青少年网络被欺负与自杀意念的关系:自尊和情绪应对方式的链式中介作用
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摘要
为探讨青少年网络被欺负、自尊、情绪应对方式和自杀意念的关系,采用网络被欺负量表、自尊量表、中学生应对方式量表和自杀意念量表对来自湖北、河南、安徽三省六所高中的802名高一学生进行调查,结果发现:网络被欺负直接影响自杀意念,且存在三条间接路径:通过自尊的单独中介作用影响自杀意念;通过情绪应对方式的单独中介作用影响自杀意念;通过自尊和情绪应对方式的链式中介作用影响自杀意念。研究有助于了解青少年网络被欺负对自杀意念的影响机制,对预防以及减少青少年自杀行为具有一定的现实意义。
Suicide is a major social and public health problem which facing the world. In present study,we tested the chain mediating roles of self-esteem and emotional coping style between cyber-victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents. 819 questionnaires were issued and 802 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The research tools were "Cyber-victimization Scale","Self-esteem Scale","Coping Style Scale"and "Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation". The results indicated that: Cyber-victimization affects suicidal ideation through three indirect paths: through the mediating role of self-esteem; through the mediating role of emotional coping style; through the chain mediating role of both self-esteem and emotional coping style. Therefore,cyber-victimization not only directly affected adolescents' suicidal ideation,but also indirectly influenced their suicidal ideation through the multiple mediating effects of self-esteem and emotional coping style. In summary,this study uncovered the mechanism underlying the relationship between cyber-victimization and suicidal,which contributes to the understanding of the complex mechanism between cyber-victimization and its outcomes.
Suicide is a major social and public health problem which facing the world. In present study,we tested the chain mediating roles of self-esteem and emotional coping style between cyber-victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents. 819 questionnaires were issued and 802 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The research tools were "Cyber-victimization Scale","Self-esteem Scale","Coping Style Scale"and "Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation". The results indicated that: Cyber-victimization affects suicidal ideation through three indirect paths: through the mediating role of self-esteem; through the mediating role of emotional coping style; through the chain mediating role of both self-esteem and emotional coping style. Therefore,cyber-victimization not only directly affected adolescents' suicidal ideation,but also indirectly influenced their suicidal ideation through the multiple mediating effects of self-esteem and emotional coping style. In summary,this study uncovered the mechanism underlying the relationship between cyber-victimization and suicidal,which contributes to the understanding of the complex mechanism between cyber-victimization and its outcomes.
引文
Aoyama,I.,Saxon,T.F.,&Fearon,D.D.(2011).Internalizing problems among cyberbullying victims and moderator effects of friendship quality.Multicultural Education&Technology Journal,5(2),92-105.
Baumeister,R.F.,Smart,L.,&Boden,J.M.(1996).Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression:The dark side of high self-esteem.Psychological Review,103(1),5-33.
Beck,A.T.(1968).Depression:Clinical,experimental and theoretical aspects.Jama the Journal of the American Medical Association,203(13),1144.
Cassidy,W.,Faucher,C.,&Jackson,M.(2013).Cyberbullying among youth:A comprehensive review of current international research and its implications and application to policy and practice.School Psychology International,34(6),575-612.
Cénat,J.M.,Hébert,M.,Blais,M.,Lavoie,F.,Guerrier,M.,&Derivois,D.(2014).Cyberbullying,psychological distress and selfesteem among youth in Quebec schools.Journal of Affective Disorders,169,7-9.
Edwards,M.J.,&Holden,R.R.(2001).Coping,meaning in life,and suicidal manifestations:Examining gender differences.Journal of Clinical Psychology,57(12),1517-1534.
Folkman,S.,&Lazarus,R.S.(1980).An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample.Journal of Health&Social Behavior,21(3),219-239.
Gini,G.,&Espelage,D.L.(2014).Peer victimization,cyberbullying,and suicide risk in children and adolescents.Jama,312(5),545-546.
Hinduja,S.,&Patchin,J.W.(2010).Bullying,cyberbullying,and suicide.Archives of Suicide Research Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research,14(3),206.
