独联体国家传染病发病趋势分析
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摘要
目的:明确"一带一路"沿线独联体国家传染病的发病趋势及发病特点。方法:系统查阅世界卫生组织等权威网站及文献,采用文献归纳分析法和专家咨询论证法,理清独联体4国2009-2013年的传染病发病情况以及变化趋势。结果:2013年独联体4国报告了白喉、百日咳、风疹、黄热病、脊髓灰质炎、结核病、流行性腮腺炎、麻疹、破伤风、先天性风疹综合征、新生儿破伤风、艾滋病等12种疾病的发病情况,占WHO 23种常规传染病的52.17%。2013年独联体4国发病较中国严重的传染病主要有百日咳、结核病、艾滋病和白喉;中国较独联体4国发病严重的传染病主要有风疹、流行性腮腺炎、麻疹以及新生儿破伤风4种。结论:独联体国家普遍发病严重的传染病包括结核病、百日咳、艾滋病以及流行性腮腺炎。独联体国家中少数国家传染性疾病也时有发生。建议在与独联体国家交流合作的过程中与独联体国家建立传染性疾病防控的合作机制,共同努力降低两国严重传染性疾病的发病率。
Objective: To study the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in commonwealth of independent states(CIS) along the Belt and Road Initiative. Methods: Through systematic review of information and literature of authoritative websites such as World Health Organization(WHO),the paper summarized and analyzed the regional characteristics of infectious diseases in CIS countries from 2009 to 2013 by using literature induction analysis and expert consultation measures.Results: Among the 23 kinds of conventional diseases reported in the World Health Organization,12 kinds of diseases were reported in CIS countries in 2013,accounting for 52.17%,such as diphtheria,pertussis,rubella,yellow fever,poliomyelitis,tuberculosis,parotitis,Measles,tetanus,congenital rubella syndrome,neonatal tetanus,AIDS etc. Compared with China,the incidence of 4diseases,such as pertussis,tuberculosis,AIDS and diphtheria is higher in CIS countries. The incidence of 4 diseases,such as rubella,mumps,measles and neonatal tetanus is lower in CIS countries. Conclusion: Serious infectious diseases in CIS countries are tuberculosis,pertussis,AIDS and epidemic parotitis. In addition,few infectious diseases which appeared in few CIS countries should be paid attention of exit personnel. In the international exchange and cooperation with CIS countries,to establish a cooperative mechanism for the prevention and control of infectious diseases with CIS countries and work together to reduce the incidence of serious infectious diseases in both countries.
Objective: To study the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in commonwealth of independent states(CIS) along the Belt and Road Initiative. Methods: Through systematic review of information and literature of authoritative websites such as World Health Organization(WHO),the paper summarized and analyzed the regional characteristics of infectious diseases in CIS countries from 2009 to 2013 by using literature induction analysis and expert consultation measures.Results: Among the 23 kinds of conventional diseases reported in the World Health Organization,12 kinds of diseases were reported in CIS countries in 2013,accounting for 52.17%,such as diphtheria,pertussis,rubella,yellow fever,poliomyelitis,tuberculosis,parotitis,Measles,tetanus,congenital rubella syndrome,neonatal tetanus,AIDS etc. Compared with China,the incidence of 4diseases,such as pertussis,tuberculosis,AIDS and diphtheria is higher in CIS countries. The incidence of 4 diseases,such as rubella,mumps,measles and neonatal tetanus is lower in CIS countries. Conclusion: Serious infectious diseases in CIS countries are tuberculosis,pertussis,AIDS and epidemic parotitis. In addition,few infectious diseases which appeared in few CIS countries should be paid attention of exit personnel. In the international exchange and cooperation with CIS countries,to establish a cooperative mechanism for the prevention and control of infectious diseases with CIS countries and work together to reduce the incidence of serious infectious diseases in both countries.
引文
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[18]王晓平,闫世春,李韶梅,等.2012年“哈洽会”突发事件公共卫生风险评估[J].中国公共卫生管理,2012(6):778-779.
[19]梁珊珊.独联体国家专家在中国[J].国际人才交流,2012(9):29-31.
[20]张日铭.分析公共卫生管理应用在传染病预防中的具体策略[J].中国卫生产业,2015,12(31):91-93.
[21]郭青,张春曦,姬一兵,等.中国医疗机构传染病网络直报管理工作现状调查[J].疾病监测,2010,25(5):410-413
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[23]卜宏磊,刘智勇.全球卫生背景下的中国卫生检疫与跨国传染病控制[J].口岸卫生控制,2012,17(1):32-35.
[2]World Health Organization. Health Statistics 2013[EB/OL].[2018-10-21]. http://apps. who. int/gho/data/node.imr.
[3]World Bank. Population Estimates and Projections[EB/OL].[2018-10-21]. http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.
[4]田凤调,陈育德.实用卫生统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1994.
[5]耿贯一.流行病学(第2卷)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.
[6]王凌冰,何冰,田峰,等.新疆及接壤国家传染病流行概况分析[J].口岸卫生控制,2015(2):23-27.
[7]DIMITROVA B,HUTCHINGS A,ATUN R,等.俄罗斯Samara州医务人员结核病发病率上升:登记数据分析[J].结核病与肺部健康杂志,2005,8(2):9-13.
[8]PERELMAN M I,贺晓新.俄罗斯的结核病[J].结核病与肺部健康杂志,2001(2):59-64.
[9]迮文远.百日咳防治研究进展[J].中华流行病学杂志,2000,21(4):309-310.
[10]孟成艳,张文宏.全球百日咳疾病负担的现状与展望[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2006,12(4):318-321.
[11]ЛитвиновСК,张良贵.世界卫生组织关于进一步发展扩大免疫规划的意见[J].微生物学免疫学进展,1989(1):85-89.
[12]福章.未来20年将有7000万人死于艾滋病[J].家庭医学,2002(11):54.
[13]于新蕊,刘景东,张仲钦.流行性腮腺炎疫苗的全球应用[J].中国社会医学杂志,2000(2):81-84.
[14]Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Health information for travelers to Belarus[EB/OL].[2016-10-4].http://wwwnc. cdc. gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/Belarus.
[15]WHO. Widespread human influenza activity persists in northern hemisphere[EB/OL].[2016-10-4]. http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_12_23/en/.
[16]WHO. Human influenza activity still increasing in many countries and moving eastwards[EB/OL].[2016-10-4]. http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_01_07/en/.
[17]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,摩尔多瓦爆发端螺旋体病[EB/OL].[2016-10-4].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jgfl/wsjyjgs/ywxx/201210/t20121017_275555.htm.
[18]王晓平,闫世春,李韶梅,等.2012年“哈洽会”突发事件公共卫生风险评估[J].中国公共卫生管理,2012(6):778-779.
[19]梁珊珊.独联体国家专家在中国[J].国际人才交流,2012(9):29-31.
[20]张日铭.分析公共卫生管理应用在传染病预防中的具体策略[J].中国卫生产业,2015,12(31):91-93.
[21]郭青,张春曦,姬一兵,等.中国医疗机构传染病网络直报管理工作现状调查[J].疾病监测,2010,25(5):410-413
[22]黄志辉.医疗机构传染病预防控制工作现状调查分析[J].医学理论与实践,2014(8):1110-1111.
[23]卜宏磊,刘智勇.全球卫生背景下的中国卫生检疫与跨国传染病控制[J].口岸卫生控制,2012,17(1):32-35.