基于超前加固的深埋隧道围岩力学特性研究
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摘要
为了提高隧道施工过程中开挖面及围岩的稳定性,超前加固措施得到了广泛应用,而如何正确评价围岩加固后的力学特性对隧道围岩稳定性判别和支护结构设计是极其重要的。为研究超前加固条件下隧道围岩的力学行为,将深埋圆形隧道简化为静水压力作用下的平面应变模型,引入等效加固区来体现超前加固的效果,提出了考虑超前加固的隧道围岩力学分析模型。基于广义Hoek-Brown屈服准则和非关联流动法则,在对塑性区可能的分布情况进行分析的基础上,对全断面加固方式下围岩位移、应力和塑性区半径进行了理论推导,通过与实测值和数值计算结果进行对比,验证了该文方法的正确性和合理性,并通过与传统方法进行比较,进一步探讨了该文公式在支护设计中的工程意义。研究表明,该文计算结果与实测值和数值计算结果基本吻合,且在指导支护设计时比传统方法更具优越性。该文研究成果更好地反映了超前加固措施对于围岩的作用效果,为超前加固的定量化设计提供理论依据,研究成果可为全断面加固方式下隧道工程的支护设计及安全性评价提供参考。
In order to guarantee the stability of excavation face and surrounding rock in a construction process, ground reinforcement measures have been widely used, and how to properly evaluate the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock under the action of reinforcement is very important to tunnel design and to stability analysis. To investigate the mechanical behavior of tunnels under the effect of ground reinforcement, the deep buried circular tunnel is simplified as a plane strain model. The equivalent reinforced region is introduced to present the strengthening of ground mechanical property. Taking the ground reinforcement into consideration, a mechanical analytical model of tunnel surrounding rock is proposed. Based on the generalized Hoek-Brown yield criterion and non-associated flow rule, the displacement, stress and plastic zone radius of surrounding rock are derived in the presence of full-face type ground reinforcement, by analyzing the possible distribution of plastic zone. The validity and rationality of the method is verified by comparing with the in-situ measured value and numerical results, and the engineering significance of this formula in the design of support is further discussed by comparing with the traditional method. The results of the study show that the calculation results agree with the in-situ measured value and numerical results, and it is more advantageous than the traditional method in guiding the design of the support. The results of this paper better reflect the effect of ground reinforcement measures on the surrounding rock, providing a theoretical basis for the quantitative design of advanced reinforcement, thus providing a reference for tunnel design and safety evaluation under full-face reinforcement.
In order to guarantee the stability of excavation face and surrounding rock in a construction process, ground reinforcement measures have been widely used, and how to properly evaluate the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock under the action of reinforcement is very important to tunnel design and to stability analysis. To investigate the mechanical behavior of tunnels under the effect of ground reinforcement, the deep buried circular tunnel is simplified as a plane strain model. The equivalent reinforced region is introduced to present the strengthening of ground mechanical property. Taking the ground reinforcement into consideration, a mechanical analytical model of tunnel surrounding rock is proposed. Based on the generalized Hoek-Brown yield criterion and non-associated flow rule, the displacement, stress and plastic zone radius of surrounding rock are derived in the presence of full-face type ground reinforcement, by analyzing the possible distribution of plastic zone. The validity and rationality of the method is verified by comparing with the in-situ measured value and numerical results, and the engineering significance of this formula in the design of support is further discussed by comparing with the traditional method. The results of the study show that the calculation results agree with the in-situ measured value and numerical results, and it is more advantageous than the traditional method in guiding the design of the support. The results of this paper better reflect the effect of ground reinforcement measures on the surrounding rock, providing a theoretical basis for the quantitative design of advanced reinforcement, thus providing a reference for tunnel design and safety evaluation under full-face reinforcement.
