无定形碳包覆锡基负极材料的制备及其电化学性能
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摘要
氧化锡因其较高的理论比容量颇受关注,在电化学研究应用中,与碳材料复合改性后可作为锂离子电池的负极材料。本文选用五水四氯化锡为锡源,氧化石墨烯和葡萄糖作为碳源,采用简单水解法、水热处理,可以大量合成SnO_2/C复合材料。通过对产物进行结构的表征、微观形貌的分析及电化学性能测试,结果表明,氧化锡纳米颗粒均匀分散于无定形碳之间,复合材料循环100圈后放电比容量为541 mA·h/g。相比于纯SnO_2纳米颗粒,无定形碳能够抑制氧化锡的体积效应,提高材料整体的导电性,同时改善材料的循环稳定性。
Tin oxides have attracted much attention as a negative material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. In this work, taking tin tetrachloride pentahydrate as tin source and graphene oxide(GO)/C_6H_(12)O_6 as carbon source, the composite of SnO_2 dispersed into amorphous carbon has been synthesized by hydrolysis and carbonization in large scale.The composite structure and morphology of the products are characterized, and the electrochemical properties of the product are analyzed by electrochemical tests. SnO_2 nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of amorphous carbon. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity of the composite is 541 mA·h·g~(-1). Amorphous carbon can effectively suppress the volume change of SnO_2 particles during charging/discharging, and improves the conductivity of the composites and the cyclic stability. It leads to an improved electrochemical properties.
Tin oxides have attracted much attention as a negative material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. In this work, taking tin tetrachloride pentahydrate as tin source and graphene oxide(GO)/C_6H_(12)O_6 as carbon source, the composite of SnO_2 dispersed into amorphous carbon has been synthesized by hydrolysis and carbonization in large scale.The composite structure and morphology of the products are characterized, and the electrochemical properties of the product are analyzed by electrochemical tests. SnO_2 nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of amorphous carbon. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity of the composite is 541 mA·h·g~(-1). Amorphous carbon can effectively suppress the volume change of SnO_2 particles during charging/discharging, and improves the conductivity of the composites and the cyclic stability. It leads to an improved electrochemical properties.
引文
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[2]SONG H K,LEE K T,KIM M G,et al.Recent progress in nanostructured cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2010,20(22):3818-3834.
[3]PARK O K,CHO Y,LEE S,et al.Who will drive electric vehicles,olivine or spinel?[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2011,4(5):1621-1633.
[4]JUNG S K,GWON H,HONG J,et al.Understanding the degradation mechanisms of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material in lithium ion batteries[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2013,4(1):doi:10.1002/aenm.201300787.
[5]NAN D,HUANG Z H,LV R,et al.Nitrogen-enriched electrospun porous carbon nanofiber networks as high-performance freestanding electrode materials[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(46):19678-19684.
[6]WANG G,SHEN X,YAO J,et al.Graphene nanosheets for enhanced lithium storage in lithium ion batteries[J].Carbon,2009,47(8):2049-2053.
[7]ZHANG N,ZHAO Q,HAN X,et al.Pitaya-like Sn@C nanocomposites as high-rate and long-life anode for lithium-ion batteries[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(5):2827-2832.
[8]HE Y,HUANG L,CAI J S,et al.Structure and electrochemical performance of nanostructured Fe3O4/carbon nanotube composites as anodes for lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2009,11(5):1140-1144.
[9]YUE W,JIANG S,HUANG W,et al.Sandwich-structural graphenebased metal oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2013,1(23):6928-6933.
[10]CHEN J S,LOU X W.SnO2-based nanomaterials:synthesis and application in lithium-ion batteries[J].Small,2013,9(11):1877-1893.
[11]WANG H,LU X,TUCEK J,et al.Synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidonestabilized nonstoichiometric SnO2 nanosheets with exposed{101}facets and Sn(II)self-doping as anode materials for Li-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,211(1):636-643.
[12]KIM C,JUNG J W,YOON K R,et al.A high-capacity and long-cyclelife lithium-ion battery anode architecture:Silver nanoparticle-decorated Sn O2/Ni O nanotubes[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(12):11317-11326.
[13]XUE L,FU Z,YAO Y,et al.Three-dimensional porous Sn-Cu alloy anode for lithium-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,55(24):7310-731.
[14]JOSHI B,AN S,JO H S,et al.Flexible,freestanding,and binder-free Sn O-Zn O/carbon nanofiber composites for lithium ion battery anodes[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2016,8(14):9446-9453.
[15]何声太,韩璐,王泽中,等.直径大小对SnO2棒锂离子电池负极材料性能的影响[J].天津工业大学学报,2017,36(3):49-53.HE Shengtai,HAN Lu,WANG Zezhong,et al.Influences of diameter of SnO2 rods on properties of anode in Li-ion batteries[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2017,36(3):49-53.
[16]李哲,魏志勇,王恒,等.锂电池负极材料氧化锡多孔疏松纳米球的制备、表征及电化学性能研究[J].功能材料,2013,44(13):1952-1955.LI Zhe,WEI Zhiyong,WANG Heng,et al.Synthesis,characterization and electrochemical performance of porous SnO2 nanospheres as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries[J].China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House,2013,44(13):1952-1955.
[17]WANG L,KITAMURA S,OBATA K,et al.Multilayered Sn-ZnCu alloy thin-film as negative electrodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2005,141(2):286-292.
[18]LOU X W,CHEN J S,CHEN P,et al.One-pot synthesis of carboncoated SnO2 nanocolloids with improved reversible lithium storage properties[J].Chem.Mater.,2009,21(13):2868-2874.
[19]HU X,ZENG G,CHEN J,et al.3D graphene network encapsulating Sn O2 hollow spheres for high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(9):4535-4542.
[20]HUANG B,LI X,PEI Y,et al.Novel carbon-encapsulated porous SnO2anode for lithium-ion batteries with much improved cyclic stability[J].Small,2016,12(24):1945-1955.
[21]DONG W,XU J,WANG C,et al.A robust and conductive black tin oxide nanostructure makes efficient lithium-ion batteries possible[J].Advanced Materials,2017,29(24):doi:10.1002/adma.201700136.
[22]潘广宏,梁文斌,唐堃,等.孔道可调控的锂离子电池无定形碳负极材料[J].储能科学与技术,2019,8(2):292-296.PAN Guanghong,LIANG Wenbin,TANG Kun,et al.Amorphous carbon anode with controllable pores for rechargeable lithium-ion battery[J].Energy Storage Science and Technology,2019,8(2):292-296.