长输管道事故模拟实装训练辅助装置设计及验证
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摘要
在中国油气管道安全防护日益严峻的形势下,长输管道应急事故救援力量难以开展真实工况训练。设计了由短距离装配式钢质管道与调节阀组成的长输管道事故模拟实装训练辅助装置,并进行相应的现场试验。结果表明:调节阀在某一特定开度下的实际压差流量曲线与相应长度的同管径管道的阻力特性基本一致,验证了选用调节阀模拟长距离管道水力摩阻的可行性。该装置通过敷设短距离管道,实现了在有限场地条件下与实际管道一致的上下游泵站工况,起到以短代长、减小训练规模、降低管道敷设工作量的作用,并能够更加准确地模拟管道泄漏、堵塞及阀门误动作等事故工况,提高了管道应急事故救援人员的训练水平。
The safety protection of domestic oil and gas pipelines is increasingly severe, and it is difficult for the emergency rescue teams of long-distance pipeline accidents to carry out actual working condition training. To solve this problem, a real-training auxiliary device for simulating long-distance pipeline accidents was designed and tested on site. This device is composed of short-distance assembled steel pipes and regulating valves. It is shown that the actual pressure differenceflow curve of the regulating valve at a certain opening is basically consistent with the resistance characteristic of the pipe with the same diameter and the corresponding length, which verifies further the feasibility of using the regulating valve to simulate the hydraulic frictional resistance of the long-distance pipeline. This device can provide the working conditions of the upstream and downstream pumping stations which are consistent with the actual pipeline under the limited site conditions by laying short-distance pipelines. Thus, the long is replaced with the short, and training scale and pipeline laying workload are reduced. Furthermore, the accident conditions which are consistent with the actual pipeline leakage, plugging and valve misoperation can be simulated more accurately, and the training level and benefits of emergency rescue teams are improved.
The safety protection of domestic oil and gas pipelines is increasingly severe, and it is difficult for the emergency rescue teams of long-distance pipeline accidents to carry out actual working condition training. To solve this problem, a real-training auxiliary device for simulating long-distance pipeline accidents was designed and tested on site. This device is composed of short-distance assembled steel pipes and regulating valves. It is shown that the actual pressure differenceflow curve of the regulating valve at a certain opening is basically consistent with the resistance characteristic of the pipe with the same diameter and the corresponding length, which verifies further the feasibility of using the regulating valve to simulate the hydraulic frictional resistance of the long-distance pipeline. This device can provide the working conditions of the upstream and downstream pumping stations which are consistent with the actual pipeline under the limited site conditions by laying short-distance pipelines. Thus, the long is replaced with the short, and training scale and pipeline laying workload are reduced. Furthermore, the accident conditions which are consistent with the actual pipeline leakage, plugging and valve misoperation can be simulated more accurately, and the training level and benefits of emergency rescue teams are improved.
引文
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[15]刘利,高升.水泵全特性曲线分析及对小管径长距离高扬程管道水力过渡过程的影响研究[J].给水排水,2012(增刊1):430-432.LIU L,GAO S.Analysis of full characteristic curve of water pump and its effect on hydraulic transition process of small diameter,long distance and high lift pipeline[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2012(S1):430-432.
[16]刘军,李自力,李彦.长距离压力输水管道工程管道出口调节阀的设计和应用[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):82-86.LIU J,LI Z L,LI Y.Design and application of outlet control valve for long-distance water delivery pipelines project[J].Water Purification Technology,2017,36(11):82-86.
[17]苏菲.阻塞流工况下控制阀的计算与选型[J].石油化工自动化,2013,49(2):20-22.SU F.Calculation and selection of control valve in chocked flow operating condition[J].Automation in Petro-Chemical Industry,2013,49(2):20-22.
[2]赵业林.石油输送管道泄漏应急处置思考[J].当代化工研究,2017(8):22-23.ZHAO Y L.Thinking on emergency treatment of leakage in petroleum transportation pipeline[J].Modern Chemical Research,2017(8):22-23.
