新宾县乡村聚落景观格局对于水源涵养的影响
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摘要
[目的]文章通过对新宾县乡村聚落分布特征、景观格局和土壤侵蚀特征进行分析,探讨乡村聚落布局对水源涵养功能的影响程度和方向。[方法]以1992年、2001年、2010年新宾县卫片为基础,结合土地利用现状以及统计年鉴等社会经济资料,分析乡村聚落分布存在的问题。运用GIS空间分析功能、景观指数对乡村聚落分布特征进行分析,并应用spss软件对土壤侵蚀情况和乡村聚落规模进行相关性分析。[结果]新宾县乡村聚落呈现出平均斑块面积较小,南杂木镇平均斑块面积最大,为3.07hm~2/个;木奇镇平均斑块面积最小,为1.97hm~2。斑块数多永陵镇斑块个数最多,为473个,表明其破碎度较高;斑块个数最少的是响水河子乡,为97个。人均用地面积超标,人均建设用地面积305m~2/人,超出规定的150m~2/人、平均斑块分维数小均在1.16以下,接近于1,斑块具有一的稳定性稳定,分散度较大。土壤侵蚀情况与乡村聚落规模、人口密度在置信度为0.01的情况下相关性显著,并且呈正相关。[结论]新宾县乡村聚落图斑破碎化严重,布局比较分散;土壤侵蚀情况随着距离的增加呈现出递减的趋势;乡村聚落规模越大侵蚀情况越严重。
This research aims to analyze the distribution characteristics, landscape pattern and soil erosion characteristics of rural settlements in Xinbin county, so as to explore the extent and direction of the influence of rural settlement layout on water conservation function. Based on the social films of the Xinbin county in 1992, 2001 and 2010, this research analyzed the problems of rural settlements through combining the status quo of land use and statistical yearbooks. Moreover, it analyzed the distribution characteristics of rural settlements by using GIS spatial analysis function and landscape index. In addition, it analyzed the correlation between soil erosion and rural settlement size with the spss software. The rural settlements in Xinbin county showed a small average plaque area, and the average plaque area in Nanzamu town was the largest, which was 3.07 hm~2/patch. The average plaque area in Muqi town was the smallest, which was 1.97 hm~2.The number of plaques in Yongling town was the highest, with 473, indicating a high degree of fragmentation.The least number of plaques was Xiangshuihezi township, with 97.The per capita land area exceeded the standard, with one person 305 m~2, which exceeded the prescribed one person 150 m~2.The average plaque fractal dimension was less than 1.16, close to 1.The plaque had a stable stability and a large dispersion.Soil erosion was significantly correlated with rural settlement size and population density with a confidence level of 0.01, and was positively correlated. The rural settlements in Xinbin county are severely fragmented and the layout is scattered.Soil erosion shows a decreasing trend with increasing distance.The greater the size of the rural settlement, the more serious the erosion.
This research aims to analyze the distribution characteristics, landscape pattern and soil erosion characteristics of rural settlements in Xinbin county, so as to explore the extent and direction of the influence of rural settlement layout on water conservation function. Based on the social films of the Xinbin county in 1992, 2001 and 2010, this research analyzed the problems of rural settlements through combining the status quo of land use and statistical yearbooks. Moreover, it analyzed the distribution characteristics of rural settlements by using GIS spatial analysis function and landscape index. In addition, it analyzed the correlation between soil erosion and rural settlement size with the spss software. The rural settlements in Xinbin county showed a small average plaque area, and the average plaque area in Nanzamu town was the largest, which was 3.07 hm~2/patch. The average plaque area in Muqi town was the smallest, which was 1.97 hm~2.The number of plaques in Yongling town was the highest, with 473, indicating a high degree of fragmentation.The least number of plaques was Xiangshuihezi township, with 97.The per capita land area exceeded the standard, with one person 305 m~2, which exceeded the prescribed one person 150 m~2.The average plaque fractal dimension was less than 1.16, close to 1.The plaque had a stable stability and a large dispersion.Soil erosion was significantly correlated with rural settlement size and population density with a confidence level of 0.01, and was positively correlated. The rural settlements in Xinbin county are severely fragmented and the layout is scattered.Soil erosion shows a decreasing trend with increasing distance.The greater the size of the rural settlement, the more serious the erosion.
引文
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[12] 田韫智.美丽乡村建设背景下乡村景观规划分析.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(9).
[2] 王礼先.水土保持学.农村生态环境.北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[3] 姜广辉,张凤荣,秦静,等.北京山区农村居民点分布变化及其与环境的关系.农业工程学报,2006,22(11):85-92.
[4] 霍进臣,孙宝林,关守增,等.辽东山区水土保持生态修复对策.中国水土保持,2006(2):34-35.
[5] 李苗苗.植被覆盖度的遥感估算方法研究.北京:中国科学院遥感研究所,2003.
[6] 于淼,边振兴,李建东.RS与GIS支持下的桓仁县农村居民点景观格局与空间分布特征分析.西南师范大学学报,2009,34(4):106-114.
[7] 王成,武红.太行山区河谷内居民点的特征及其分布格局的研究——以河北省阜平县为例.地理科学,2001,21(2):170-176.
[8] 布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析.生态学报,2004,25(10):2764-2775.
[9] 李云强.GIS支持下县域农村居民点分布特征及优化研究.山东农业大学,2011.
[10] 梁发超,刘黎明.基于地形梯度的土地利用类型分布特征分析——以湖南省浏阳市为例.资源科学,2010,32(11)
[11] 田光进,刘纪远,张增祥,等.基于遥感与GIS的中国农村居民点规模分布特征.遥感学报,2002,6(4):307-312.
[12] 田韫智.美丽乡村建设背景下乡村景观规划分析.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(9).