Ireland,J.L.,Boustead,R.,&Ireland,C.A.(2005).Coping style and psychological health among adolescent prisoners:A study of young and juvenile offenders.Journal of Adolescence,28(3),411.
Johnson,J.,Gooding,P.,&Tarrier,N.(2008).Suicide risk in schizophrenia:Explanatory models and clinical implications,The Schematic Appraisal Model of Suicide(SAMS).Psychology and Psychotherapy:Theory,Research and Practice,81(1),55-77.
Kong,D.T.(2016).Ostracism perception as a multiplicative function of trait self-esteem,mindfulness,and facial emotion recognition ability.Personality and Individual Differences,93,68-73.
Konick,Lisa C,&Gutierrez,Peter M.(2005).Testing a model of suicide ideation in college students.Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior,35(2),181-92.
Kowalski,R.M.,Giumetti,G.W.,Schroeder,A.N.,&Lattanner,M.R.(2014).Bullying in the digital age:a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth.Psychological Bulletin,140(4),1073.
Kraft,E.(2006).Cyberbullying:a worldwide trend of misusing technology to harass others.Internet Society II Advances in Education Commerce&Governance,36,155-166.
Mishna,F.,Saini,M.,&Solomon,S.(2009).Ongoing and online:Children and youth’s perceptions of cyber bullying.Children and Youth Services Review,31(12),1222-1228.
Mitchell,S.M.,Seegan,P.L.,Roush,J.F.,Brown,S.L.,SustaaTa,M.A.,&Cukrowicz,K.C.(2016).Retrospective cyberbullying and suicide ideation:The mediating roles of depressive symptoms,perceived burdensomeness,and thwarted belongingness.JInterpers Violence,33(16),2602-2620.
Mullis,R.L.,&Chapman,P.(2000).Age,gender,and self-esteem differences in adolescent coping styles.Journal of Social Psychology,140(4),539-541.
O’Connor,R.C.(2011).Towards an integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour.International handbook of suicide prevention:Research,policy and practice,1,181-198.
Ozdemiroglu,F.,Memis,C.O.,Meydan,N.,Dogan,B.,Kilic,S.M.,Sevincok,L.,&Karakus,K.(2017).Self-Esteem,Pain and Suicidal Thoughts in a Sample of Cancer Patients.Journal of Mood Disorders(JMOOD),7(3),156-62.
Park,Y.(2017).Effects of depression,self-esteem,and social support on suicidal ideation in college students.Child Health Nursing Research,23(1),111-116.
Rosenberg,M.(1965).Self esteem and the adolescent.(Economics and the social sciences:society and the adolescent self-image).New England Quarterly,148(2),177-196.
Sandler,I.(2001).Quality and ecology of adversity as common mechanisms of risk and resilience.American Journal of Community Psychology,29(1),19-61.
Slonje,R.,Smith,P.K.,&Frisén,A.(2013).The nature of cyberbullying,and strategies for prevention.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1),26-32.
Smith,P.K.,Mahdavi,J.,Carvalho,M.,Fisher,S.,Russell,S.,&Tippett,N.(2008).Cyberbullying:Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils.Journal of Child Psychology&Psychiatry&Allied Disciplines,49(4),376.
Stratta,P.,Capanna,C.,Carmassi,C.,Patriarca,S.,Di,E.G.,&Riccardi,I.,et al.(2014).The adolescent emotional coping after an earthquake:A risk factor for suicidal ideation.Journal of Adolescence,37(5),605-11.
Tokunaga,R.S.(2010).Following you home from school:A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization.Computers in Human Behavior,26(3),277-287.
Vollink,T.,Bolman,C.A.W.,Dehue,F.,&Jacobs,N.C.L.(2013).Coping with cyberbullying:Differences between victims,bully-victims and children not involved in bullying.Journal of Community&Applied Social Psychology,23(1),7-24.
Wenzel,A.,&Beck,A.T.(2008).A cognitive model of suicidal behavior:Theory and treatment.Applied&Preventive Psychology,12(4),189-201.
Zhang,X.,Wang,H.,Xia,Y.,Liu,X.,&Jung,E.(2012).Stress,coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students.Journal of Adolescence,35(3),683-690.
