辽西地区北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征的差异性
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摘要
北票组是辽西地区重要的一套煤系地层,被认为是该区油气勘探的重要目的层.坤头营子剖面和卧龙剖面是该区较为有代表性的北票组地层剖面,对于研究北票组的沉积环境、有机质来源等具有重要意义.采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)等技术对2个剖面的烃源岩样品进行了分析测试,结果显示两组样品表现出不同的地球化学特征.坤头营子剖面的烃源岩样品抽提物正构烷烃的质量色谱图均为单峰态,主峰碳数以C_(19)为主,姥鲛烷/植烷比值(Pr/Ph)在3.0~4.0之间;甾烷系列中以C_(29)甾烷为优势,C_(23)三环萜烷含量相对较低,伽马蜡烷指数低(平均0.08).取自卧龙剖面的样品质量色谱图大部分呈现双峰态,Pr/Ph值低;甾烷系列中C_(27)占优势,萜烷系列中C_(23)三环萜烷含量高,具有较高的伽马蜡烷含量(平均0.23),且各项生标成熟度参数均已达到异构平衡化阶段.结合样品的全岩分析显微组分分析结果,认为两者主要差异可能是剖面附近的侵入岩造成,北票组烃源岩有机质具有陆源高等植物和低等水生生物双重来源,以陆源高等植物为主.
The Beipiao Formation,an important series of coal measure in western Liaoning Province,is considered as a key target for oil-gas exploration,within which two typical sections namely Kuntouyingzi and Wolong are of great significance to study the sedimentary environment and organic matter sources. With analytical tests on the source rock samples from both sections by GC-MS technique,the results indicate that two groups of samples show different geochemical characteristics as follows. The samples from Kuntouyingzi section show unimodal patterns in the n-alkane distribution with dominant peak of C_(19) and Pr/Ph of 3.0-4.0. Regular steranes are dominated by C_(29)-sterane,indicating higher plants. The terpene is characterized by low content of C_(23) tricyclic terpene and tetracyclic terpene with low gammacerane value(averagely 0.08). For the samples from Wolong section,the n-alkane is distributed in bimodal pattern with C18 as dominant peak and low Pr/Ph ratio(less than 0.4). The regular steranes are dominated by C_(27)-steranes. The terpenes feature high content of C_(23) tricyclic terpene with a relatively high gammacerane value(averagely0.23),and all the maturity parameters have reached the heterogeneous equilibrium stage. Combined with the whole rock maceral analysis results,it is thought that the main differences between the two may be caused by igneous intrusions near the sections. The organic matters are mainly derived from terrigenous higher plants plus a few lower aquatic organisms such as algae and bacteria.
The Beipiao Formation,an important series of coal measure in western Liaoning Province,is considered as a key target for oil-gas exploration,within which two typical sections namely Kuntouyingzi and Wolong are of great significance to study the sedimentary environment and organic matter sources. With analytical tests on the source rock samples from both sections by GC-MS technique,the results indicate that two groups of samples show different geochemical characteristics as follows. The samples from Kuntouyingzi section show unimodal patterns in the n-alkane distribution with dominant peak of C_(19) and Pr/Ph of 3.0-4.0. Regular steranes are dominated by C_(29)-sterane,indicating higher plants. The terpene is characterized by low content of C_(23) tricyclic terpene and tetracyclic terpene with low gammacerane value(averagely 0.08). For the samples from Wolong section,the n-alkane is distributed in bimodal pattern with C18 as dominant peak and low Pr/Ph ratio(less than 0.4). The regular steranes are dominated by C_(27)-steranes. The terpenes feature high content of C_(23) tricyclic terpene with a relatively high gammacerane value(averagely0.23),and all the maturity parameters have reached the heterogeneous equilibrium stage. Combined with the whole rock maceral analysis results,it is thought that the main differences between the two may be caused by igneous intrusions near the sections. The organic matters are mainly derived from terrigenous higher plants plus a few lower aquatic organisms such as algae and bacteria.
引文
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[13]蒋兴超,陈树旺,唐友军,等.内蒙古突泉盆地ZK-WJT钻井下侏罗统红旗组生烃潜力[J].地质通报,2013,32(8):1236-1242.
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[16]王琛,林丽,李德亮,等.黔西纳雍地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系生物标志物的特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(1):106-111.
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[18]孙敏卓,龙国徽,孟仟祥,等.塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩沥青“A”的地球化学特征[J].岩矿测试,2011,30(5):623-630.
[19]吴陈君,张明峰,刘艳,等.四川盆地古生界泥页岩的地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013(5):794-799.
[20]梁狄刚,郭彤楼,陈建平,等.中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(二)南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的地球化学特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(1):1-15.
[21]杨平,汪正江,谢渊,等.黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物特征和沉积环境[J].地质通报,2012,31(11):1910-1921.
[22]包建平,斯春松,蒋兴超,等.黔北坳陷过成熟烃源岩和固体沥青中正构烷烃系列的双峰态分布[J].沉积学报,2016,34(1):181-190.
