大中型豆荚状铬铁矿床地球化学特征研究
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摘要
豆荚状铬铁矿作为冶金工业重要材料,具有较高的经济价值。大中型豆荚状铬铁矿常常发育在SSZ(suprasubduction zone,超俯冲带)型蛇绿岩中,但在很多SSZ型蛇绿岩中只发育了小型矿床甚至矿化点。因此,在讨论含铬矿和不含铬矿蛇绿岩体地球化学特征的基础上,对比研究了国内外9个发育不同规模铬铁矿床蛇绿岩体和矿石的地球化学组成特征,发现大中型豆荚状铬矿床具有铬铁矿石Pd/Ir值低(<1.5),其中的造矿铬尖晶石Cr~#值高(>0.6)、Cr/Fe值高(>2.7)和w(TiO_2)低(<0.3%)等地球化学特征,且常常发育在中度亏损的蛇绿岩中,据此认为在其成矿过程中经历了中等程度的部分熔融作用。
Podiform chromite ores, the vital materials for metallurgical industry, are of great economic importance. Medium and large-sized podiform chromite deposits are usually found in SSZ(suprasubduction zone) type ophiolitic complexes, but small and mineralized spots also develop in them. Thus, we study in this paper, based on the discussion of geochemical features of ore-bearing and barren ophiolites, nine chromite ore-bearing ophiolitic complexes by comparing various geochemical composition of the ophiolites and chromitites. The results show that the high Cr~#(>0.6), Cr/Fe values(>2.7), low TiO_2 content(<0.3%) of the orebody spinels and the low Pd/Ir(<1.5) of the chromitite are the geochemical indicators for medium and large-sized chromite deposits. Moreover, by comparing the REE features and the accessory spinels of these ophiolitic complexes, we can find that medium and large-sized chromite deposits develop in moderately depleted ophiolitic complexes, which indicates this kind of deposit has experienced moderate degree of partial melting.
Podiform chromite ores, the vital materials for metallurgical industry, are of great economic importance. Medium and large-sized podiform chromite deposits are usually found in SSZ(suprasubduction zone) type ophiolitic complexes, but small and mineralized spots also develop in them. Thus, we study in this paper, based on the discussion of geochemical features of ore-bearing and barren ophiolites, nine chromite ore-bearing ophiolitic complexes by comparing various geochemical composition of the ophiolites and chromitites. The results show that the high Cr~#(>0.6), Cr/Fe values(>2.7), low TiO_2 content(<0.3%) of the orebody spinels and the low Pd/Ir(<1.5) of the chromitite are the geochemical indicators for medium and large-sized chromite deposits. Moreover, by comparing the REE features and the accessory spinels of these ophiolitic complexes, we can find that medium and large-sized chromite deposits develop in moderately depleted ophiolitic complexes, which indicates this kind of deposit has experienced moderate degree of partial melting.
引文
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[2] 杨经绥,巴登珠,徐向珍,等.中国铬铁矿床的再研究及找矿前景[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):1141-1150.
[3] 熊发挥,杨经绥,刘钊.豆荚状铬铁矿多阶段形成过程的讨论[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):820-839.
[4] Ballhaus C.Origin of podiform chromite deposits by magma mingling[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1998,156(3):185-193.
[5] Zhou M F,Robinson P T.High-Cr and high-Al podiform chromitites,western China:Relationship to partial melting and melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle[J].International Geology Review,1994,36:678-686.
[6] Arai S.Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine-spinel compositional relationships:Review and interpretation[J].Chemical Geology,1994,113:191-204.
[7] 白文吉,周美付,Robinson P T,等.西藏罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿、金刚石及伴生矿物成因[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[8] 杨经绥,白文吉,方青松,等.西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩铬铁矿中的超高压矿物和新矿物[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):263-274.
[9] Yamamoto S,Komiya T,Hirose K,et al.Coesite and clinopyroxene exsolution lamellae in chromites:In -situ ultrahigh pressure evidence from podiform chromites[J].Lithos,2009,109:314-322.
[10] Xu X,Yang J,Robinson P T,et al.Origin of ultrahigh pressure and highly reduced minerals in podiform chromitites and associated mantle peridotites of the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet[J].Gondwana Research,2015,27(2):686-700.
[11] Zhang R Y,Yang J,Ernst W G,et al.Discovery of in situ super-reducing,ultrahigh-pressure phases in the Luobusa ophiolitic chromitites,Tibet:New insights into the deep upper mantle and mantle transition zone[J].American Mineralogist,2016,101:1285-1294.
