperature. J. Environ. Entomol., 30(3): 257-264. [马春森, 马罡, 常向前, 2008. 农业害虫高温调控的研究进展. 环境昆虫学报, 30(3): 257-264]
Potter DA, 1983. Effect of soil moisture on oviposition, water absorption, and survival of masked chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) eggs. Environ. Entomol., 12(4): 1223-1227.
Shi CH, Hu JR, Xu YQ, Yang YT, Cheng JX, Zhang YJ, 2016. Control efficacy of ozone water against the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) and its influences on the growth and seed germination of Chinese chives. Acta Entomol. Sin., 59(12): 1354-1362. [史彩华, 胡静荣, 徐越强, 杨玉婷, 程佳旭, 张友军, 2016. 臭氧水对韭蛆防治效果及韭菜种籽发芽生长的影响. 昆虫学报, 59(12): 1354-1362]
Wu HB, Gong QT, Zhang KP, Zhang XP, Sun RH, 2015. The efficacy of synergism of entomopathogenic nematodes and black sticky cards to Bradysia odoriphaga. J. Plant Prot., 42(4): 632-638. [武海斌, 宫庆涛, 张坤鹏, 张学萍, 孙瑞红, 2015. 昆虫病原线虫与黑色粘板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治. 植物保护学报, 42(4): 632-638]
Wu KM, Guo YY, 1997. The influence of soil moisture content on emergence and cold hardiness of different geographical populations of cotton boll worm. J. Plant Prot., 24(2): 142-146. [吴孔明, 郭予元, 1997. 土壤含水量对不同地理种群棉铃虫羽化及抗寒能力的影响. 植物保护学报, 24(2): 142-146]
Xu L, Zhao TH, Liu PB, Wang Z, Zhong T, Xu GQ, 2016. Effects of humidity and high temperature on development of Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang et Zhang). Liaoning Agric. Sci., (6): 23-25. [徐蕾, 赵彤华, 刘培斌, 王哲, 钟涛, 许国庆, 2016. 湿度和高温对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育影响. 辽宁农业科学, (6): 23-25]
Yang CK, Zhang XM, 1985. Notes on the fragrant onion gnats with descriptions of two new species of Bradysia (Sciaridae, Diptera). Acta Agric. Univ. Pekin., 11(2): 153-157. [杨集昆, 张学敏, 1985. 韭菜蛆的鉴定迟眼蕈蚊属二新种(双翅目: 眼蕈蚊科). 北京农业大学学报, 11(2): 153-157]
Yang YT, Li WX, Xie W, Wu QJ, Xu BY, Wang SL, Li CR, Zhang YJ, 2015. Development of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) as affected by humidity: an age-stage, two-sex, life-table study. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 50(1): 3-10.
Zhang HM, Yin SH, Zhang M, Chen ZF, 2013. Research progress on control techniques of Bradysia odoriphaga. J. Henan Agric. Sci., 42(3): 6-9. [张华敏, 尹守恒, 张明, 陈中府, 2013. 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治技术研究进展. 河南农业科学, 42(3): 6-9]
Zhang XX, Wang YC, Geng JG, Shen JL, 1980. Study on the factors of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) outbreak-relationship between soil moisture and pupation emergence. Entomol. Knowl., 17(1): 9-13. [张孝羲, 王荫长, 耿济国, 沈晋良, 1980. 棉铃虫猖獗因子研究——土壤含水量与化蛹、羽化的关系. 昆虫知识, 17(1): 9-13]
Zheng FQ, Fan YG, Feng JX, 1996. Effects of soil moisture on reproduction of Holotrichia oblita Falderman. Entomol. Knowl., 33(3): 160-162. [郑方强, 范永贵, 冯居贤, 1996. 土壤含水量对大黑鳃金龟生殖的影响. 昆虫知识, 33(3): 160-162]
Zhou XH, Cao X, Shen YF, Zhuang QY, Zhang SC, Yu Y, Zhang AS, 2016. Effects of supplementary nutrition and water on the reproduction and longevity of Bradysia odoriphaga. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol., 53(6): 1205-1210. [周仙红, 曹雪, 沈一凡, 庄乾营, 张思聪, 于毅, 张安盛, 2016. 营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响. 应用昆虫学报, 53(6): 1205-1210]