[23]Peters K E,Walters C C,Moldowan J M.The biomarker guide:Volume 2,Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum exploration and earth history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[24]Haven H L T,De Leeuw J W,Schenck P A.Organic geochemical studies of a Messinian evaporitic basin,northern Apennines(Italy),I:Hydrocarbon biological markers for a hypersaline environment[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(10):2181-2191.
[25]Damste J S S,Kenig F,Koopmans M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(9):1895-1900.
[26]Schwark L,Vliex M,Schaeffer P.Geochemical characterization of Malm Zeta laminated carbonates from the Franconian Alb,SWGermany(II).Organic Geochemistry,1998,29(8):1921-1952.
[27]Song Z G,Qin Y,George S C,e t al.A biomarker study of depositional paleoenvironments and source inputs for the massive formation of Upper Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the Songliao Basin,China[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2013,385(9):137-151.
[2]何保,李茂丰,刘颖鑫.金岭寺-羊山盆地北票组烃源岩特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,120(3):25-27.
[3]甄甄,李永飞,郜晓勇,等.金羊盆地SZK01井下侏罗统北票组沉积相及其有机质特征[J].世界地质,2016,35(1):207-215.
[4]孙守亮,李永飞,陈树旺,等.金羊盆地北票组沉积环境及烃源岩有机地球化学特征[J].世界地质,2017,36(3):889-902.
[5]李永飞,郜晓勇,孙守亮,等.辽西金羊盆地北票组泥页岩有机地球化学特征——以SZK01钻孔岩心为例[J].地质论评,2015,61(S):673-674.
[6]孙守亮,李永飞,郜晓勇,等.辽西金羊盆地下侏罗统北票组页岩气地球化学特征及其成因[J].地质通报,2017,36(4):575-581.
[7]张坤.辽西金羊盆地北部北票组烃源岩地球化学特征及油砂成因研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2016.
[8]张坤,李永飞,唐友军,等.辽西金羊盆地北票组油砂饱和烃地球化学特征——以SZK02井为例[J].地质通报,2015,34(10):1929-1937.
[9]周立岱,赵明鹏.辽西金-羊盆地西缘断裂演化历史研究[J].辽宁地质,2015,16(4):11-16.
[10]王根厚,张长厚,王果胜,等.辽西地区中生代构造格局及其形成演化[J].现代地质,2001,15(1):1-7.
[11]和政军,牛宝贵,张新元.辽西朝阳地区晚侏罗世逆冲断裂及同构造沉积盆地系统[J].地质论评,200753(2):152-163.
[12]唐友军,陈践发.内蒙古西部额济纳旗苦水沟地区下石炭统白山组烃源岩分子化石的特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(6):888-894.
[13]蒋兴超,陈树旺,唐友军,等.内蒙古突泉盆地ZK-WJT钻井下侏罗统红旗组生烃潜力[J].地质通报,2013,32(8):1236-1242.
[14]张涛,李永飞,孙守亮,等.辽宁金羊盆地羊D1井油砂地球化学特征及意义[J].地质通报,2017,36(4):582-590.
[15]Waples D W.Time and temperature in petroleum formation:Application of Lopatin’s method to petroleum exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1981,64(6):916-926.
[16]王琛,林丽,李德亮,等.黔西纳雍地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系生物标志物的特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(1):106-111.
[17]林丽,周玉华,付修根,等.贵州瓮安地区早寒武世含磷岩系有机地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石,2010,30(1):93-98.
[18]孙敏卓,龙国徽,孟仟祥,等.塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩沥青“A”的地球化学特征[J].岩矿测试,2011,30(5):623-630.
[19]吴陈君,张明峰,刘艳,等.四川盆地古生界泥页岩的地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013(5):794-799.
[20]梁狄刚,郭彤楼,陈建平,等.中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(二)南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的地球化学特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(1):1-15.
[21]杨平,汪正江,谢渊,等.黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物特征和沉积环境[J].地质通报,2012,31(11):1910-1921.
[22]包建平,斯春松,蒋兴超,等.黔北坳陷过成熟烃源岩和固体沥青中正构烷烃系列的双峰态分布[J].沉积学报,2016,34(1):181-190.
[23]Peters K E,Walters C C,Moldowan J M.The biomarker guide:Volume 2,Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum exploration and earth history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[24]Haven H L T,De Leeuw J W,Schenck P A.Organic geochemical studies of a Messinian evaporitic basin,northern Apennines(Italy),I:Hydrocarbon biological markers for a hypersaline environment[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(10):2181-2191.
[25]Damste J S S,Kenig F,Koopmans M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(9):1895-1900.
[26]Schwark L,Vliex M,Schaeffer P.Geochemical characterization of Malm Zeta laminated carbonates from the Franconian Alb,SWGermany(II).Organic Geochemistry,1998,29(8):1921-1952.
[27]Song Z G,Qin Y,George S C,e t al.A biomarker study of depositional paleoenvironments and source inputs for the massive formation of Upper Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the Songliao Basin,China[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2013,385(9):137-151.