引文
[1]汪成兵,朱合华.隧道塌方机制及其影响因素离散元模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):450―456.Wang Chengbing,Zhu Hehua.Tunnel collapse mechanism and numerical analysis of its influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(3):450―456.(in Chinese)
[2]陈秋南,张永兴,刘新荣,等.隧道塌方区加固后的施工监测与仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):158―161.Chen Qiunan,Zhang Yongxing,Liu Xinrong,et al.In-situ monitoring and FEM simulation analysis of consolidation for a collapsed highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):158―161.(in Chinese)
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[4]孙毅,张顶立.隧道复杂支护结构体系的协同作用原理[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):52―62.Sun Yi,Zhang Dingli.Synergy principle of complex supporting structural systems in tunnels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):52―62.(in Chinese)
[5]张顶立,王梦恕,高军,等.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):290―296.Zhang Dingli,Wang Mengshu,Gao Jun,et al.Construction technique of large-spanned tunnel under condition of complicated surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):290―296.(in Chinese)
[6]张顶立,陈立平.隧道围岩的复合结构特性及其荷载效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,34(6):2433―2442.Zhang Dingli,Chen Liping.Compound structural characteristics and load effect of tunnel surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,34(6):2433―2442.(in Chinese)
[7]师晓权,张志强,李化云.软弱围岩隧道超前预加固技术试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1803―1809.Shi Xiaoquan,Zhang Zhiqiang,Li Huayun.Experimental study of pre-reinforcement technology for weak surrounding rock of tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1803―1809.(in Chinese)
[8]王占生,张顶立.浅埋暗挖隧道近距下穿既有地铁的关键技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4208―4214.Wang Zhansheng,Zhang Dingli.Key techniques on shallow embedded tunnel constructed beneath existing subway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Suppl 2):4208―4214.(in Chinese)
[9]Indraratna B,Kaiser P K.Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolts[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14(4):227―251.
[10]Indraratna B,Kaiser P K.Design for grouted rock bolts based on the convergence control method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(4):269―81.
[11]Peila D,Oreste P P.Axisymmetric analysis of ground reinforcing in tunneling design[J].Computers in Geotechnics,1995,17(2):253―274.
[12]Fang Q,Zhang D L,Zhou P,et al.Ground reaction curves for deep circular tunnels considering the effect of ground reinforcement[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,60(6):401―412.
[13]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固区参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280―288.Li Pengfei,Zhang Dingli,Zhao Yong,et al.Study of distribution law of water pressure acting on composite lining and reasonable parameters of grouting circle for subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280―288.(in Chinese)
[14]高峰,谭绪凯.隧道围岩注浆加固效应模拟方法研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,11(11):82―86.Gao Feng,Tan Xukai.Research on the numerical simulation method of grouting in tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2014,11(11):82―86.(in Chinese)
[15]Carranza-Torres C,Fairhurst C.Application of the convergence-confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(2):187―213.
[16]Hoek E,Caranza-Torres C T,Corcum B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion[C]//Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society.Toronto:Mining Innovation and Technology,2002:267―273.
[17]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:310―311.Cai Meifeng,He Manchao,Liu Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:310―311.(in Chinese)
[18]Brown E T,Bray J W,Ladanyi B,et al.Ground response curves for rock tunnels[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1983,109(1):15―39.
[19]蔡海兵,程桦,荣传新.基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的深埋硐室围岩塑性区位移分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):778―785.Cai Haibing,Cheng Hua,Rong Chuanxin.Analysis on rock plastic zone displacement of deep buried underground chamber based on generalized Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):778―785.(in Chinese)
[20]杨高波,亓波.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:19―24.Yang Gaobo,Qi Bo.MATLAB 7.0 mixed programming[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2006:19―24.(in Chinese)
[21]Oreste P P.Analysis of structural interaction in tunnels using the convergence-confinement approach[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2003,18(4):347―363.
[22]Hoek E,Brown E T.Practical estimates or rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1997,34(8):1165―1186.
[23]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:43―44.Liu Bo,Han Yanhui.FLAC in theoretical,example application and user’s guide[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:43―44.(in Chinese)
[24]Oreste P P.The convergence–confinement method:roles and limits in modern geomechanical tunnel design[J].American Journal of Applied Sciences,2009,6(4):757―771.
[25]温森,杨圣奇.基于Hoek-Brown准则的隧洞围岩变形研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):63―69.Wen Sen,Yang Shengqi.Study of deformations of surrounding rock of tunnel based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):63―69.(in Chinese)
[26]吴顺川,潘旦光,高永涛.深埋圆形巷道围岩和衬砌相互作用解析解[J].工程力学,2011,28(3):136―142.Wu Shunchuan,Pan Danguang,Gao Yongtao.Analytic solution for rock-liner interaction of deep circular tunnel[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(3):136―142.(in Chinese)
[27]Carranza-Torres C,Rysdahl B,Kasim M.On the elastic analysis of a circular lined tunnel considering the delayed installation of the support[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2013,61(10):57―85.
[28]Carranza-Torres C.Elasto-plastic solution of tunnel problems using the generalized form of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(Suppl 1):629―639.
