圈养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)个性及与麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系
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摘要
于2016年6月20日至8月10日在四川马尔康林麝繁育场开展,采用基于量表的个性评价法对172头(雌麝59头,雄麝113头)圈养林麝进行了个性评价,建立了圈养林麝个性维度,并探索了个性维度与其麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系。结果表明:因子分析各项载荷值均大于0.4,Cronbach'sα分析结果为0.648,表明个性量表具有较好的一致性信度和结构效度。此外,特征根大于1时,圈养林麝的侵略性、活跃性、刻板性、胆怯性及社会性五大个性维度可解释70.77%的个性信息,并通过聚类分析,进一步验证了维度划分的合理性;雄性林麝的社会性维度和麝香分泌量存在显著正相关(r=0.234,P<0.05),社会性越强(展现出更多的互饰接触、共同摄食等亲和行为的个体),其泌香量越高;侵略性(r=0.463,P<0.05)、活跃性(r=0.440,P<0.05)、刻板性(r=0.595,P<0.05)与雌性分娩时间存在显著正相关关系,即个性越强,分娩时间越晚,此外,刻板性与产仔数呈显著负相关(r=-0.341,P<0.05),表明圈养林麝的繁殖成效主要受刻板性维度影响,刻板性强的个体对繁殖成效会有一个负面的效应。
The study was carried out at the Maerkang musk deer farm( MMF),Sichuan Province,from June 20 to August10 th,2016. We used the personality scale to conduct personality evaluation of 172(59 female and 113 male) forest musk deer. The personality dimension of the captive forest musk deer was established and the relationship between the personality dimension and effect of musk secretion and reproduction was explored. The results showed that all load values of factor analysis were more than 0. 4 and results of Cronbach' s alpha analysis were 0. 648. This demonstrates that the personality scale shows consistently reliable and structurally valid results. Additionally,when the characteristic root was greater than 1,the five personality dimensions of aggression,activity,stereotypy,timidity,and sociality of the captive forest musk deer explained 70. 77% of personality information; the rationality of the dimension division was further verified by cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the sociality dimension and musk secretion( r = 0.234,P =0.023),higher sociality( individuals showing more intimate contact and co-ingestion),higher musk secretion was associated with greater aggressiveness( r = 0.463,P = 0.003<0.05),activity( r = 0.440,P = 0.005<0.05),and stereotypy(r= 0.595,P = 0.000<0.05) were significantly positively correlated with the time of delivery. A stronger personality was associated with a later delivery time,while stereotypy and litter size were significantly negatively correlated( r =-0.341,P = 0.034<0.05). These results indicate that the breeding effect of the captive forest musk deer was mainly influenced by the stereotypy dimension,and stereotypy individuals had a negative effect on reproductive effectiveness.
The study was carried out at the Maerkang musk deer farm( MMF),Sichuan Province,from June 20 to August10 th,2016. We used the personality scale to conduct personality evaluation of 172(59 female and 113 male) forest musk deer. The personality dimension of the captive forest musk deer was established and the relationship between the personality dimension and effect of musk secretion and reproduction was explored. The results showed that all load values of factor analysis were more than 0. 4 and results of Cronbach' s alpha analysis were 0. 648. This demonstrates that the personality scale shows consistently reliable and structurally valid results. Additionally,when the characteristic root was greater than 1,the five personality dimensions of aggression,activity,stereotypy,timidity,and sociality of the captive forest musk deer explained 70. 77% of personality information; the rationality of the dimension division was further verified by cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the sociality dimension and musk secretion( r = 0.234,P =0.023),higher sociality( individuals showing more intimate contact and co-ingestion),higher musk secretion was associated with greater aggressiveness( r = 0.463,P = 0.003<0.05),activity( r = 0.440,P = 0.005<0.05),and stereotypy(r= 0.595,P = 0.000<0.05) were significantly positively correlated with the time of delivery. A stronger personality was associated with a later delivery time,while stereotypy and litter size were significantly negatively correlated( r =-0.341,P = 0.034<0.05). These results indicate that the breeding effect of the captive forest musk deer was mainly influenced by the stereotypy dimension,and stereotypy individuals had a negative effect on reproductive effectiveness.
引文
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[13]Stapley J,Keogh J S.Behavioral syndromes influence mating systems:floater pairs of a lizard have heavier offspring.Behavioral Ecology,2005,16(3):514-520.
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[18]Bergvall U A,Schpers A,Kjellander P,Weiss A.Personality and foraging decisions in fallow deer,Dama dama.Animal Behaviour,2011,81(1):101-112.
[19]Wielebnowski N C.Behavioral differences as predictors of breeding status in captive cheetahs.Zoo Biology,1999,18(4):335-349.
[20]孟秀祥,冯金朝,周宜君,杨奇森,冯祚建,薛程,徐宏发.麝类行为谱的初步建构及行为型的描述性定义.四川动物,2007,26(1):46-50.
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[22]Watters J V,Powell D M.Measuring animal personality for use in population management in zoos:suggested methods and rationale.Zoo Biology,2012,31(1):1-12.
[23]Freeman E W,Schulte B A,Brown J L.Using behavioral observations and keeper questionnaires to assess social relationships among captive female African elephants.Zoo Biology,2010,29(2):140-153.
[24]李灿,辛玲.调查问卷的信度与效度的评价方法研究.中国卫生统计,2008,25(5):541-544.
[25]孟秀祥,杨奇森,冯祚建,徐宏发,冯金朝,周宜君.圈养马麝的刻板行为.东北林业大学学报,2007,35(1):47-48,57-57.
