药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)在土壤中的迁移转化和毒性效应研究进展
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摘要
药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)是一类新型有机污染物,随着生产和使用量的大量增加,越来越多的PPCPs进入土壤,对土壤生态环境和人体健康构成潜在威胁。文章根据现有研究,综述了国内外有关PPCPs在土壤中的吸附、生物降解、迁移、挥发等环境行为的研究进展,并分别评述了PPCPs对土壤生物(包括微生物、动物、植物)和人体的生态毒性效应。有关研究表明,PPCPs主要吸附于高有机质的土壤表层,低有机质亚表层土壤中PPCPs具有极高的迁移潜力;生物降解是PPCPs从土壤中去除的主要途径,受化合物自身结构和土壤理化特性的影响。高浓度PPCPs会对土壤生物(包括土壤微生物、动物和植物)产生急性生理生化甚至遗传毒性效应,最终可通过饮食危害人体健康,而PPCPs残留在土壤中的环境浓度通常较低,对土壤生物及人类极易造成慢性毒性损伤。目前有关土壤环境中PPCPs污染的研究尚处于初级阶段,今后可在真实土壤环境中痕量PPCPs的调查分析、迁移转化规律、生态健康风险及其代谢产物的行为和毒性等方面加强研究,以期为土壤环境中PPCPs生态风险的准确评估提供理论依据。
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) have been detected as the emerging organic pollutants in soils. With the large incremental production and useage, more and more PPCPs have entered into soil environment, posing a great potential threat to the soil eco-environment and human health. Based on the existing research, this paper reviewed research progress of environmental behaviors such as adsorption, bio-degradation, migration and volatilization, as well as the toxicological effect of residual PPCPs to soil organisms(include the soil microorganism, fauna and plant) and human. These studies show that PPCPs are mainly adsorbed on the soil organic matter-rich top soil, whereas PPCPs may have high migration potential in organic-poor subsurface soil. Biodegradation is the important pathway for removal of PPCPs from soil, which is affected by the chemical structure of PPCPs and the physicochemical properties of the soil. High concentrations of PPCPs can trigger acute physiological/biochemical perturbations and even genotoxic effects on soil organisms(including soil microorganisms, animals and plants), ultimately harming human health through dietary consumption. However, the concentrations of PPCPs in soil is usually low, which is more likely to cause chronic toxic damage to soil organisms and humans. At present, the research on PPCPs pollution in soil environment remains in the primary stage. In future, studies on trace PPCPs in natural soil environment should be further considered in terms of investigation and analysis, migration and transformation, ecological health risk, and the environmental behavior and toxicological effect of its metabolites to provide theoretical basis for accurate assessment of PPCPs ecological risk in soil environment.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) have been detected as the emerging organic pollutants in soils. With the large incremental production and useage, more and more PPCPs have entered into soil environment, posing a great potential threat to the soil eco-environment and human health. Based on the existing research, this paper reviewed research progress of environmental behaviors such as adsorption, bio-degradation, migration and volatilization, as well as the toxicological effect of residual PPCPs to soil organisms(include the soil microorganism, fauna and plant) and human. These studies show that PPCPs are mainly adsorbed on the soil organic matter-rich top soil, whereas PPCPs may have high migration potential in organic-poor subsurface soil. Biodegradation is the important pathway for removal of PPCPs from soil, which is affected by the chemical structure of PPCPs and the physicochemical properties of the soil. High concentrations of PPCPs can trigger acute physiological/biochemical perturbations and even genotoxic effects on soil organisms(including soil microorganisms, animals and plants), ultimately harming human health through dietary consumption. However, the concentrations of PPCPs in soil is usually low, which is more likely to cause chronic toxic damage to soil organisms and humans. At present, the research on PPCPs pollution in soil environment remains in the primary stage. In future, studies on trace PPCPs in natural soil environment should be further considered in terms of investigation and analysis, migration and transformation, ecological health risk, and the environmental behavior and toxicological effect of its metabolites to provide theoretical basis for accurate assessment of PPCPs ecological risk in soil environment.
