1000kV特高压变压器的GIC无功效应分析
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摘要
地磁暴导致变压器损毁及电网事故的原因是输电线路的地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)流经变压器的次生干扰所致,尤其1000 kV特高压变压器的GIC响应机制及大电网中的GIC无功(GIC-Q)效应是制定防御地磁暴灾害的策略迫切需要解决的问题。根据2017年9月8日地磁暴侵害山东昌乐站1000kV特高压变压器高中压侧的无功功率的实测数据,以及山东安丘地磁台的地电场实测数据,推导建立了基于变电站同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit,PMU)量测无功数据和地电场数据计算、验证1000 kV特高压单相自耦变压器的GIC-Q扰动的模型,完成了2017年9月8日地磁暴GIC侵害昌乐站1000 kV变压器的GIC-Q扰动的理论计算。对计算结果的分析表明,利用PMU量测无功数据能有效计算分析变压器的GIC-Q扰动,这对基于电网调度运行防御地磁暴电网灾害具有重要的意义。
Research of geomagnetically induced current(GIC) has made significant progress in China's power grids. As the power grids are equipped with large scale transformers in large number, it is of great importance to have a good knowledge of the effects of GIC reactive power(GIC-Q) disturbance on security of power grids, and to establish the strategy preventing GIC by taking advantage of phasor measurement unit(PMU) of transformers to accumulate and collect secondary GIC-Q of the transformers harmed by GIC. According to the production mechanism of the GIC-Q of transformer, this paper established a method to calculate the GIC-Q of the transformer based on the measured reactive power of PMU, calculated the GIC-Q based on the real-practice PMU data of the 1000kV autotransformer in Changle, Shandong, attacked by geomagnetic storm on Sep. 8, 2017, and analyzed effectiveness of the model and algorithm proposed in this paper. According to the results, the GIC-Q of the transformer was effectively calculated based on the PMU measurement data of the transformer, which is of great significance for preventing geomagnetic storm disasters based on power grid dispatching and operation.
Research of geomagnetically induced current(GIC) has made significant progress in China's power grids. As the power grids are equipped with large scale transformers in large number, it is of great importance to have a good knowledge of the effects of GIC reactive power(GIC-Q) disturbance on security of power grids, and to establish the strategy preventing GIC by taking advantage of phasor measurement unit(PMU) of transformers to accumulate and collect secondary GIC-Q of the transformers harmed by GIC. According to the production mechanism of the GIC-Q of transformer, this paper established a method to calculate the GIC-Q of the transformer based on the measured reactive power of PMU, calculated the GIC-Q based on the real-practice PMU data of the 1000kV autotransformer in Changle, Shandong, attacked by geomagnetic storm on Sep. 8, 2017, and analyzed effectiveness of the model and algorithm proposed in this paper. According to the results, the GIC-Q of the transformer was effectively calculated based on the PMU measurement data of the transformer, which is of great significance for preventing geomagnetic storm disasters based on power grid dispatching and operation.
引文
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[11]Kappenman J G.Geomagnetic storms and their impact on power systems[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,1996,16(5):5.
[12]袁学成.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:54-55.
[13]Pirjola R.Review on the calculation of surface electric and magnetic fields and of geomagnetically induced currents in ground-based technological systems[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2002,23(1):71-90.
[14]Horton R,Boteler D H,Overbye T,et al.A test case for the calculation of geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(4):2368-2373.
[15]刘春明,林晨翔,王小宁,等.海岸效应对电网地磁感应电流的影响[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2716-2722.Liu Chunming,Lin Chenxiang,Wang Xiaoning,et al.Influence of coast effect on geomagnetically induced currents in power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2716-2722(in Chinese).
[2]刘连光,王开让,郭世晓,等,双电压等级电网GIC的相互作用特征[J].中国科学:技术科学,2015,45(12):1311-1320.Liu Lianguang,Wang Kairang,Guo Shixiao,et al.Characteristics of GIC interaction in a dual-voltage-level power network[J].Sci Sin Tech,2015,45(12):1311-1320(in Chinese).
[3]Liu C M,Liu L G,Pirjola R,et al.Calculation of GIC in mid-low-latitude power grids based on the plane wave method:Apreliminary case study[J].Space Weather,2009,7(4):S04005.
[4]Marti L,Rezaei-Zare A,Narang A.Simulation of transformer hot-spot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):320-327.
[5]Rezaei-Zare A.Reactive power loss versus GIC characteristic of single-phase transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1639-1640.
[6]Liu C M,Liu L G,Pirjola R.Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltage power grid in China[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(4):2368-2374.
[7]Space Environment Prediction Center.Kp指数预报[EB/OL].2017-09-08[2017-09-08].http://www.sepc.ac.cn/.
[8]刘连光,陈剑,王茂海,等.采用变压器量测无功分析GIC-Q扰动的方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1157-1163.Liu Lianguang,Chen Jian,Wang Maohai,et al.Analysis of reactive power loss disturbance caused by geomagnetically induced current with measured reactive power[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1157-1163(in Chinese).
[9]Marti L,Berge J,Varma R K.Determination of geomagnetically induced current flow in a transformer from reactive power absorption[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1280-1288.
[10]刘希峰,安滨,陈彬彬,等.1000 k V特高压泉城站主变压器特点解析[J].山东电力技术,2017,44(2):37-42.Liu Xifeng,An Bin,Chen Binbin,et al.Analysis on characteristics of the Quancheng 1000 k V UHV station[J].Shandong Electric Power,2017,44(2):37-42(in Chinese).
[11]Kappenman J G.Geomagnetic storms and their impact on power systems[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,1996,16(5):5.
[12]袁学成.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:54-55.
[13]Pirjola R.Review on the calculation of surface electric and magnetic fields and of geomagnetically induced currents in ground-based technological systems[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2002,23(1):71-90.
[14]Horton R,Boteler D H,Overbye T,et al.A test case for the calculation of geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(4):2368-2373.
[15]刘春明,林晨翔,王小宁,等.海岸效应对电网地磁感应电流的影响[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2716-2722.Liu Chunming,Lin Chenxiang,Wang Xiaoning,et al.Influence of coast effect on geomagnetically induced currents in power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2716-2722(in Chinese).