兴凯湖大银鱼食物组成与食性转化
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摘要
该文于2010年6月—2011年1月逐月分析中俄界湖兴凯湖外来种大银鱼食性,结果发现,大银鱼主要摄食枝角类、桡足类、虾类和鱼类。6月份大银鱼体长<60 mm,以枝角类和桡足类为食,7月份体长>60 mm群组、8月份体长>80 mm群组、9月份体长>100 mm群组与10月及之后体长>120 mm群组等的食谱中均出现鱼类,且优势种类为大银鱼和属鱼类。该摄食鱼类的大银鱼最小体长随季节而增加的现象,与饵料鱼类生长导致的食物资源可得性变动密切相关。
Diet compositions of alien clearhead icefish(Protosalanx hyalocranius)in Lake Xingkai were investigated monthly from June 2010 through January 2011. Protosalanx hyalocranius preyed mainly on cladoceran, copepoda, shrimp, and larvae or juvenile fish. In June, P. Hyalocranius were smaller than 60 mm standard length(SL), and their diets were composed of zooplankton only. In July, fish began to appear infrequently in the diet of P. Hyalocranius larger than 60 mm SL, and by August fish was occurring in the diets of P. hyalocranius larger than 80 mm, 100 mm in September, and 120 mm in October and thereafter, respectively. The increase in the minimum SL of P. hyalocranius preying on fish within a given season reflects changes in resource availability, largely attributed to the corresponding increase in prey fish size as seasons progress. Protosalanx hyalocranius and Hemiculter sp. were the dominant prey fish in the diets of P. hyalocranius.
Diet compositions of alien clearhead icefish(Protosalanx hyalocranius)in Lake Xingkai were investigated monthly from June 2010 through January 2011. Protosalanx hyalocranius preyed mainly on cladoceran, copepoda, shrimp, and larvae or juvenile fish. In June, P. Hyalocranius were smaller than 60 mm standard length(SL), and their diets were composed of zooplankton only. In July, fish began to appear infrequently in the diet of P. Hyalocranius larger than 60 mm SL, and by August fish was occurring in the diets of P. hyalocranius larger than 80 mm, 100 mm in September, and 120 mm in October and thereafter, respectively. The increase in the minimum SL of P. hyalocranius preying on fish within a given season reflects changes in resource availability, largely attributed to the corresponding increase in prey fish size as seasons progress. Protosalanx hyalocranius and Hemiculter sp. were the dominant prey fish in the diets of P. hyalocranius.
引文
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Liao HS,Pierce CL,Larscheid JG.2001.Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,130(4):583-591.
Pan Y,Cao WX,Xu LP,Yin SR,Bai L.2007.Process,mechanism,and research method of fish invasion.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(3):687-692.[潘勇,曹文宣,徐立蒲,殷守仁,白璐.2007.鱼类入侵的过程、机制及研究方法.应用生态学报,18(3):687-692.]
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Tang FJ,Liu W,Wang JL,Xie SG.2011.Fish composition in Lake Xingkai(Khanka)and Lake Mini-xingkai.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,24(3):40 -47.[唐富江,刘伟,王继隆,谢松光.2011.兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成及差异分析.水产学杂志,24(3):40-47.]
Tang FJ,Liu W,Wang JL,Brown A.2013.On the occurrence of the clearhead icefish,Protosalanx hyaloranius(Salmoniformes:Salangidae),in the Songhua River,the largest tributary of Amur River.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,29(1):237-238.
Tang ZP,Xie H,Xie YH,Li B,Li XY,Duan KM,Yuan FR,Sun YQ.2002.Comparative study on the population ecology of Asian smelt(Hypomesus transpacificus nipponesis)and large icefish(Protosalanx hyalocranius)in Shuifeng Reservoir.Journal of Lake Sciences,14(2):152-158.[唐作鹏,解涵,解玉浩,李勃,李兴友,段开明,袁福荣,孙亚权.2002.水丰水库亚洲公鱼和大银鱼种群生态的比较研究.湖泊科学,14(2):152-158.]
Wainwright PC,Richard BA.1995.Predicting patterns of prey use from morphology of fishes.Environmental Biology of Fishes,44(1-3):97-113.
Wang XL,Xiang JG,Liu JS,Liu M,Wu L,Murphy BR,Xie SG.2013.Reduced growth and reproductive investment of Hemiculter leucisculus(Cyprinidae)in a reservoir with introduced icefish Neosalanx taihuensis(Salangidae).Environmental Biology of Fishes,96(7):895-903.
Wang ZS,Fu CZ,Lei GC.2002.Biodiversity of Chinese icefishes(Salangidae)and their conserving strategies.Biodiversity Sciences,10(4):416 -424.[王忠锁,傅萃长,雷光春.2002.中国银鱼的生物多样性及其保护对策.生物多样性,10(4):416-424.]
Xie YH,Xie H.1997.Classification,distribution,and population ecology of Salangidae fishes.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,10(2):11-19.[解玉浩,解涵.1997.银鱼科鱼类的分类分布和种群生态.水产学杂志,10(2):11-19.]
Zhang JM,He ZH.1991.Handbook for Natural Resources Investigation on Inland Fisheries.Beijing:Agriculture Press.[张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:农业出版社.]
