春玉米叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分的阈值响应及其生产力分级
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摘要
试验设正常灌水处理和干旱胁迫处理,讨论春玉米叶片的光合生理参数对土壤水分的阈值响应并进行生产力分级。结果表明:正常灌水处理的叶片光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)呈单峰曲线变化,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)和气孔限制值(L_s)对水分变化具有相反的响应变化。干旱胁迫处理下叶片的P_n、T_r在进行控水后明显下降,灌浆以前P_n下降主要是由气孔限制引起的。随着水分胁迫的加剧,光合结构受损,P_n下降,主要受非气孔因素限制。短期干旱胁迫会适当降低玉米的水分利用效率(WUE),但是下降程度不显著,WUE能达到中等水平。长期严重的水分胁迫后,WUE下降明显,与正常灌水处理相比差异极显著。以光合生理参数为指标对玉米土壤水分有效性及生产力进行分级与评价,确定当36. 8%<土壤相对湿度(RWC)<42. 7%时为低产低效水;42. 7% Two modes including normal irrigation treatment and water stress treatment were designed in this experiment to discuss the threshold responses of leaf photosynthetic physiological parameters of spring maize to soil moisture and its productivity classification. The results showed that the change curves of photosynthetic rate (P_n),transpiration rate (T_r) and stomata conductance (G_s) were unimodal under normal irrigation treatment. The response of intercellular CO_2 concentration (C_i) to soil moisture was opposite to that of stomata limitation (L_s). The P_nand T_rvalues were significantly decreased under water stress treatment,and the reduction of P_nvalue was mainly caused by the stomata limitation before grain-filling. As the degree of water stress was aggravated and the photosynthetic structure was damaged,the reduction of P_nwas mainly caused by non-stomata limitation. Short-term water stress reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) of maize plant appropriately,which,however,was not significant,and the WUE could be reached a medium level. After a long-term and serious water stress,the WUE was decreased significantly compared to the situation under normal irrigation. Based on the photosynthetic physiological parameters,the soil moisture availability and the productivity of maize were classified and evaluated. The relative water content (RWC) ranging from 36. 8% to 42. 7% was classified as the low-yield and low-efficiency water treatment,that from 42. 7% to 60. 4% as the medium-yield and medium-efficiency one,that from 60. 4% to 77. 5% as the mediumyield and high-efficiency one,and that from 77. 5% to 80. 6% as the high-yield and high-efficiency one. It was observed that the RWC about 77. 5% was optimal.
引文
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[15]张淑勇,夏江宝,张光灿,等.黄刺玫叶片光合生理参数的土壤水分阈值响应及其生产力分级[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2 519-2 528.[Zhang Shuyong,Xia Jiangbao,Zhang Guangcan,et al.Threshold effect of soil moisture on photosynthetic and physiological parameters in Rosa xanthina L.and its photosynthetic productivity classification[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2 519-2 528.]
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[17]王荣荣.贝壳堤岛3种灌木叶片光合作用的水分响应性研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.[Wang Rongrong.Response Characteristics of Photosynthesis to Soil Water in Leaves of Three Shrubs Species in Shell Islands of Yellow River Delta[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.]
[18]张志川.用最优分割聚类法确定土壤水分胁迫阈值[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,23(5):29-31.[Zhang Zhichuan,Determining of soil water stress threshold value with optimum partitioning clustering method[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,23(5):29-31.]
[19]罗亚勇,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):648-655.[Luo Yayong,Zhao Xueyong,Huang Yingxin,et al.Research progress on plant water use efficiency and its measuring methods[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(4):648-655.]
[20]杨司睿,范井伟,孙永强,等.罗布泊腹地人工植被梭梭的光学特性及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):379-386.[Yang Sirui,Fan Jingwei,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and response of Haloxylon ammodendron to drought stress in hinterland of the Lop Nur[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):379-386.]
[21]Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomata conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant physiology,1982,33(3):317-345.
[22]高冠龙,冯起,张小由,等.植物叶片光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制研究综述[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):929-937.[Gao Guanlong,Feng Qi,Zhang Xiaoyou,et al.An overview of stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis of plants[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):929-937.]
[2]朱景嵩.玉米灌溉技术[J].现代农村科技,2010(22):101.[Zhu Jingsong.Maize irrigation technology[J].Xiandai Nongcun Keji,2010(22):101.]
[3]胡文俊.石羊河流域水资源利用和生态环境保护对策[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):969-973.[Hu Wenjun.Counter measures of water resources utilization and ecological protection of Shiyang River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2007,30(6):969-973.]
[4]陈霏,王润元,王鹤龄,等.干旱胁迫下春小麦干物质积累和分配及其模拟[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1 418-1 425.[Chen Fei,Wang Runyuan,Wang Heling,et al.Dry matter accumulation and distribution of spring wheat under drought stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1 418-1 425.]
