不同经营措施对鄂南毛竹笋用低产林形态特征及产量的影响
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摘要
采用2 100～2 550、2 700～3 150、3 300～3 750株/hm~2 3个立竹密度和复合肥、饼肥、配方肥3种施肥种类双因素试验设计,分析不同处理间鲜笋地径、笋高及鲜质量差异,研究不同经营措施对鄂南地区毛竹笋用低产林竹笋形态特征及产量的影响。结果表明:采取经营措施后,竹林竹笋产量显著高于CK。立竹密度和施肥种类的交互作用对毛竹笋地径有显著影响,其中,以高密度、复合肥处理的地径值最大,为9.65 cm,随着毛竹林立竹密度的增大,其形态特征由"胖、矮"型逐渐变为"瘦、高"型。立竹密度对毛竹笋产量的影响较施肥种类更为明显,较低立竹密度的竹林更有利于竹笋产量的提高。在不同处理中,产量最高的为低密度、复合肥处理,毛竹笋产量为2 174.40kg/hm~2;产量最低的为高密度、饼肥处理,为1 299.15 kg/hm~2。在自然立竹密度处理中,以配方肥的产量最高,为1 721.55 kg/hm~2,综合考虑经营成本等因素,在该地区毛竹笋用林的经营初期可考虑施用配方肥。
In this study, the ground diameter, height and fresh weight of Phyllostachys edulis shoots were analyzed by using two-factor experiments of living P. edulis density(2 100-2 550 tree/hm~2, 2 700-3 150 tree/hm~2, 3 300-3 750 tree/hm~2) and fertilization types(compound fertilizer, cake fertilizer, formula fertilizer). The results show that the yield of P. edulis shoots with management measures is significant higher than that in CK.The interaction of living density and fertilizer types have significant impacts on the ground diameter, of which the maximum value of the ground diameter is 9.65 cm with the treatment of high density and compound fertilizer.With the increasing density, the morphological features of P. edulis change from fat and short to thin and high.The effect of planting density on the P. edulis shoot yield is more obvious than that of fertilizing, and the P. edulis forest with lower density is more beneficial to increase P. edulis shoot yield. Among different treatments, the highest yield is low density and compound fertilizer treatment, which is 2 174.40 kg/hm~2, and the lowest output is high density and cake fertilizer treatment, which is 1 299.15 kg/hm~2. In natural P. edulis density treatment, the yield of formula fertilizer treatment is the highest, which is 1 721.55 kg/hm~2., taking into account the operating cost and soil pollution caused by fertilizer, the application of formula fertilizer can be considered at the initial stage of the forest management for P. edulis shoots in southern Hubei province.
In this study, the ground diameter, height and fresh weight of Phyllostachys edulis shoots were analyzed by using two-factor experiments of living P. edulis density(2 100-2 550 tree/hm~2, 2 700-3 150 tree/hm~2, 3 300-3 750 tree/hm~2) and fertilization types(compound fertilizer, cake fertilizer, formula fertilizer). The results show that the yield of P. edulis shoots with management measures is significant higher than that in CK.The interaction of living density and fertilizer types have significant impacts on the ground diameter, of which the maximum value of the ground diameter is 9.65 cm with the treatment of high density and compound fertilizer.With the increasing density, the morphological features of P. edulis change from fat and short to thin and high.The effect of planting density on the P. edulis shoot yield is more obvious than that of fertilizing, and the P. edulis forest with lower density is more beneficial to increase P. edulis shoot yield. Among different treatments, the highest yield is low density and compound fertilizer treatment, which is 2 174.40 kg/hm~2, and the lowest output is high density and cake fertilizer treatment, which is 1 299.15 kg/hm~2. In natural P. edulis density treatment, the yield of formula fertilizer treatment is the highest, which is 1 721.55 kg/hm~2., taking into account the operating cost and soil pollution caused by fertilizer, the application of formula fertilizer can be considered at the initial stage of the forest management for P. edulis shoots in southern Hubei province.