Zhang,J.,&Jin,S.(1998).Interpersonal relations and suicide ideation in China.Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr,124(1),79-94.
Zhou,Z.,Tang,H.,Tian,Y.,Wei,H.,Zhang,F.,&Morrison,C.M.(2013).Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students.School Psychology International,34(6),630-647.
陈冲,洪月慧,杨思.(2010).应激性生活事件、自尊和抑郁在自杀意念形成中的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,18(2),190-191.
陈树林,郑全全,潘健男,郑胜圣.(2000).中学生应对方式量表的初步编制.中国临床心理学杂志,8(4),211-214.
陈武,周宗奎,王明忠.(2013).高中生父母冲突与抑郁:自尊的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,21(1),136-138.
方杰,张敏强.(2012).中介效应的点估计和区间估计:乘积分布法、非参数Bootstrap和MCMC法.心理学报,44(10),1408-1420.
高爽,张向葵,徐晓林.(2015).大学生自尊与心理健康的元分析---以中国大学生为样本.心理科学进展,23(9),1499-1507.
胡阳,范翠英,张凤娟,谢笑春,郝恩河.(2014).青少年网络受欺负与抑郁:压力感与网络社会支持的作用.心理发展与教育,30(2),177-184.
梁春兰.(2009).初中生自尊、应对方式与心理健康的关系研究(博士学位论文).山西大学.
李董平.(2012).多重生态学风险因素与青少年社会适应:风险建模与作用机制研究(博士学位论文).华南师范大学,广州.
黎润新,陈建梅.(2016).初中生应对方式与自杀意念的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,24(9),1402-1406.
黎亚军.(2016).青少年受欺负与自杀:抑郁的中介作用及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),282-286.
孟月海,朱莉琪.(2010).网络欺负及传统欺负(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,24(11),880-884.
世界卫生组织.(2017).《媒体中心-自杀实况报道》.来自http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/zh/
田录梅.(2006).Rosenberg(1965)自尊量表中文版的美中不足.心理学探新,26(2),88-91.
王学志,宫火良,康晓然,刘雯雯,董晓静,马彦锋.(2011).青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析.中国健康心理学杂志,19(8),964-966.
吴怡霖.(2017).青少年网络受欺负与自尊、焦虑的关系及干预研究(博士学位论文).华中师范大学,武汉.
王欣,阮新,阮军.(2004).父母教养方式与大学生自尊的相关研究.中国临床心理学杂志,12(3),309-310.
薛绍聪.(2008).中学生学习倦怠与自尊、应对方式的关系研究(博士学位论文).西南大学,重庆.
徐珊珊.(2013).中学生网络欺负现状调查研究(博士学位论文).辽宁师范大学,大连.
薛朝霞,梁九清.(2012).大学生生活事件冲动人格及应对方式对自杀意念的影响.中国学校卫生,33(9),1071-1073.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
杨雪,王艳辉,李董平,赵力燕,鲍振宙,周宗奎.(2013).校园氛围与青少年的自杀意念/企图:自尊的中介作用.心理发展与教育,29(5),541-551.
周浩,龙立荣.(2004).共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,12(6),942-942.
曾金坤.(2017).伴自杀意念抑郁症静息态比率低频振幅和事件相关电位P3研究(博士学位论文).重庆医科大学.
张康莉,张晓明,杨红梅.(2009).认知疗法对自杀意念和行为的干预效果.实用医药杂志,26(10),74-76.
Baumeister,R.F.,Smart,L.,&Boden,J.M.(1996).Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression:The dark side of high self-esteem.Psychological Review,103(1),5-33.
Beck,A.T.(1968).Depression:Clinical,experimental and theoretical aspects.Jama the Journal of the American Medical Association,203(13),1144.
Cassidy,W.,Faucher,C.,&Jackson,M.(2013).Cyberbullying among youth:A comprehensive review of current international research and its implications and application to policy and practice.School Psychology International,34(6),575-612.
Cénat,J.M.,Hébert,M.,Blais,M.,Lavoie,F.,Guerrier,M.,&Derivois,D.(2014).Cyberbullying,psychological distress and selfesteem among youth in Quebec schools.Journal of Affective Disorders,169,7-9.