[3]黄维和,郑洪龙,王婷.我国油气管道建设运行管理技术及发展展望[J].油气储运,2014,33(12):1259-1262.HUANG W H,ZHENG H L,WANG T.Construction and operation management technology and prospect of oil and gas pipelines in China[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(12):1259-1262.
[4]柏宗宪,李仁明,谢泱,等.石油管道运输技术研究[J].中国石油石化,2017(4):15-16.BAI Z X,LI R M,XIE Y,et al.Research on oil pipeline transportation technology[J].China Petrochem,2017(4):15-16.
[5]赵磊.输油管线泄漏事故初期应急处置研究[J].中国石油石化,2017(6):152-153.ZHAO L.Study on emergency treatment of initial leakage accidents in petroleum transportation pipeline[J].China Petrochem,2017(6):152-153.
[6]黄维和,郑洪龙,吴忠良.管道完整性管理在中国应用10年回顾与展望[J].天然气工业,2013,33(12):1-5.HUANG W H,ZHENG H L,WU Z L.Overview of pipeline integrity management application over the past decade and its prospect in future in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(12):1-5.
[7]郑洪龙,黄维和.油气管道及储运设施安全保障技术发展现状及展望[J].油气储运,2017,36(1):1-7.ZHENG H L,HUANG W H.Development status and prospect of safety insurance technologies for oil&gas pipelines and storage and transportation facilities[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(1):1-7.
[8]关中原,高辉,贾秋菊.油气管道安全管理及相关技术现状[J].油气储运,2015,34(5):457-463.GUAN Z Y,GAO H,JIA Q J.Oil/gas pipeline safety management and its technology status[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(5):457-463.
[9]BI W X,CHEN H Y,XUE Z Y,et al.Minimizing the grounding resistance of compact atomic protection anodic beds with finite element method[C].Texas:NACE International Corrosion Conference,2014:3859.
[10]SUDHEER S,PRABHU S V.Heat transfer in vertical casks engulfed in open pool fires[J].Journal of Fire Sciences,2013,31(6):541-562.
[11]孙德利,尚学辉,王长河.调节阀开度验算计算方法的确定[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2015(4):98-100.SUN D L,SHANG X H,WANG C H.The determination of calculation method for the opening of the regulating valve checking[J].Industrial Instrumentation&Automation,2015(4):98-100.
[12]王珊珊,陆佳铭.基于不同开度再热器喷水调节阀性能研究[J].机械工程师,2017(7):38-40.WANG S S,LU J M.Research on the performance of re-heater water regulating valve based on different opening degree[J].Mechanical Engineer,2017(7):38-40.
[13]徐佳颖.化工自动控制过程中气动调节阀的选择与应用探讨[J].化学工程与装备,2017(4):138-139.XU J Y.Selection and application of pneumatic control valve in chemical industry automatic control[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2017(4):138-139.
[14]张加恩,张世富,张起欣.调节阀在模拟长距离管道工况中的应用[J].油气储运,2010,29(2):155-157.ZHANG J E,ZHANG S F,ZHANG Q X.Application of regulating valves in simulating operation condition of longdistance pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2010,29(2):155-157.
[15]刘利,高升.水泵全特性曲线分析及对小管径长距离高扬程管道水力过渡过程的影响研究[J].给水排水,2012(增刊1):430-432.LIU L,GAO S.Analysis of full characteristic curve of water pump and its effect on hydraulic transition process of small diameter,long distance and high lift pipeline[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2012(S1):430-432.
[16]刘军,李自力,李彦.长距离压力输水管道工程管道出口调节阀的设计和应用[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):82-86.LIU J,LI Z L,LI Y.Design and application of outlet control valve for long-distance water delivery pipelines project[J].Water Purification Technology,2017,36(11):82-86.
[17]苏菲.阻塞流工况下控制阀的计算与选型[J].石油化工自动化,2013,49(2):20-22.SU F.Calculation and selection of control valve in chocked flow operating condition[J].Automation in Petro-Chemical Industry,2013,49(2):20-22.