引文
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CARTER L J,HARRIS E,WILLIAMS M,et al.,2014.Fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals in soil-plant systems[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,62(4):816-825.
CHEN F,YING G G,KONG L X,et al.,2011.Distribution and accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigated soils in Hebei,China[J].Environmental Pollution,159(6):1490-1498.
CHEN W P,XU J,LU S D,et al.,2013.Fates and transport of PPCPs in soil receiving reclaimed water irrigation[J].Chemosphere,93(10):2621-2630.
COLINAS C,INGHAM E,MPLINA R,1994.Population responses of target and non-target forest soil organisms to selected biocides[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,26(1):41-47.
CONKLE J L,WHITE J R,2012.An initial screening of antibiotic effects on microbial respiration in wetland soils[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,47(10):1381-1390.
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FANG Y,KARNJANAPIBOONWONG A,CHASE D A,et al.,2012.Occurrence,fate,and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,31(3):550-555.
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HILLIS D G,FLETCHER J,SOLOMON K R,et al.,2011.Effects of ten antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation in three plant species[J].Archives of Environment Contamination and Toxicology,60(2):220-232.
JADHAV V V,JADHAV A S,CHANDAGADE C A,et al.,2012.Genotoxicity of bisphenol a on root meristem cells of Allium cepa:a cytogenetic approach[J].Asian Journal of Water,Environment and Pollution,9:39-43
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LIN D S,ZHOU Q X,XIE X J,et al.,2010.Potential biochemical and genetic toxicity of triclosan as an emerging pollutant on earthworms(Eisenia fetida)[J].Chemosphere,81(10):1328-1333.
MA L,LIU Y F,ZHANG J,et al.,2018.Impacts of irrigation water sources and geochemical conditions on vertical distribution of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)in the vadose zone soils[J].Science of the Total environment,626:1148-1156.
MUSTAFA M,WONDIMU B,HULTENBY K,et al.,2003.Uptake,distribution and release of 14C-triclosan in human gingival fibroblasts[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,92(8):1648-1653.
PAN M,CHU L M,2015.Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agricultural soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,545-546:48-56.
PAN M,CHU L M,2016.Phytotoxicity of veterinary antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation of crops[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,126:228-237.
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PAPAIOANNOU D,KOUKOULAKIS P H,LAMBROPOLOU D,et al.,2019.The dynamics of the pharmaceutical and personal care product interactive capacity under the effect of artificial enrichment of soil with heavy metals and of wastewater reuse[J].Science of the total environment,661:537-546.
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PILON-SMITS E,2005.Phytoremediation[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,56:15-39.
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QIU Z Y,WANG L H,ZHOU Q,2013.Effects of bisphenol A on growth,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in above-ground organs of soybean seedlings[J].Chemosphere,90(3):1274-1280.
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RUBASINGHEGE G,GURUNG R,RIJAL H,et al.,2018.Abiotic degradation and environmental toxicity of ibuprofen:Roles of mineral particles and solar radiation[J].Water research,131:22-32.
TERNES T A,BONERZ M,HERRMANN N,et al.,2007.Irrigation of treated wastewater in Braunschweig,Germany:an option to remove pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances[J].Chemosphere,66(5):894-904.
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WALLER N J,KOOKANA R S,2009.Effect of triclosan on microbial activity in Australian soils[J].Envrionmental Toxicology and Chemistry,28(1):65-70.
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AMORIM M J,OLIVEIRA E,SOARES A M,et al.,2010.Predicted no effect concentration(PNEC)for triclosan to terrestrial species(invertebrates and plants)[J].Environment International,36:338-343.
BALOGH T,REVITT D M,JONES H,et al.,2011.Factors influencing the infiltration of pharmaceuticals through soils[R].12th International Conference on Urban Drainage,Porto Alegre/Brazil.
