核桃壳接枝聚合物的制备及其吸附性能
|
摘要
以核桃壳、2-溴异丁酰溴制备的核桃壳大分子化合物为引发剂,Fe Cl3·6H2O/PPh3、VC为催化体系,采用电子活化再生原子转移自由基聚合(AGET ATRP)法制备了核桃壳接枝聚丙烯酰胺(核桃壳-g-PAM)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(核桃壳-g-PMMA)两种复合材料。利用红外光谱、差热分析及扫描电镜对复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明:两种复合材料对水中Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量均高于核桃壳。293 K时,10 mg核桃壳-g-PAM、核桃壳-g-PMMA对pH=5、50 mg/L Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量分别为40.5、53.7 mg/g,吸附机理均符合拟二级动力学模型,等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程较好地描述。核桃壳-g-PAM、核桃壳-g-PMMA再生4次对Pb(Ⅱ)的最低解吸率分别为93.4%、93.1%,表明核桃壳复合材料具有较好的再生能力。
Two composite materials, walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared via activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization(AGET ATRP) by using walnut shell macroinitiator as initiator in a catalytic system of Fe Cl3·6 H2 O/PPh3 and Vc, in which walnut shell macroinitiator was prepared with walnut shell and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The structure and morphology of composite materials were characterized by FTIR, TG and SEM. The results indicated that the adsorption capability of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by both walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was higher than that of walnut shell. The maximum adsorption capacity was 40.5 mg/g and 48.5 mg/g, respectively, at 293 K and pH 5 when initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration was 50 mg/L. Kinetic and isotherm studies of Pb(II) revealed that adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm equation. After 4 times of regeneration, the minimum desorption rate of Pb(Ⅱ) by walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was 93.4% and 93.1%, respectively, indicating that the composite materials had better regeneration capacity.
Two composite materials, walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared via activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization(AGET ATRP) by using walnut shell macroinitiator as initiator in a catalytic system of Fe Cl3·6 H2 O/PPh3 and Vc, in which walnut shell macroinitiator was prepared with walnut shell and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The structure and morphology of composite materials were characterized by FTIR, TG and SEM. The results indicated that the adsorption capability of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by both walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was higher than that of walnut shell. The maximum adsorption capacity was 40.5 mg/g and 48.5 mg/g, respectively, at 293 K and pH 5 when initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration was 50 mg/L. Kinetic and isotherm studies of Pb(II) revealed that adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm equation. After 4 times of regeneration, the minimum desorption rate of Pb(Ⅱ) by walnut shell grafted polyacrylamide and walnut shell grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was 93.4% and 93.1%, respectively, indicating that the composite materials had better regeneration capacity.
引文
[1]Huang Jin(黄进),Zhou Ziyan(周紫燕).Progress in polymeric materials modified by lignin[J].Polymer Bulletin(高分子通报),2007,(1):50-57.
[2]Suramaythangkoor T,Gheewala S H.Implementability of rice straw utilization and greenhouse gas emission reductions for heat and power in Thailand[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2011,2(2):133-147.
[3]Lynd L R,Zyl W H,Mcbride J E,et al.Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass:an update[J].Biochemical Engieering,2005,16(5):577-583.
[4]Lv Yanfeng(吕严凤),Li Changxin(李长欣),Jiang Rong(蒋容),et al.Study on passivation of Cd-contaminated soil by oil cake[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences(核农学报),2017,31(6):1166-1172.
[5]Shu Xiaohua(舒小华),Zhang Qian(张倩),Zhang Xuehong(张学洪),et al.Inhibitory effect of pyrite oxidation by a new passivator and straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2017,11(2):933-937.
[6]Wang Min(王敏),He Chunxia(何春霞),Zhu Guilei(朱贵磊),et al.Performance comparison of different plant fibers/bone glue composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica(复合材料学报),2017,34(5):1103-1110.
[7]Han Fuqin(韩福芹),Shao Bo(邵博),Wang Qingwen(王清文),et al.Reinforcement effect of carboxylic methyl cellulose-g-poly methyl methacrylate on rice hull-cement-based composites[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University(东北林业大学学报),2009,37(2):40-43.
[8]Yu B,Zhang Y,Shukla A,et al.The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of lead and comparison of its adsorption with copper[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,84(1):83-94.
