城市通风廊道治霾形成条件及其效益评估——以西安“地裂缝+通风廊道”建设为例
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摘要
围绕城市通风廊道建设形成的机理与条件,对城市通风廊道建设进行了评估,研究发现:城市规模、风力大小、廊道条件、外围区域环境要求以及污染源源强等是通风廊道治霾的主要影响因素,也是通风廊道建设考虑的重要条件;为降低成本,通风廊道建设还需充分结合城市的自然特性。基于成本收益分析法对西安市"地裂带+通风廊道"建设的经济可行性进行了效益评估,为通风廊道建设提供参考。
Ventilation corridor construction is a new way to deal with haze pollution and it is the breakthrough and development of the idea and method of haze control.In this regard,based on the mechanism and conditions of urban ventilation corridor construction,the construction of urban ventilation corridor was evaluated.The results found that the size of the city,the strength of the wind,the conditions of the corridor,the environmental requirements of the periphery area and the intensity of pollution are the main factors affecting the haze control by ventilation corridor,and these factors correspondingly become the important conditions for the construction of the ventilation corridor.To reduce construction costs,the construction of ventilation corridors needs to be fully integrated with the natural characteristics of the city.Taking Xi′an city as an example and based on the cost-benefit analysis,the benefit of the economic feasibility was conducted.
Ventilation corridor construction is a new way to deal with haze pollution and it is the breakthrough and development of the idea and method of haze control.In this regard,based on the mechanism and conditions of urban ventilation corridor construction,the construction of urban ventilation corridor was evaluated.The results found that the size of the city,the strength of the wind,the conditions of the corridor,the environmental requirements of the periphery area and the intensity of pollution are the main factors affecting the haze control by ventilation corridor,and these factors correspondingly become the important conditions for the construction of the ventilation corridor.To reduce construction costs,the construction of ventilation corridors needs to be fully integrated with the natural characteristics of the city.Taking Xi′an city as an example and based on the cost-benefit analysis,the benefit of the economic feasibility was conducted.
引文
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[2]URANO A,ICHINOSE T,HANAKI K.Thermal environment simulation for three dimensional replacement of urban activity[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999,81(1):197-210.
[3]BAKER J,WALKER H L,CAI X M.A study of the dispersion and transport of reactive pollutants in and above street canyons a large eddy simulation original research[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(39):6883-6892.
[4]刘姝宇,沈济黄.基于局地环流的城市通风道规划方法:以德国斯图加特市为例[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(10):1985-1991.
[5]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014(3):52-60.
[6]武汉市人民政府.武汉市城市总体规划(2010—2020年)[Z/OL].(2010-03)[2017-06-05].http://gtghj.wuhan.gov.cn/pc-0-61109.html.
[7]杜鹃.西安拟建城市“风道景区”让夏天更凉爽还能减少雾霾[N].华商报,2016-01-27(A3).
[8]新华网.南京划定6条通风走廊借“穿堂风”吹跑雾霾[Z/OL].(2014-05-13)[2017-06-07].http://www.Chinanews.com/sh/2014/05-13/6166499.shtml.
[9]邓琦.北京研究6条城市风道吹雾霾[N].新京报,2014-11-21.
[10]齐康.宜居环境整体建筑学构架研究(一):城市形态与建筑形[J].建筑与文化,2014(3):36-51.
[11]张云路,李雄.基于城市绿地系统空间布局优化的城市通风廊道规划探索:以晋中市为例[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(5):35-41.
[12]席宏正,焦胜,鲁利宇.夏热冬冷地区城市自然通风廊道营造模式研究:以长沙为例[J].华中建筑,2010,28(6):106-107.
[13]王晶.基于风环境的深圳市滨河街区建筑布局策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,2012.
[14]翁清鹏,张慧,包洪新,等.南京市通风廊道研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(11):89-94.
[15]孔祥鑫.北京将造五条城市通风廊道[N].中华工商时报,2016-02-26(004).
[16]刘培桐.环境学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.
[17]孙亮.灰霾天气成因危害及控制治理[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(10):71-75.
[18]苏钠,周典,孙宏生.城市新区通风廊道规划方法研究:以西咸新区为例[J].现代城市研究,2017(4):27-31.
[19]赵红斌,刘晖.盆地城市通风廊道营建方法研究:以西安市为例[J].中国园林,2014(11):32-35.
[20]王桂芝,顾赛菊,陈纪波.基于投入产出模型的北京市雾霾间接经济损失评估[J].环境工程,2016,34(1):121-125.
[21]王鸿,高俊宏,刘志永,等.西安市2013年空气质量状况分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(3):117-118.