BRIGGS G G,BROMILOW R H,EVANS A A.1982.Relationships between lipophilicity and root uptake and translocation of non-ionised chemicals by barley[J].Pesticide Science,13:495-504.
CALDERóN-PRECIADO D,MATAMOROS V,SAVéR,et al.,2013.Uptake of microcontaminants by crops irrigated with reclaimed water and groundwater under real field greenhouse conditions[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,20(6):3629-3638.
CARBALLA M,OMIL F,LEMA J M,2008.Comparison of predicted and measured concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals,fragrances and hormones in Spanish sewage[J].Chemosphere,72(8):1118-1123.
CARR D L,MORSE A N,ZAK J C,et al.,2010.Microbially mediated degradation of common pharmaceuticals and personal care products in soil under aerobic and reduced oxygen conditions[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,216(1-4):633-642.
CARTER L J,HARRIS E,WILLIAMS M,et al.,2014.Fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals in soil-plant systems[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,62(4):816-825.
CHEN F,YING G G,KONG L X,et al.,2011.Distribution and accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigated soils in Hebei,China[J].Environmental Pollution,159(6):1490-1498.
CHEN W P,XU J,LU S D,et al.,2013.Fates and transport of PPCPs in soil receiving reclaimed water irrigation[J].Chemosphere,93(10):2621-2630.
COLINAS C,INGHAM E,MPLINA R,1994.Population responses of target and non-target forest soil organisms to selected biocides[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,26(1):41-47.
CONKLE J L,WHITE J R,2012.An initial screening of antibiotic effects on microbial respiration in wetland soils[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,47(10):1381-1390.
DAUGHTON C G,TERNES T A,1999.Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment:agents of subtle change?[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,107:907-938.
DODGEN L K,LI J,PARKER D,et al.,2013.Uptake and accumulation of four PPCP/EDCs in two leafy vegetables[J].Environmental Pollution,182:150-156.
DRILLIA P,STAMATELATOU K,LYBERATOS G,2005.Fate and mobility of pharmaceuticals in solid matrices[J].Chemosphere,60(8):1034-1044.
ESTEVEZ E,HERMANDEZ-MORENO J M,FERNANDEZ-VERA J R,et al.,2014.Ibuprofen adsorption in four agricultural volcanic soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,468-469:406-414.
FANG Y,KARNJANAPIBOONWONG A,CHASE D A,et al.,2012.Occurrence,fate,and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,31(3):550-555.
FERRARA G,LOFFREDO E,SENESI N,2006.Phytotoxic,clastogenic and bioaccumulation effects of the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol a in various crops grown hydroponically[J].Planta,223(5):910-916.
GAO D W,LI Z,WANG H,et al.,2018.An overview of phthalate acid ester pollution in China over the last decade:Environmental occurrence and human exposure[J].Science of the Total Environment,645:1400-1409.
HARROW D I,FELKER J M,BAKER K H,2011.Impacts of triclosan in greywater on soil microorganisms[J].Applied and Environmental Soil Science,2011:1-8.
HILLIS D G,FLETCHER J,SOLOMON K R,et al.,2011.Effects of ten antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation in three plant species[J].Archives of Environment Contamination and Toxicology,60(2):220-232.
JADHAV V V,JADHAV A S,CHANDAGADE C A,et al.,2012.Genotoxicity of bisphenol a on root meristem cells of Allium cepa:a cytogenetic approach[J].Asian Journal of Water,Environment and Pollution,9:39-43
KARJANAPIBOONWONG A,CHASE D A,CABAS J E,et al.,2011.Uptake of 17α-ethynylestradiol and triclosan in pinto bean,Phaseolus vulgaris[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,74(5):1336-1342.
LEE H,KIM K Y,HAMM S,et al.,2019.Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical and personal care products,artificial sweeteners,and pesticides in groundwater from an agricultural area in Korea[J].Science of the Total Environment,659:168-176.
LIN D S,ZHOU Q X,XIE X J,et al.,2010.Potential biochemical and genetic toxicity of triclosan as an emerging pollutant on earthworms(Eisenia fetida)[J].Chemosphere,81(10):1328-1333.