[26]孟秀祥,贡保草,薛达元,冯金朝,杨奇森,冯祚建.圈养马麝刻板行为表达频次及影响因素.生态学报,2011,31(22):6896-6901.
[27]毕书增,张治国,贾林征,关强,宋建民.麝泌香盛期后麝香腺囊的显微与超微结构和麝香分泌研究.兽类学报,1987,7(2):96-99.
[28]洪沂生,李复东,邓文明,李时万.麝泌香与雄性激素的关系.中药材科技,1981,(1):19-22.
[29]孙军平,蔡永华,杨营,王静,付文龙,程建国,孟秀祥.驯养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的繁殖节律:分娩定时及同步化.生态学报,2017,37(5):1611-1616.
[30]孟秀祥,杨奇森,冯祚建,施哲梅,蒋应文.马麝(Moschus sifanicus)的分娩时间格局.四川动物,2005,24(1):30-35.
[2]Zhou Y J,Meng X X,Feng J C,Yang Q S,Feng Z J,Xia L,Barto2 L.Review of the distribution,status and conservation of musk deer in China.Folia Zoologica,2004,53(2):129-140.
[3]杜卫国,盛和林.林麝哺乳期的时间分配和行为研究.兽类学报,1998,18(1):22-27.
[4]康发功,盛岩,马泠桃,孟秀祥.兴隆山自然保护区驯养马麝的麝香分泌及与其种群动态和年龄结构的关系.生态学报,2015,35(15):4993-4999.
[5]徐正强,徐宏发.圈养雌麝社会行为及其对后代的影响.兽类学报,2002,22(2):155-158,86-86.
[6]徐正强,徐宏发.饲养林麝的种群特征和幼麝的存活研究.兽类学报,2003,23(1):17-20.
[7]孟秀祥,杨奇森,冯祚建,冯金朝,周宜君,徐宏发.甘肃兴隆山保护区圈养雄性马麝繁殖性能的行为判别.动物学研究,2007,28(2):149-154.
[8]Sih A,Bell A,Johnson J C.Behavioral syndromes:an ecological and evolutionary overview.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2004,19(7):372-378.
[9]Bell A M.Animal personalities.Nature,2007,447(7144):539-540.
[10]Caspi A,Roberts B W,Shiner R L.Personality development:stability and change.Annual Review of Psychology,2005,56:453-484.
[11]Stamps J,Groothuis T G G.The development of animal personality:relevance,concepts and perspectives.Biological Reviews,2010,85(2):301-325.
[12]Carere C,Locurto C.Interaction between animal personality and animal cognition.Current Zoology,2011,57(4):491-498.
[13]Stapley J,Keogh J S.Behavioral syndromes influence mating systems:floater pairs of a lizard have heavier offspring.Behavioral Ecology,2005,16(3):514-520.
[14]Ariyomo T O,Watt P J.The effect of variation in boldness and aggressiveness on the reproductive success of zebrafish.Animal Behaviour,2012,83(1):41-46.
[15]Huntingford F A.The relationship between anti-predator behaviour and aggression among conspecifics in the three-spined stickleback,Gasterosteus Aculeatus.Animal Behaviour,1976,24(2):245-260.
[16]Wilson D S,Clark A B,Coleman K,Dearstyne T.Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1994,9(11):442-446.
[17]蔡永华,孙军平,杨营,王静,付文龙,朱萍,郑程莉,李宁,石磊,孟秀祥.迁地保育林麝体况及影响因素.生态学报,2017,37(5):1617-1622.
[18]Bergvall U A,Schpers A,Kjellander P,Weiss A.Personality and foraging decisions in fallow deer,Dama dama.Animal Behaviour,2011,81(1):101-112.
[19]Wielebnowski N C.Behavioral differences as predictors of breeding status in captive cheetahs.Zoo Biology,1999,18(4):335-349.
[20]孟秀祥,冯金朝,周宜君,杨奇森,冯祚建,薛程,徐宏发.麝类行为谱的初步建构及行为型的描述性定义.四川动物,2007,26(1):46-50.
[21]Gosling S D.From mice to men:what can we learn about personality from animal research?Psychological Bulletin,2001,127(1):45-86.
[22]Watters J V,Powell D M.Measuring animal personality for use in population management in zoos:suggested methods and rationale.Zoo Biology,2012,31(1):1-12.
[23]Freeman E W,Schulte B A,Brown J L.Using behavioral observations and keeper questionnaires to assess social relationships among captive female African elephants.Zoo Biology,2010,29(2):140-153.
[24]李灿,辛玲.调查问卷的信度与效度的评价方法研究.中国卫生统计,2008,25(5):541-544.
[25]孟秀祥,杨奇森,冯祚建,徐宏发,冯金朝,周宜君.圈养马麝的刻板行为.东北林业大学学报,2007,35(1):47-48,57-57.
[26]孟秀祥,贡保草,薛达元,冯金朝,杨奇森,冯祚建.圈养马麝刻板行为表达频次及影响因素.生态学报,2011,31(22):6896-6901.
[27]毕书增,张治国,贾林征,关强,宋建民.麝泌香盛期后麝香腺囊的显微与超微结构和麝香分泌研究.兽类学报,1987,7(2):96-99.
[28]洪沂生,李复东,邓文明,李时万.麝泌香与雄性激素的关系.中药材科技,1981,(1):19-22.
[29]孙军平,蔡永华,杨营,王静,付文龙,程建国,孟秀祥.驯养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的繁殖节律:分娩定时及同步化.生态学报,2017,37(5):1611-1616.
[30]孟秀祥,杨奇森,冯祚建,施哲梅,蒋应文.马麝(Moschus sifanicus)的分娩时间格局.四川动物,2005,24(1):30-35.