塔里木盆地志留系碎屑岩孔隙成因类型定量分析——以顺9井柯坪塔格组为例
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摘要
碎屑岩储层孔隙主要成因类型鉴别,影响到进一步勘探时对储层预测方向的判断。塔里木盆地志留系储层大多为原生—次生复合孔和微孔,仅仅根据铸体薄片观察统计往往难以正确鉴别其主要孔隙成因类型。以顺9井志留系储层为例,在铸体薄片观察统计的基础上,根据相似岩性在相似埋藏条件下,原生孔隙受压实衰减程度相近,其残余原生孔含量相近的原理,综合分析埋深相近层段储层岩石学特征和实测孔隙度,定量化分析该储层段不同成因类型孔隙的含量。统计表明,顺9井志留系储层中原生残余粒间孔含量小于4.6%(实测孔隙度3.2%~14.6%);现今发育的中—低孔储层,主要是叠加了次生溶蚀孔形成的,孔隙度相对较高的储层以次生孔为主。该定量化分析方法可正确判别储层孔隙类型。
The identification of pore genetic types in clastic reservoirs affects reservoir prediction. The Silurian reservoirs in the Tarim Basin mainly include primary-secondary composite pores and micro-pores. It is difficult to identify their genetic types by conventional cast thin section observation. A case study was made in the Silurian reservoirs in well Shun9 based on cast thin section observations. Primary pores decrease to a similar extent under compression in formations of similar lithologies buried to similar conditions,resulting in similar residual primary pore contents. We studied the lithologic features and measured porosity of formations with similar burial depths,and quantitatively determined the contents of pores of different genetic types. Primary residual intergranular pores account for less than 4.6%( measured porosity 3.2%-14.6%) in the Silurian reservoirs in well Shun9. Present reservoirs with medium and low porosities were formed due to secondary dissolution,and the reservoirs with high porosities were mainly composed of secondary pores. The quantitative analysis is helpful for the identification of pore genetic types.
The identification of pore genetic types in clastic reservoirs affects reservoir prediction. The Silurian reservoirs in the Tarim Basin mainly include primary-secondary composite pores and micro-pores. It is difficult to identify their genetic types by conventional cast thin section observation. A case study was made in the Silurian reservoirs in well Shun9 based on cast thin section observations. Primary pores decrease to a similar extent under compression in formations of similar lithologies buried to similar conditions,resulting in similar residual primary pore contents. We studied the lithologic features and measured porosity of formations with similar burial depths,and quantitatively determined the contents of pores of different genetic types. Primary residual intergranular pores account for less than 4.6%( measured porosity 3.2%-14.6%) in the Silurian reservoirs in well Shun9. Present reservoirs with medium and low porosities were formed due to secondary dissolution,and the reservoirs with high porosities were mainly composed of secondary pores. The quantitative analysis is helpful for the identification of pore genetic types.
引文
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[17]毛庆言,尚凯,吕海涛,等.满加尔坳陷西南部柯坪塔格组下段潮汐沉积特征[J].断块油气田,2014,21(4):420-423.Mao Qingyan,Shang Kai,Lv Haitao,et al.Depositional characteristics of tidal deposits for Lower Member of Kepingtage Formation in southwestern Manjiaer Depression[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(4):420-423.
[18]蔡春芳,顾家峪,蔡洪美.塔中地区志留系烃类侵位对成岩作用的影响[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):60-63.Cai Chunfang,Gu Jiayu,Cai Hongmei.Effect of hydrocarbon emplacement on diagenesis of Silurian sandstone of central Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):60-63.
[19]陈强路,范明,郑伦举.油气充注对塔中志留系沥青砂岩储集性影响的模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):348-359.Chen Qianglu,Fan Ming,Zheng Lunju.Laboratory simulation of oil/gas filling into Silurian asphalt sandstones and its impact on reservoir quality in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(3):348-359.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄,等.塔中地区志留系砂岩中孔隙游离烃和包裹体烃对比研究及油源对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):25-27.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Comparative study of free hydrocarbons in pores with inclusion hydrocarbons and oil source rock correlation for Silurian sandstone in Tazhong area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(1):25-27.
[2]王萍,刘洛夫,李燕,等.塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组上3亚段储层特征及与油气分布的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):174-180.Wang Ping,Liu Luofu,Li Yan,et al.Reservoir characteristics of the 3rd upper sub-member of the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong area and their relations to oil and gas distribution[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):174-180.
[3]李红南,魏垂高,张世奇,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系成藏控制因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(3):43-49.Li Hongnan,Wei Chuigao,Zhang Shiqi,et al.Control factors of Silurian system reservoir forming in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(3):43-49.
[4]张惠良,王招明,张荣虎,等.塔里木盆地志留系优质储层控制因素与勘探方向选择[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(5):21-25.Zhang Huiliang,Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Ronghu,et al.Controlling factors of Silurian high-quality reservoirs in Tarim Basin and selection of exploration direction[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2004,9(5):21-25.