Edwards,M.J.,&Holden,R.R.(2001).Coping,meaning in life,and suicidal manifestations:Examining gender differences.Journal of Clinical Psychology,57(12),1517-1534.
Folkman,S.,&Lazarus,R.S.(1980).An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample.Journal of Health&Social Behavior,21(3),219-239.
Gini,G.,&Espelage,D.L.(2014).Peer victimization,cyberbullying,and suicide risk in children and adolescents.Jama,312(5),545-546.
Hinduja,S.,&Patchin,J.W.(2010).Bullying,cyberbullying,and suicide.Archives of Suicide Research Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research,14(3),206.
Ireland,J.L.,Boustead,R.,&Ireland,C.A.(2005).Coping style and psychological health among adolescent prisoners:A study of young and juvenile offenders.Journal of Adolescence,28(3),411.
Johnson,J.,Gooding,P.,&Tarrier,N.(2008).Suicide risk in schizophrenia:Explanatory models and clinical implications,The Schematic Appraisal Model of Suicide(SAMS).Psychology and Psychotherapy:Theory,Research and Practice,81(1),55-77.
Kong,D.T.(2016).Ostracism perception as a multiplicative function of trait self-esteem,mindfulness,and facial emotion recognition ability.Personality and Individual Differences,93,68-73.
Konick,Lisa C,&Gutierrez,Peter M.(2005).Testing a model of suicide ideation in college students.Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior,35(2),181-92.
Kowalski,R.M.,Giumetti,G.W.,Schroeder,A.N.,&Lattanner,M.R.(2014).Bullying in the digital age:a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth.Psychological Bulletin,140(4),1073.
Kraft,E.(2006).Cyberbullying:a worldwide trend of misusing technology to harass others.Internet Society II Advances in Education Commerce&Governance,36,155-166.
Mishna,F.,Saini,M.,&Solomon,S.(2009).Ongoing and online:Children and youth’s perceptions of cyber bullying.Children and Youth Services Review,31(12),1222-1228.
Mitchell,S.M.,Seegan,P.L.,Roush,J.F.,Brown,S.L.,SustaaTa,M.A.,&Cukrowicz,K.C.(2016).Retrospective cyberbullying and suicide ideation:The mediating roles of depressive symptoms,perceived burdensomeness,and thwarted belongingness.JInterpers Violence,33(16),2602-2620.
Mullis,R.L.,&Chapman,P.(2000).Age,gender,and self-esteem differences in adolescent coping styles.Journal of Social Psychology,140(4),539-541.
O’Connor,R.C.(2011).Towards an integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour.International handbook of suicide prevention:Research,policy and practice,1,181-198.
Ozdemiroglu,F.,Memis,C.O.,Meydan,N.,Dogan,B.,Kilic,S.M.,Sevincok,L.,&Karakus,K.(2017).Self-Esteem,Pain and Suicidal Thoughts in a Sample of Cancer Patients.Journal of Mood Disorders(JMOOD),7(3),156-62.
Park,Y.(2017).Effects of depression,self-esteem,and social support on suicidal ideation in college students.Child Health Nursing Research,23(1),111-116.
Rosenberg,M.(1965).Self esteem and the adolescent.(Economics and the social sciences:society and the adolescent self-image).New England Quarterly,148(2),177-196.
Sandler,I.(2001).Quality and ecology of adversity as common mechanisms of risk and resilience.American Journal of Community Psychology,29(1),19-61.
Slonje,R.,Smith,P.K.,&Frisén,A.(2013).The nature of cyberbullying,and strategies for prevention.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1),26-32.
Smith,P.K.,Mahdavi,J.,Carvalho,M.,Fisher,S.,Russell,S.,&Tippett,N.(2008).Cyberbullying:Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils.Journal of Child Psychology&Psychiatry&Allied Disciplines,49(4),376.
Stratta,P.,Capanna,C.,Carmassi,C.,Patriarca,S.,Di,E.G.,&Riccardi,I.,et al.(2014).The adolescent emotional coping after an earthquake:A risk factor for suicidal ideation.Journal of Adolescence,37(5),605-11.
