包头市三类湿地中重金属污染程度及生物富集研究
|
摘要
以昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地、小白河黄河湿地以及尾矿库南侧湿地为研究样地,以底泥、藻类、昆虫和花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)为研究对象,评价了湿地底泥重金属污染程度,以及重金属沿两栖类食物链(网)的富集与放大作用。结果显示:昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地底泥中重金属未超出背景值,而小白河黄河湿地与尾矿库南侧湿地除Mn以外,其他金属含量均不同程度地超出背景值。昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地、小白河黄河湿地和尾矿库南侧湿地底泥的污染负荷指数分别为0.35、1.56和2.54。Cu和Cr在花背蟾蜍肝脏中富集程度显著高于肌肉组织(P<0.05),且以Cu的富集系数最大。结果表明:各样地底泥重金属污染程度顺序为尾矿库南侧湿地>小白河黄河湿地>昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地。重金属Cu和Cr易在花背蟾蜍肝脏中富集。研究成果可为当地湿地重金属污染评价及两栖类的保护提供数据支持。
This study chose the Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir, Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River, and the Wetland on the south of a tailings pond as the study sites, and took the sediments, algae, insects, and Bufo raddei as the study objects, and evaluated the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments and the bio-concentration and amplification effect of heavy metals along the amphibians' food chain. The results showed that: the contents of heavy metals of Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir were below the soil background values, while all of the heavy metal contents of the Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River and the Wetland to the south of tailings pond exceeded the soil background values to different degrees, except for the content of Mn. The pollution load indexes of Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir, Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River, and the Wetland on the south of tailings pond were 0.35, 1.56 and 2.54, respectively. The enrichment capacities of Cu and Cr in the liver of Bufo raddei were significantly higher than that in muscular tissues(P<0.05), especially Cu had the largest enrichment coefficient. The results indicated that the pollution degree of sediments in the three wetlands was: Wetland on the south of tailings pond>Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River>Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir. Cu and Cr were easy to enrich in the liver of Bufo raddei, and this study could provide data and theoretical support for the assessment of heavy metal pollution and the protection of amphibians in the local wetlands.
This study chose the Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir, Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River, and the Wetland on the south of a tailings pond as the study sites, and took the sediments, algae, insects, and Bufo raddei as the study objects, and evaluated the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments and the bio-concentration and amplification effect of heavy metals along the amphibians' food chain. The results showed that: the contents of heavy metals of Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir were below the soil background values, while all of the heavy metal contents of the Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River and the Wetland to the south of tailings pond exceeded the soil background values to different degrees, except for the content of Mn. The pollution load indexes of Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir, Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River, and the Wetland on the south of tailings pond were 0.35, 1.56 and 2.54, respectively. The enrichment capacities of Cu and Cr in the liver of Bufo raddei were significantly higher than that in muscular tissues(P<0.05), especially Cu had the largest enrichment coefficient. The results indicated that the pollution degree of sediments in the three wetlands was: Wetland on the south of tailings pond>Yellow River Wetland in Xiaobai River>Taoerwan Wetland in Kundulun Reservoir. Cu and Cr were easy to enrich in the liver of Bufo raddei, and this study could provide data and theoretical support for the assessment of heavy metal pollution and the protection of amphibians in the local wetlands.
引文
[1] 代静, 司万童, 赵雪波, 等. 稀土尾矿库周边湿地土壤养分的垂直分布特征[J]. 环境工程, 2016, 34 (12): 158-161.
[2] Karadede-Akin H, ünlü E. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, fish and some benthic organisms from Tigris River, turkey[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2007, 131(1/3): 323.
[3] 简敏菲, 李玲玉, 余厚平, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地水体与底泥重金属污染及其对沉水植物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(1): 96-105.
[4] 朱嵬, 李志刚, 李健, 等. 宁夏黄河流域湖泊湿地底泥重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 35(29): 281-288.
[5] 曹会兰, 李吉锋, 张红侠. 黄河渭南段湿地底泥重金属污染及潜在危害分析[J]. 渭南师范学院学报, 2014, 29(23): 37-40.
[6] 涂宗财, 庞娟娟, 郑婷婷, 等. 吴城鄱阳湖自然保护区鱼体中重金属的富集及安全性评价[J]. 水生生物学报, 2017, 41(4): 878-883.
[7] Yang R Q, Yao T D, Xu B Q, et al. Accumulation features of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in fish from high mountain lakes and Lhasa River in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environment International, 2007, 33(2): 151-156.
[8] 蔡深文, 倪朝辉, 刘斌, 等. 赤水河主要经济鱼类重金属含量及风险评价[J]. 淡水渔业, 2017, 47(3): 105-112.
[9] Candy C A, Angel J, Maria C, Ramon F. Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in scirpus americanus and typha latifolia from an Artificial Lagoon in San Luis Potosi, Mexico[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2008, 188(1): 297-309.
[10] Karadede H, Oymak S A, Unlu E. Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey[J]. Environment International, 2004, 30(2): 183-188.
[11] Ikem A, Egiebor N O, Nyavor K. Trace elements on water, fish and sediment from Tuskegee Lake, southeastern USA[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 149(1/4):51-75.