[5]王少依,张惠良,寿建峰,等.塔中隆起北斜坡志留系储层特征及控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(2):148-152.Wang Shaoyi,Zhang Huiliang,Shou Jianfeng,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of Silurian reservoir in northern slope of central uplift in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2004,31(2):148-152.
[6]赵姗姗,张哨楠,万友利.塔中顺托果勒低隆区柯坪塔格组长石溶蚀及对储层的影响[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(3):293-299.Zhao Shanshan,Zhang Shaonan,Wan Youli.Feldspar dissolution and its effect on reservoir in Kepingtage Formation,Shuntuoguole Low Uplift,central Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(3):293-299.
[7]王根长.塔里木盆地碎屑岩储层基本特征[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(1):62-66,83.Wang Genchang.Characteristics of clastic reservoirs in the Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2001,23(1):62-66,83.
[8]朱筱敏,顾家裕,贾进华,等.塔里木盆地重点层系储盖层评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Zhu Xiaomin,Gu Jiayu,Jia Jinhua,et al.The major formations evaluation of reservoir and cap rock in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[9]王恕一.砂岩储层次生孔隙定量统计的新方法[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):188-191.Wang Shuyi.A new method of quantitative statistics of secondary pores in sandstone reservoirs[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):188-191.
[10]叶德胜,王恕一,张希明,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部储层沉积成岩特征及储层评价[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1995.Ye Desheng,Wang Shuyi,Zhang Ximing,et al.Characteristics of sedimentary and diagenesis and reservoir evaluation in northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[M].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1995.
[11]孙乃泉,云露,蒲仁海,等.塔里木盆地顺9井区柯坪塔格组下段沉积微相与储层展布[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(6):1716-1724.Sun Naiquan,Yun Lu,Pu Renhai,et al.The microfacies and reservoir distribution of the lower member of Kepingtage Formation in Shun 9 well area in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2013,43(6):1716-1724.
[12]朱如凯,罗平,何东博,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积相与沉积模式[J].古地理学报,2005,7(2):197-198.Zhu Rukai,Luo Ping,He Dongbo,et al.Sedimentary facies and models of the Kepingtage Formation of Silurian in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(2):197-198.
[13]丁梦,樊太亮,高志前,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组下沥青砂岩段沉积相分析[J].现代地质,2012,26(2):343-346.Ding Meng,Fan Tailiang,Gao Zhiqian,et al.Sedimentary facies analysis of the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone member of Kepingtage Formation,Silurian in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2012,26(2):343-346.
[14]张鑫,张金亮,覃利娟.塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩岩石学特征与物源分析[J].矿物岩石[J].2007,27(3):106-115.Zhang Xin,Zhang Jinliang,Qin Lijuan.Petrological characteristics and provenance analysis of sandstones in the Kepingtage Formation of Silurian in the Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2007,27(3):106-115.
[15]钟大康,朱筱敏,周新源,等.次生孔隙形成期次与溶蚀机理:以塔中地区志留系沥青砂岩为例[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):20-24.Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Phases of secondary pore generation and dissolution mechanism:Taking Silurian asphaltic sandstone in central Tarim Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):20-24.
[16]徐燕军,于炳松,钟大康.塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(27):29-32.Xu Yanjun,Yu Bingsong,Zhong Dakang.Sedimentary facies of Kepingtage Formation of Silurian system in Tazhong area Tarim Basin[J].Science and Technology Review,2012,30(27):29-32.
[17]毛庆言,尚凯,吕海涛,等.满加尔坳陷西南部柯坪塔格组下段潮汐沉积特征[J].断块油气田,2014,21(4):420-423.Mao Qingyan,Shang Kai,Lv Haitao,et al.Depositional characteristics of tidal deposits for Lower Member of Kepingtage Formation in southwestern Manjiaer Depression[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(4):420-423.
[18]蔡春芳,顾家峪,蔡洪美.塔中地区志留系烃类侵位对成岩作用的影响[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):60-63.Cai Chunfang,Gu Jiayu,Cai Hongmei.Effect of hydrocarbon emplacement on diagenesis of Silurian sandstone of central Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):60-63.
[19]陈强路,范明,郑伦举.油气充注对塔中志留系沥青砂岩储集性影响的模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):348-359.Chen Qianglu,Fan Ming,Zheng Lunju.Laboratory simulation of oil/gas filling into Silurian asphalt sandstones and its impact on reservoir quality in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(3):348-359.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄,等.塔中地区志留系砂岩中孔隙游离烃和包裹体烃对比研究及油源对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):25-27.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Comparative study of free hydrocarbons in pores with inclusion hydrocarbons and oil source rock correlation for Silurian sandstone in Tazhong area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(1):25-27.