Tokunaga,R.S.(2010).Following you home from school:A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization.Computers in Human Behavior,26(3),277-287.
Vollink,T.,Bolman,C.A.W.,Dehue,F.,&Jacobs,N.C.L.(2013).Coping with cyberbullying:Differences between victims,bully-victims and children not involved in bullying.Journal of Community&Applied Social Psychology,23(1),7-24.
Wenzel,A.,&Beck,A.T.(2008).A cognitive model of suicidal behavior:Theory and treatment.Applied&Preventive Psychology,12(4),189-201.
Zhang,X.,Wang,H.,Xia,Y.,Liu,X.,&Jung,E.(2012).Stress,coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students.Journal of Adolescence,35(3),683-690.
Zhang,J.,&Jin,S.(1998).Interpersonal relations and suicide ideation in China.Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr,124(1),79-94.
Zhou,Z.,Tang,H.,Tian,Y.,Wei,H.,Zhang,F.,&Morrison,C.M.(2013).Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students.School Psychology International,34(6),630-647.
陈冲,洪月慧,杨思.(2010).应激性生活事件、自尊和抑郁在自杀意念形成中的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,18(2),190-191.
陈树林,郑全全,潘健男,郑胜圣.(2000).中学生应对方式量表的初步编制.中国临床心理学杂志,8(4),211-214.
陈武,周宗奎,王明忠.(2013).高中生父母冲突与抑郁:自尊的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,21(1),136-138.
方杰,张敏强.(2012).中介效应的点估计和区间估计:乘积分布法、非参数Bootstrap和MCMC法.心理学报,44(10),1408-1420.
高爽,张向葵,徐晓林.(2015).大学生自尊与心理健康的元分析---以中国大学生为样本.心理科学进展,23(9),1499-1507.
胡阳,范翠英,张凤娟,谢笑春,郝恩河.(2014).青少年网络受欺负与抑郁:压力感与网络社会支持的作用.心理发展与教育,30(2),177-184.
梁春兰.(2009).初中生自尊、应对方式与心理健康的关系研究(博士学位论文).山西大学.
李董平.(2012).多重生态学风险因素与青少年社会适应:风险建模与作用机制研究(博士学位论文).华南师范大学,广州.
黎润新,陈建梅.(2016).初中生应对方式与自杀意念的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,24(9),1402-1406.
黎亚军.(2016).青少年受欺负与自杀:抑郁的中介作用及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),282-286.
孟月海,朱莉琪.(2010).网络欺负及传统欺负(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,24(11),880-884.
世界卫生组织.(2017).《媒体中心-自杀实况报道》.来自http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/zh/
田录梅.(2006).Rosenberg(1965)自尊量表中文版的美中不足.心理学探新,26(2),88-91.
王学志,宫火良,康晓然,刘雯雯,董晓静,马彦锋.(2011).青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析.中国健康心理学杂志,19(8),964-966.
吴怡霖.(2017).青少年网络受欺负与自尊、焦虑的关系及干预研究(博士学位论文).华中师范大学,武汉.
王欣,阮新,阮军.(2004).父母教养方式与大学生自尊的相关研究.中国临床心理学杂志,12(3),309-310.
薛绍聪.(2008).中学生学习倦怠与自尊、应对方式的关系研究(博士学位论文).西南大学,重庆.
徐珊珊.(2013).中学生网络欺负现状调查研究(博士学位论文).辽宁师范大学,大连.
薛朝霞,梁九清.(2012).大学生生活事件冲动人格及应对方式对自杀意念的影响.中国学校卫生,33(9),1071-1073.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
杨雪,王艳辉,李董平,赵力燕,鲍振宙,周宗奎.(2013).校园氛围与青少年的自杀意念/企图:自尊的中介作用.心理发展与教育,29(5),541-551.
周浩,龙立荣.(2004).共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,12(6),942-942.
曾金坤.(2017).伴自杀意念抑郁症静息态比率低频振幅和事件相关电位P3研究(博士学位论文).重庆医科大学.
张康莉,张晓明,杨红梅.(2009).认知疗法对自杀意念和行为的干预效果.实用医药杂志,26(10),74-76.