引文
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[14]吴东山,韦海,颜培栋,等.林分密度及立地条件对湿加松生长与产脂的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018(3):51-56.
[15]张文元,刘顺,盛可银,等.施肥对毛竹地上器官NPK含量及养分积累的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(5):749-755.
[16]涂佳,付宇佳,朱志文,等.施肥对泡桐人工林土壤微生物活性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(2):109-115.
[17]李永夫,姜培坤,刘娟,等.施肥对毛竹林土壤水溶性有机碳氮与温室气体排放的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(12):165-170.
[18]金爱武.现代毛竹培育技术及其传播:问题和方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[19]肖祥希,罗有盛,邱兴荣,等.毛竹笋产量的研究[J].福建林业科技,1997(3):24-27.
[20]马桂莲,吴江,张伟,等.不同施肥方式对毛竹冬笋产量和品质的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2017,37(1):59-62.
[21]李翀,周国模,施拥军,等.不同经营措施对毛竹林土壤有机碳的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):26-35.
[22]杜满义,封焕英,范少辉,等.闽西毛竹林不同施肥处理下土壤有机碳含量垂直分布与季节动态[J].林业科学,2017,53(3):12-20.
[2]陈建华,曹炜.稻草覆盖对毛竹笋用林增产效益的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(5):57-60.
[3]张斌.永丰毛竹林平衡施肥效益及养分变异规律研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2006.
[4]周国模,吴家森,姜培坤.不同管理模式对毛竹林碳贮量的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(6):51-55.
[5]张国防,缪碧华.毛竹经营管理的研究进展[J].福建林学院学报,2000,20(4):375-379.
[6]郭晓敏,牛德奎,张斌,等.集约经营毛竹林平衡施肥效应研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2005,25(4):84-88.
[7]郭晓敏,陈广生,牛德奎,等.平衡施肥对毛竹笋产量的影响效应研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(1):48-53.
[8]汪奎宏,高小辉.毛竹施肥技术经济效果研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(1):40-409.
[9]陈双林,吴柏林,张德明,等.笋材两用毛竹林冠层结构及其生产力功能研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(4):349-355.
[10]金爱武,黄宝龙.参与式技术发展在毛竹笋用林施肥管理中的应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(4):87-90.
[11]吴良如,钟浩,高贵宾,等.笋竹两用毛竹林立竹密度与竹笋产量关系研究[J].竹子学报,2014,33(2):25-28.
[12]刘顺,李林海,周桂香,等.毛竹林钾肥效应与平衡施肥研究[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):29-34.
[13]朱锦懋,黄茂提,陈由强,等.笋材两用毛竹林林分结构数量关系研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(4):483-488.
[14]吴东山,韦海,颜培栋,等.林分密度及立地条件对湿加松生长与产脂的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018(3):51-56.
[15]张文元,刘顺,盛可银,等.施肥对毛竹地上器官NPK含量及养分积累的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(5):749-755.
[16]涂佳,付宇佳,朱志文,等.施肥对泡桐人工林土壤微生物活性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(2):109-115.
[17]李永夫,姜培坤,刘娟,等.施肥对毛竹林土壤水溶性有机碳氮与温室气体排放的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(12):165-170.
[18]金爱武.现代毛竹培育技术及其传播:问题和方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[19]肖祥希,罗有盛,邱兴荣,等.毛竹笋产量的研究[J].福建林业科技,1997(3):24-27.
[20]马桂莲,吴江,张伟,等.不同施肥方式对毛竹冬笋产量和品质的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2017,37(1):59-62.
[21]李翀,周国模,施拥军,等.不同经营措施对毛竹林土壤有机碳的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):26-35.
[22]杜满义,封焕英,范少辉,等.闽西毛竹林不同施肥处理下土壤有机碳含量垂直分布与季节动态[J].林业科学,2017,53(3):12-20.