[12] Si W T, Zhang W Y, Yue L, et al. Heavy Metal Removal in a Constructed Wetland and Benefits for the Development of the Toad Bufo raddei[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2014, 23(6): 2207-2215.
[13] 司万童, 刘娟, 王少卓, 等. 尾矿库渗漏水污染对玉米种子的毒性效应[J]. 种子, 2014, 33 (12): 19-22.
[14] 司万童,代静,赵雪波,等.稀土尾矿库湿地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J]. 人民黄河, 2017, 39(8): 71-75.
[15] Rashed M N. Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals, from mine tailings through age accumulation, in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 178 (1/3): 739.
[16] 魏复盛, 陈静生, 吴燕玉, 等. 中国土壤环境背景值研究[J]. 环境科学, 1991, 12(4):12-19.
[17] 高红霞, 王喜宽, 张青, 等. 内蒙古河套地区土壤背景值特征[J]. 地质与资源, 2007, 16(3): 209-212.
[18] Maprani A C, Macquarrie K T. Effects of acid-sulfate weathering and cyanide-containing gold tailings on the transport and fate of mercury and other metals in Gossan Creek: Murray Brook mine, New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2006, 21(11): 1969-1985.
[19] Kraus U, Wiegand J. Long-term effects of the Aznalcóllar mine spill-heavy metal content and mobility in soils and sediments of the Guadiamar river valley (SW Spain)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 367(2/3): 855-871.
[20] 孙文广, 甘卓亭, 孙志高, 等. 黄河口新生湿地土壤Fe和Mn元素的空间分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(11): 4411-4419.
[21] Tian L F, Hu Ji-Wei, Luo G L, et al. Heavy metals in muscle tissues and organs of fish species from Lake Baihua[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2012, 36(5): 714.
[2] Karadede-Akin H, ünlü E. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, fish and some benthic organisms from Tigris River, turkey[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2007, 131(1/3): 323.
[3] 简敏菲, 李玲玉, 余厚平, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地水体与底泥重金属污染及其对沉水植物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(1): 96-105.
[4] 朱嵬, 李志刚, 李健, 等. 宁夏黄河流域湖泊湿地底泥重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 35(29): 281-288.
[5] 曹会兰, 李吉锋, 张红侠. 黄河渭南段湿地底泥重金属污染及潜在危害分析[J]. 渭南师范学院学报, 2014, 29(23): 37-40.
[6] 涂宗财, 庞娟娟, 郑婷婷, 等. 吴城鄱阳湖自然保护区鱼体中重金属的富集及安全性评价[J]. 水生生物学报, 2017, 41(4): 878-883.
[7] Yang R Q, Yao T D, Xu B Q, et al. Accumulation features of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in fish from high mountain lakes and Lhasa River in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environment International, 2007, 33(2): 151-156.
[8] 蔡深文, 倪朝辉, 刘斌, 等. 赤水河主要经济鱼类重金属含量及风险评价[J]. 淡水渔业, 2017, 47(3): 105-112.
[9] Candy C A, Angel J, Maria C, Ramon F. Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in scirpus americanus and typha latifolia from an Artificial Lagoon in San Luis Potosi, Mexico[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2008, 188(1): 297-309.
[10] Karadede H, Oymak S A, Unlu E. Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey[J]. Environment International, 2004, 30(2): 183-188.
[11] Ikem A, Egiebor N O, Nyavor K. Trace elements on water, fish and sediment from Tuskegee Lake, southeastern USA[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 149(1/4):51-75.
[12] Si W T, Zhang W Y, Yue L, et al. Heavy Metal Removal in a Constructed Wetland and Benefits for the Development of the Toad Bufo raddei[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2014, 23(6): 2207-2215.
[13] 司万童, 刘娟, 王少卓, 等. 尾矿库渗漏水污染对玉米种子的毒性效应[J]. 种子, 2014, 33 (12): 19-22.
[14] 司万童,代静,赵雪波,等.稀土尾矿库湿地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J]. 人民黄河, 2017, 39(8): 71-75.
[15] Rashed M N. Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals, from mine tailings through age accumulation, in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 178 (1/3): 739.
[16] 魏复盛, 陈静生, 吴燕玉, 等. 中国土壤环境背景值研究[J]. 环境科学, 1991, 12(4):12-19.
[17] 高红霞, 王喜宽, 张青, 等. 内蒙古河套地区土壤背景值特征[J]. 地质与资源, 2007, 16(3): 209-212.
[18] Maprani A C, Macquarrie K T. Effects of acid-sulfate weathering and cyanide-containing gold tailings on the transport and fate of mercury and other metals in Gossan Creek: Murray Brook mine, New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2006, 21(11): 1969-1985.
[19] Kraus U, Wiegand J. Long-term effects of the Aznalcóllar mine spill-heavy metal content and mobility in soils and sediments of the Guadiamar river valley (SW Spain)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 367(2/3): 855-871.
[20] 孙文广, 甘卓亭, 孙志高, 等. 黄河口新生湿地土壤Fe和Mn元素的空间分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(11): 4411-4419.
[21] Tian L F, Hu Ji-Wei, Luo G L, et al. Heavy metals in muscle tissues and organs of fish species from Lake Baihua[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2012, 36(5): 714.