[12] 邹海波,周新民,周国庆.含豆荚状铬铁矿蛇绿岩与非含矿蛇绿岩[J].地质与勘探,1992,28(4):30-33.
[13] Arai S,Miura M.Formation and modification of chromitites in the mantle[J].Lithos,2016,264:277-295.
[14] Economou-Eliopoulos M.Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes:Implications for their exploration[J].Ore Geology Reviews,1996,11(6):363-381.
[15] 黄圭成.西藏雅鲁藏布江西段蛇绿岩及铬铁矿研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[16] Shi R,Griffin W L,O'Reilly S Y,et al.Melt/mantle mixing produces podiform chromite deposits in ophiolites:Implications of Re-Os systematics in the Dongqiao Neo-tethyan ophiolite,northern Tibet[J].Gondwana Research,2012,21(1):194-206.
[17] Xiong F,Yang J,Robinson P T,et al.High-Al and high-Cr podiform chromitites from the western Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone,Tibet:Implications from mineralogy and geochemistry of chromian spinel,and platinum-group elements[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2017,80:1020-1041.
[18] 徐向珍.藏南康金拉豆荚状铬铁矿和地幔橄榄岩成因研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2009.
[19] Xiong F,Yang J,Robinson P T,et al.Petrology and geochemistry of high Cr# podiform chromitites of Bulqiza,Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite (EMO),Albania[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,70:188-207.
[20] Beqiraj A,Masi U,Violo M.Geochemical characterization of codiform chromite ores from the ultramafic massif of Bulqiza (Eastern ophiolitic belt,Albania) and hints for exploration[J].Explor.Mining Geol.,2000,9(2):149-156.
[21] Grammatikopoulos T A,Kapsiotis A,Tsikouras B,et al.Spinel compositopn,PGE geochemistry and mineralogy of the chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex,northwestern Greece[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2011,49(6):1571-1598.
[22] Auge T,Johan Z.Comparative study of chromite deposits from Troodos,Vourinos,north Oman and New Caledonia ophiolites[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1988,6:267-288.
[23] Büchl A,Brügmann G,Batanova V G.Formation of podiform chromitite deposits:Implications from PGE abundances and Os isotopic compositions of chromites from the Troodos complex,Cyprus[J].Chemical Geology,2004,208:217-232.
[24] Zhou M,Robinson P T,Malpas J.Podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite (southern Tibet):Implications for melt-rock interaction and chromite segregation in the upper mantle[J].Journal of Petrology,1996,37(1):3-21.
[25] 王希斌,周详,郝梓国.西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床的进一步找矿意见和建议[J].地质通报,2010,29(1):105-114.
[26] 赵令湖,李志刚.西藏罗布莎铬铁矿穆斯堡尔谱特征及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(4):51-54.
[27] 张浩勇,巴登珠.罗布莎铬铁矿床研究[M].西藏:西藏人民出版社,1996.
[28] 鲍佩声,王希斌.中国铬铁矿床[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[29] 陈宇鹏.班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东巧地区蛇绿岩及其赋存的铬铁矿成矿模式探讨[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[30] 朱明玉.西藏巧区超基性岩铬铁矿中铂族矿物特征[C]//地质矿产部《青藏高原地质文集》编委.青藏高原地质文集.北京:地质出版社,1983:233-255.
[31] Kapsiotis A,Grammatikopoulos T A,Tsikouras B,et al.Chromian spinel composition and PGE mineralogy of chromitites from the Milia area,Pindos ophiolite complex,Greece[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2009,47(5):1037-1056.
[32] 杨经绥,熊发挥,郭国林,等.东波超镁铁岩体:西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个甚具铬铁矿前景的地幔橄榄岩体[J].岩石学报,2011,27(11):3207-3222.
[33] 鲍佩声.再论蛇绿岩中豆荚状铬铁矿的成因:质疑岩石/熔体反应成矿说[J].地质通报,2009,28(12):1741-1761.
[34] 张万平.雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段朗县蛇绿岩的地质特征、年代学及大地构造意义[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[35] 周文婷.赣东北蛇绿混杂岩中尖晶石环带特征及其地质意义[D].南昌:东华理工大学,2015.
[36] 王存智,黄志忠,邢光福,等.赣东北蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩岩石成因及其地质意义[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1178-1188.
[37] 张利,杨经绥,刘飞,等.南公珠错地幔橄榄岩:雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个典型的大洋地幔橄榄岩[J].岩石学报,2016,32(12):3649-3672.
[38] Gruau G,Bernard-Griffiths J,Christophe L.The origin of U-shaped rare earth patterns in ophiolite peridotites:Assessing the role of secondary alteration and melt/rock reaction[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(21/22):3545-3560.
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