[9]He Yuanyuan(何元渊),Qi Caiju(祁彩菊),Zhong Wanjun(仲万军),et al.A study on the adsorption of Pb2+in wastewater by walnut shell supported-Fe0[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2014,31(4):480-485.
[10]Nguyen T A H,Ngo H H,Guo W S,et al.Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148(7):574-585.
[11]Lu Yao(路瑶),Wei Xianyong(魏贤勇),Zhong Zhimin(宗志敏),et al.Structural investigation and application of lignins[J].Progress in Chemistry(化学进展),2013,25(5):838-858.
[12]Qian Yi(钱翌),Chu Xingfei(褚兴飞).Application of walnut shell and peanut hull in dealing soil contaminated by Pb[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(11):246-249.
[13]Qin Weiwei(秦微微),Zhang Ling(张凌).The technology of comprehensive utilization of walnut shell in China[J].The Food Industry(食品工业),2012,33(11):138-140.
[14]Cheng Liping(程利萍).Study on the preparation and biosorption properties of acrylic acid modified walnut shell for Pb2+[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2016.
[15]Wang Chunying(王春颖),Fang Pingyan(方平艳).Atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Leather Chemicals(皮革与化工),2007,24(1):14-18.
[16]Yuan Jinying(袁金颖),Luo Xudong(楼旭东),Pan Caiyuan(潘才元).Atom transfer radical polymerization reaction and its progress[J].Chemistry(化学通报),2000,63(3):10-16.
[17]Matyjaszewski K,Shipp D A,Wang J L,et al.Utilizing halide exchange to improve control of atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Macromolecules,2014,31(20):6836-6840.
[18]Oh J K,Min K,Matyjaszewski K.Preparation of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate)by homogeneous aqueous AGET ATRP[J].Macromolecules,2006,39(9):3161-3167.
[19]Zhang L,Cheng Z,Shi S,et al.AGET ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by Fe Cl3/iminodiacetic acid in the presence of air[J].Polymer,2008,49(13/14):3054-3059.
[20]Bai L,Zhang L,Zhu J,et al.Iron(Ⅲ)-mediated AGET ATRP of styrene using tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine as a ligand[J].Journal of Polymer Science,Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2009,47(8):2002-2008.
[21]Stoffelbach F,Belardi B,Santos J M R C A,et al.Use of an amphiphilic block copolymer as a stabilizer and a macroinitiator in miniemulsion polymerization under AGET ATRP conditions[J].Macromolecules,2007,40(25):8813-8816.
[22]Kwiatkowski P,Jurczak J,Pietrasik J,et al.High molecular weight polymethacrylates by AGET ATRP under high pressure[J].Macromolecules,2014,41(4):1067-1069.
[23]Xue Z G,Oh H S,Noh S K,et al.Phosphorus-containing ligands for iron(Ⅲ)-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Angewandte Chemie,2008,47(34):6426-6429.
[24]Li H F,Pan Z B,Cao P,et al.Fe(Ⅲ)-catalyzed grafting copolymerization of lignin with styrene and methyl methacrylate through AGET ATRP using triphenyl phosphine as a ligand[J].RSC Advances,2015,5(67):54387-54394.
[25]Cao Bingming(曹炳明),Fu Shuren(傅树人).Thermal stability analysis of a microcrystalline cellulose polyacrylamide graft copolymer[J].Chemical World(化学世界),1993,34(2):75-78.
[26]Chen Mingsen(陈明森),Sun Fameng(孙发孟),Zhou Hongwang(周泓望),et al.Solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate in polymerized high internal phase emulsions by ATRP[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering(高分子材料科学与工程),2016,32(9):32-37.
[2]Suramaythangkoor T,Gheewala S H.Implementability of rice straw utilization and greenhouse gas emission reductions for heat and power in Thailand[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2011,2(2):133-147.
[3]Lynd L R,Zyl W H,Mcbride J E,et al.Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass:an update[J].Biochemical Engieering,2005,16(5):577-583.
[4]Lv Yanfeng(吕严凤),Li Changxin(李长欣),Jiang Rong(蒋容),et al.Study on passivation of Cd-contaminated soil by oil cake[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences(核农学报),2017,31(6):1166-1172.
[5]Shu Xiaohua(舒小华),Zhang Qian(张倩),Zhang Xuehong(张学洪),et al.Inhibitory effect of pyrite oxidation by a new passivator and straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2017,11(2):933-937.