[5]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.[Yu Wenying,Ji Ruipeng,Feng Rui,et al.Response of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of maize leaves in different growth stage[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.]
[6]刘祖贵,陈金平,段爱旺,等.不同土壤水分处理对夏玉米叶片光合等生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):90-95.[Liu Zugui,Chen Jinping,Duan Aiwang,et al.Effects of different soil moisture treatments on physiological characteristics of summer maize leaves[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(1):90-95.]
[7]张兴华,高杰,杜伟莉,等.干旱胁迫对玉米品种苗期叶片光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):154-159.[Zhang Xinghua,Gao Jie,Du Weili,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics of maize hybrids at seedling stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(1):154-159.]
[8]杜伟莉,高杰,胡福亮,等.玉米叶片光合作用和渗透调节对干旱胁迫的响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(3):530-536.[Du Weili,Gao Jie,Hu Fuliang,et al.Responses of drought stress on photosynthetic trait and osmotic adjustment in two maize cultivars[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(3):530-536.]
[9]李淑文,于淼,杜建云,等.不同灌水处理下土壤水分动态及玉米水分利用效率研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(4):17-21.[Li Shuwen,Yu Miao,Du Jianyun,et al.Effects of different irrigation on soil water dynamics and water use efficiency in corn[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2010,33(4):17-21.]
[10]任丽雯,王兴涛,刘明春,等.干旱胁迫对土壤水分动态及玉米水分利用效率影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(32):142-147.[Ren Liwen,Wang Xingtao,Liu Mingchun,et al.Effects of drought stress on soil moisture dynamics and water use efficiency in corn[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(32):142-147.]
[11]吴巍.灌溉与种植方式对冬小麦和夏玉米耗水规律及生长发育影响的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.[Wu Wei.Study on Effects of Irrigation and Planting Patterns on Water Consumption Rules,Growth and Development of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2006.]
[12]远红伟,陆引罡,崔保伟,等.玉米生长发育及生理特性对水分胁迫的感应关系[J].华北农学报,2008,23(增刊):109-113.[Yuan Hongwei,Lu Yingang,Cui Baowei,et al.The reaction relation between the growth and physiological characteristics of corn and water stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2008,23(Suppl.):109-113.]
[13]任丽雯,马兴祥.石羊河流域水分胁迫对玉米生长发育指标和产量的影响[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):760-764.[Ren Liwen,Ma Xingxiang.Effects of water stress on growth index and yield of maize in Shiyang River Basin[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2014,32(5):760-764.]
[14]谭国波,赵立群,张丽华.玉米拔节期水分胁迫对植株性状、光合生理及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(1):96-98.[Tan Guobo,Zhao Liqun,Zhang Lihua,et al.Effects of different water stresses on plant character,photosynthetic physiology and yield in maize jointing stage[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2010,18(1):96-98.]
[15]张淑勇,夏江宝,张光灿,等.黄刺玫叶片光合生理参数的土壤水分阈值响应及其生产力分级[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2 519-2 528.[Zhang Shuyong,Xia Jiangbao,Zhang Guangcan,et al.Threshold effect of soil moisture on photosynthetic and physiological parameters in Rosa xanthina L.and its photosynthetic productivity classification[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2 519-2 528.]
[16]夏江宝,张光灿,孙景宽,等.山杏叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分和光照强度的阈值效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(3):322-329.[Xia Jiangbao,Zhang Guangcan,Sun Jingkuan,et al.Threshold effects of photosynthetic and physiological parameters in Prunus sibirica to soil moisture and light intensity[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(3):322-329.]
[17]王荣荣.贝壳堤岛3种灌木叶片光合作用的水分响应性研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.[Wang Rongrong.Response Characteristics of Photosynthesis to Soil Water in Leaves of Three Shrubs Species in Shell Islands of Yellow River Delta[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.]
[18]张志川.用最优分割聚类法确定土壤水分胁迫阈值[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,23(5):29-31.[Zhang Zhichuan,Determining of soil water stress threshold value with optimum partitioning clustering method[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,23(5):29-31.]
[19]罗亚勇,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):648-655.[Luo Yayong,Zhao Xueyong,Huang Yingxin,et al.Research progress on plant water use efficiency and its measuring methods[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(4):648-655.]
[20]杨司睿,范井伟,孙永强,等.罗布泊腹地人工植被梭梭的光学特性及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):379-386.[Yang Sirui,Fan Jingwei,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and response of Haloxylon ammodendron to drought stress in hinterland of the Lop Nur[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):379-386.]
[21]Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomata conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant physiology,1982,33(3):317-345.
[22]高冠龙,冯起,张小由,等.植物叶片光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制研究综述[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):929-937.[Gao Guanlong,Feng Qi,Zhang Xiaoyou,et al.An overview of stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis of plants[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):929-937.]