MA L,LIU Y F,ZHANG J,et al.,2018.Impacts of irrigation water sources and geochemical conditions on vertical distribution of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)in the vadose zone soils[J].Science of the Total environment,626:1148-1156.
MUSTAFA M,WONDIMU B,HULTENBY K,et al.,2003.Uptake,distribution and release of 14C-triclosan in human gingival fibroblasts[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,92(8):1648-1653.
PAN M,CHU L M,2015.Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agricultural soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,545-546:48-56.
PAN M,CHU L M,2016.Phytotoxicity of veterinary antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation of crops[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,126:228-237.
PAN M,CHU L M,2017a.Leaching behavior of veterinary antibiotics in animal manure-applied soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,579:466-473.
PAN M,CHU L M,2017b.Fate of antibiotics in soil and their uptake by edible crops[J].Science of the Total Environment,599-600:500-512.
PAPAIOANNOU D,KOUKOULAKIS P H,LAMBROPOLOU D,et al.,2019.The dynamics of the pharmaceutical and personal care product interactive capacity under the effect of artificial enrichment of soil with heavy metals and of wastewater reuse[J].Science of the total environment,661:537-546.
PETERS R J,BEELTJE H,VAN DELFT R J,2008.Xeno-estrogenic compounds in precipitation[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,10(6):760-769.
PILON-SMITS E,2005.Phytoremediation[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,56:15-39.
QIN Q,CHEN X J,ZHUANG J,2015.The fate and impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in agricultural soils irrigated with reclaimed water[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,45(13):1379-1408.
QIN Q,CHEN X J,ZHUANG J,2017.The surface-pore integrated effect of soil organic matter on retention and transport of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,599-600:42-49.
QIU Z Y,WANG L H,ZHOU Q,2013.Effects of bisphenol A on growth,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in above-ground organs of soybean seedlings[J].Chemosphere,90(3):1274-1280.
R?MBKE J,KROGH K A,MOSER T,et al.,2010.Effects of the veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin on soil invertebrates in laboratory tests[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,58(2):332-340.
RUBASINGHEGE G,GURUNG R,RIJAL H,et al.,2018.Abiotic degradation and environmental toxicity of ibuprofen:Roles of mineral particles and solar radiation[J].Water research,131:22-32.
TERNES T A,BONERZ M,HERRMANN N,et al.,2007.Irrigation of treated wastewater in Braunschweig,Germany:an option to remove pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances[J].Chemosphere,66(5):894-904.
THELUSMOND J,STRATHMANN T,CUPPLES A M,2019.Carbamazepine,triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation and the phylotypes and functional genes associated with xenobiotic degradation in four agricultural soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,657:1138-1149.
WALLER N J,KOOKANA R S,2009.Effect of triclosan on microbial activity in Australian soils[J].Envrionmental Toxicology and Chemistry,28(1):65-70.
WANG Y F,YANG Q,DONG J Q,et al.,2018.Competitive adsorption of PPCP and humic substances by carbon nanotube membranes:Effects of coagulation and PPCP properties[J].Science of the Total Environment,619-620:352-359.
WU X,ERNST F,CONKLE J L,et al.,2013.Comparative uptake and translocation of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)by common vegetables[J].Environment International,60:15-22.
XU J,WU L S,CHANG A C,2009b.Degradation and adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)in agricultural soils[J].Chemosphere,77(10):1299-1305.
XU J,WU L S,CHEN W P,et al.,2009a.Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs),and endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs)in runoff from a potato field irrigated with treated wastewater in southern California[J].Journal of Health Science,55(2):306-310.
XU J,WU L,CHEN W P,et al.,2009c.Adsorption and degradation of ketoprofen in soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,38(3):1177-1182.
YIN L,WANG B,YUAN H L,et al.,2017.Pay special attention to the transformation products of PPCPs in environment[J].Emerging Contaminants,3(2):69-75.
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