[6]Wang Min(王敏),He Chunxia(何春霞),Zhu Guilei(朱贵磊),et al.Performance comparison of different plant fibers/bone glue composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica(复合材料学报),2017,34(5):1103-1110.
[7]Han Fuqin(韩福芹),Shao Bo(邵博),Wang Qingwen(王清文),et al.Reinforcement effect of carboxylic methyl cellulose-g-poly methyl methacrylate on rice hull-cement-based composites[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University(东北林业大学学报),2009,37(2):40-43.
[8]Yu B,Zhang Y,Shukla A,et al.The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of lead and comparison of its adsorption with copper[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,84(1):83-94.
[9]He Yuanyuan(何元渊),Qi Caiju(祁彩菊),Zhong Wanjun(仲万军),et al.A study on the adsorption of Pb2+in wastewater by walnut shell supported-Fe0[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2014,31(4):480-485.
[10]Nguyen T A H,Ngo H H,Guo W S,et al.Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148(7):574-585.
[11]Lu Yao(路瑶),Wei Xianyong(魏贤勇),Zhong Zhimin(宗志敏),et al.Structural investigation and application of lignins[J].Progress in Chemistry(化学进展),2013,25(5):838-858.
[12]Qian Yi(钱翌),Chu Xingfei(褚兴飞).Application of walnut shell and peanut hull in dealing soil contaminated by Pb[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(11):246-249.
[13]Qin Weiwei(秦微微),Zhang Ling(张凌).The technology of comprehensive utilization of walnut shell in China[J].The Food Industry(食品工业),2012,33(11):138-140.
[14]Cheng Liping(程利萍).Study on the preparation and biosorption properties of acrylic acid modified walnut shell for Pb2+[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2016.
[15]Wang Chunying(王春颖),Fang Pingyan(方平艳).Atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Leather Chemicals(皮革与化工),2007,24(1):14-18.
[16]Yuan Jinying(袁金颖),Luo Xudong(楼旭东),Pan Caiyuan(潘才元).Atom transfer radical polymerization reaction and its progress[J].Chemistry(化学通报),2000,63(3):10-16.
[17]Matyjaszewski K,Shipp D A,Wang J L,et al.Utilizing halide exchange to improve control of atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Macromolecules,2014,31(20):6836-6840.
[18]Oh J K,Min K,Matyjaszewski K.Preparation of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate)by homogeneous aqueous AGET ATRP[J].Macromolecules,2006,39(9):3161-3167.
[19]Zhang L,Cheng Z,Shi S,et al.AGET ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by Fe Cl3/iminodiacetic acid in the presence of air[J].Polymer,2008,49(13/14):3054-3059.
[20]Bai L,Zhang L,Zhu J,et al.Iron(Ⅲ)-mediated AGET ATRP of styrene using tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine as a ligand[J].Journal of Polymer Science,Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2009,47(8):2002-2008.
[21]Stoffelbach F,Belardi B,Santos J M R C A,et al.Use of an amphiphilic block copolymer as a stabilizer and a macroinitiator in miniemulsion polymerization under AGET ATRP conditions[J].Macromolecules,2007,40(25):8813-8816.
[22]Kwiatkowski P,Jurczak J,Pietrasik J,et al.High molecular weight polymethacrylates by AGET ATRP under high pressure[J].Macromolecules,2014,41(4):1067-1069.
[23]Xue Z G,Oh H S,Noh S K,et al.Phosphorus-containing ligands for iron(Ⅲ)-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Angewandte Chemie,2008,47(34):6426-6429.
[24]Li H F,Pan Z B,Cao P,et al.Fe(Ⅲ)-catalyzed grafting copolymerization of lignin with styrene and methyl methacrylate through AGET ATRP using triphenyl phosphine as a ligand[J].RSC Advances,2015,5(67):54387-54394.
[25]Cao Bingming(曹炳明),Fu Shuren(傅树人).Thermal stability analysis of a microcrystalline cellulose polyacrylamide graft copolymer[J].Chemical World(化学世界),1993,34(2):75-78.
[26]Chen Mingsen(陈明森),Sun Fameng(孙发孟),Zhou Hongwang(周泓望),et al.Solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate in polymerized high internal phase emulsions by ATRP[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering(高分子材料科学与工程),2016,32(9):32-37.