Zhang KX,Zhuang DD,Zhang L,Gao CL,Zhang JY,Xu AZ.1981.On the Protosalanx hyalocranius and its propagation in Hongze Hu.Journal of Fisheries of China,5(1):29-39.[张开翔,庄大栋,张立,高礼存,张静仪,徐爱珍.1981.洪泽湖所产大银鱼生物学及其增殖的研究.水产学报,5(1):29-39.]
Zhu CD.1985.A preliminary study on growth and feeding habits of icefish in Taihu Lake.Journal of Fisheries of China,9(3):275-287.[朱成德.1985.太湖大银鱼生长与食性的初步研究.水产学报,9(3):275-287.]
Hyslop EJ.1980.Stomach contents analysis-a review of methods and their application.Journal of Fish Biology,17(4):411-429.
Li SW,Wang DW,Xu YF,Luo ML,Jiang GM.2002.Status of icefish transplanting and stocking in China and the developing countermeasures.Journal of Ocean University of Zhanjiang,22(4):78-82.[李生武,王冬武,徐永福,罗梦良,蒋国民.2002.我国银鱼移植增殖现状及发展对策.湛江海洋大学学报,22(4):78-82.]
Liao HS,Pierce CL,Larscheid JG.2001.Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,130(4):583-591.
Pan Y,Cao WX,Xu LP,Yin SR,Bai L.2007.Process,mechanism,and research method of fish invasion.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(3):687-692.[潘勇,曹文宣,徐立蒲,殷守仁,白璐.2007.鱼类入侵的过程、机制及研究方法.应用生态学报,18(3):687-692.]
Rong CK,Yue BY.1997.A preliminary study of the feeding habits of Tianjin Eperlanus chinensis Basilewsky at the neonate and infant stage of life.Journal of Tianjin Agricultural College,4(4):11-14.[荣长宽,岳炳宜.1997.天津大银鱼仔鱼和幼鱼食性的初步研究.天津农学院学报,4(4):11-14.]
Shen QZ.1990.In low temperature keep the embryo of Protosalanx hyalocranius.Zoological Research,11(3):258.[沈其璋.1990.大银鱼胚胎的低温保存.动物学研究,11(3):258.]
Svirsky VG,Barabanshchikov EI.2010.Biological invasions as an element of anthropogenic pressure upon the aquatic biotic communities in Lake Khanka.Russian Journal of Biological Invasions,1(1):21-25.
Tang FJ,Liu W,Wang JL,Xie SG.2011.Fish composition in Lake Xingkai(Khanka)and Lake Mini-xingkai.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,24(3):40 -47.[唐富江,刘伟,王继隆,谢松光.2011.兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成及差异分析.水产学杂志,24(3):40-47.]
Tang FJ,Liu W,Wang JL,Brown A.2013.On the occurrence of the clearhead icefish,Protosalanx hyaloranius(Salmoniformes:Salangidae),in the Songhua River,the largest tributary of Amur River.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,29(1):237-238.
Tang ZP,Xie H,Xie YH,Li B,Li XY,Duan KM,Yuan FR,Sun YQ.2002.Comparative study on the population ecology of Asian smelt(Hypomesus transpacificus nipponesis)and large icefish(Protosalanx hyalocranius)in Shuifeng Reservoir.Journal of Lake Sciences,14(2):152-158.[唐作鹏,解涵,解玉浩,李勃,李兴友,段开明,袁福荣,孙亚权.2002.水丰水库亚洲公鱼和大银鱼种群生态的比较研究.湖泊科学,14(2):152-158.]
Wainwright PC,Richard BA.1995.Predicting patterns of prey use from morphology of fishes.Environmental Biology of Fishes,44(1-3):97-113.
Wang XL,Xiang JG,Liu JS,Liu M,Wu L,Murphy BR,Xie SG.2013.Reduced growth and reproductive investment of Hemiculter leucisculus(Cyprinidae)in a reservoir with introduced icefish Neosalanx taihuensis(Salangidae).Environmental Biology of Fishes,96(7):895-903.
Wang ZS,Fu CZ,Lei GC.2002.Biodiversity of Chinese icefishes(Salangidae)and their conserving strategies.Biodiversity Sciences,10(4):416 -424.[王忠锁,傅萃长,雷光春.2002.中国银鱼的生物多样性及其保护对策.生物多样性,10(4):416-424.]
Xie YH,Xie H.1997.Classification,distribution,and population ecology of Salangidae fishes.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,10(2):11-19.[解玉浩,解涵.1997.银鱼科鱼类的分类分布和种群生态.水产学杂志,10(2):11-19.]
Zhang JM,He ZH.1991.Handbook for Natural Resources Investigation on Inland Fisheries.Beijing:Agriculture Press.[张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:农业出版社.]
Zhang KX,Zhuang DD,Zhang L,Gao CL,Zhang JY,Xu AZ.1981.On the Protosalanx hyalocranius and its propagation in Hongze Hu.Journal of Fisheries of China,5(1):29-39.[张开翔,庄大栋,张立,高礼存,张静仪,徐爱珍.1981.洪泽湖所产大银鱼生物学及其增殖的研究.水产学报,5(1):29-39.]
Zhu CD.1985.A preliminary study on growth and feeding habits of icefish in Taihu Lake.Journal of Fisheries of China,9(3):275-287.[朱成德.1985.太湖大银鱼生长与食性的初步研究.水产学报,9(3):275-287.]