[2]陈秋南,张永兴,刘新荣,等.隧道塌方区加固后的施工监测与仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):158―161.Chen Qiunan,Zhang Yongxing,Liu Xinrong,et al.In-situ monitoring and FEM simulation analysis of consolidation for a collapsed highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):158―161.(in Chinese)
[3]台启民,张顶立,房倩,等.软弱破碎围岩隧道超前支护确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):109―118.Tai Qimin,Zhang Dingli,Fang Qian,et al.Determination of advance supports in tunnel construction under unfavorable rock conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):109―118.(in Chinese)
[4]孙毅,张顶立.隧道复杂支护结构体系的协同作用原理[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):52―62.Sun Yi,Zhang Dingli.Synergy principle of complex supporting structural systems in tunnels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):52―62.(in Chinese)
[5]张顶立,王梦恕,高军,等.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):290―296.Zhang Dingli,Wang Mengshu,Gao Jun,et al.Construction technique of large-spanned tunnel under condition of complicated surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):290―296.(in Chinese)
[6]张顶立,陈立平.隧道围岩的复合结构特性及其荷载效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,34(6):2433―2442.Zhang Dingli,Chen Liping.Compound structural characteristics and load effect of tunnel surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,34(6):2433―2442.(in Chinese)
[7]师晓权,张志强,李化云.软弱围岩隧道超前预加固技术试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1803―1809.Shi Xiaoquan,Zhang Zhiqiang,Li Huayun.Experimental study of pre-reinforcement technology for weak surrounding rock of tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1803―1809.(in Chinese)
[8]王占生,张顶立.浅埋暗挖隧道近距下穿既有地铁的关键技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4208―4214.Wang Zhansheng,Zhang Dingli.Key techniques on shallow embedded tunnel constructed beneath existing subway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Suppl 2):4208―4214.(in Chinese)
[9]Indraratna B,Kaiser P K.Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolts[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14(4):227―251.
[10]Indraratna B,Kaiser P K.Design for grouted rock bolts based on the convergence control method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(4):269―81.
[11]Peila D,Oreste P P.Axisymmetric analysis of ground reinforcing in tunneling design[J].Computers in Geotechnics,1995,17(2):253―274.
[12]Fang Q,Zhang D L,Zhou P,et al.Ground reaction curves for deep circular tunnels considering the effect of ground reinforcement[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,60(6):401―412.
[13]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固区参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280―288.Li Pengfei,Zhang Dingli,Zhao Yong,et al.Study of distribution law of water pressure acting on composite lining and reasonable parameters of grouting circle for subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280―288.(in Chinese)
[14]高峰,谭绪凯.隧道围岩注浆加固效应模拟方法研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,11(11):82―86.Gao Feng,Tan Xukai.Research on the numerical simulation method of grouting in tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2014,11(11):82―86.(in Chinese)
[15]Carranza-Torres C,Fairhurst C.Application of the convergence-confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(2):187―213.
[16]Hoek E,Caranza-Torres C T,Corcum B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion[C]//Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society.Toronto:Mining Innovation and Technology,2002:267―273.
[17]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:310―311.Cai Meifeng,He Manchao,Liu Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:310―311.(in Chinese)
[18]Brown E T,Bray J W,Ladanyi B,et al.Ground response curves for rock tunnels[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1983,109(1):15―39.
[19]蔡海兵,程桦,荣传新.基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的深埋硐室围岩塑性区位移分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):778―785.Cai Haibing,Cheng Hua,Rong Chuanxin.Analysis on rock plastic zone displacement of deep buried underground chamber based on generalized Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):778―785.(in Chinese)
[20]杨高波,亓波.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:19―24.Yang Gaobo,Qi Bo.MATLAB 7.0 mixed programming[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2006:19―24.(in Chinese)
[21]Oreste P P.Analysis of structural interaction in tunnels using the convergence-confinement approach[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2003,18(4):347―363.
[22]Hoek E,Brown E T.Practical estimates or rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1997,34(8):1165―1186.
[23]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:43―44.Liu Bo,Han Yanhui.FLAC in theoretical,example application and user’s guide[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:43―44.(in Chinese)
[24]Oreste P P.The convergence–confinement method:roles and limits in modern geomechanical tunnel design[J].American Journal of Applied Sciences,2009,6(4):757―771.
[25]温森,杨圣奇.基于Hoek-Brown准则的隧洞围岩变形研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):63―69.Wen Sen,Yang Shengqi.Study of deformations of surrounding rock of tunnel based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):63―69.(in Chinese)
[26]吴顺川,潘旦光,高永涛.深埋圆形巷道围岩和衬砌相互作用解析解[J].工程力学,2011,28(3):136―142.Wu Shunchuan,Pan Danguang,Gao Yongtao.Analytic solution for rock-liner interaction of deep circular tunnel[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(3):136―142.(in Chinese)
[27]Carranza-Torres C,Rysdahl B,Kasim M.On the elastic analysis of a circular lined tunnel considering the delayed installation of the support[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2013,61(10):57―85.
[28]Carranza-Torres C.Elasto-plastic solution of tunnel problems using the generalized form of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(Suppl 1):629―639.