摘要
药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)是一类新型有机污染物,随着生产和使用量的大量增加,越来越多的PPCPs进入土壤,对土壤生态环境和人体健康构成潜在威胁。文章根据现有研究,综述了国内外有关PPCPs在土壤中的吸附、生物降解、迁移、挥发等环境行为的研究进展,并分别评述了PPCPs对土壤生物(包括微生物、动物、植物)和人体的生态毒性效应。有关研究表明,PPCPs主要吸附于高有机质的土壤表层,低有机质亚表层土壤中PPCPs具有极高的迁移潜力;生物降解是PPCPs从土壤中去除的主要途径,受化合物自身结构和土壤理化特性的影响。高浓度PPCPs会对土壤生物(包括土壤微生物、动物和植物)产生急性生理生化甚至遗传毒性效应,最终可通过饮食危害人体健康,而PPCPs残留在土壤中的环境浓度通常较低,对土壤生物及人类极易造成慢性毒性损伤。目前有关土壤环境中PPCPs污染的研究尚处于初级阶段,今后可在真实土壤环境中痕量PPCPs的调查分析、迁移转化规律、生态健康风险及其代谢产物的行为和毒性等方面加强研究,以期为土壤环境中PPCPs生态风险的准确评估提供理论依据。
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) have been detected as the emerging organic pollutants in soils. With the large incremental production and useage, more and more PPCPs have entered into soil environment, posing a great potential threat to the soil eco-environment and human health. Based on the existing research, this paper reviewed research progress of environmental behaviors such as adsorption, bio-degradation, migration and volatilization, as well as the toxicological effect of residual PPCPs to soil organisms(include the soil microorganism, fauna and plant) and human. These studies show that PPCPs are mainly adsorbed on the soil organic matter-rich top soil, whereas PPCPs may have high migration potential in organic-poor subsurface soil. Biodegradation is the important pathway for removal of PPCPs from soil, which is affected by the chemical structure of PPCPs and the physicochemical properties of the soil. High concentrations of PPCPs can trigger acute physiological/biochemical perturbations and even genotoxic effects on soil organisms(including soil microorganisms, animals and plants), ultimately harming human health through dietary consumption. However, the concentrations of PPCPs in soil is usually low, which is more likely to cause chronic toxic damage to soil organisms and humans. At present, the research on PPCPs pollution in soil environment remains in the primary stage. In future, studies on trace PPCPs in natural soil environment should be further considered in terms of investigation and analysis, migration and transformation, ecological health risk, and the environmental behavior and toxicological effect of its metabolites to provide theoretical basis for accurate assessment of PPCPs ecological risk in soil environment.
引文
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