城市建成环境对居民体力活动强度的影响——基于北京社区问卷的研究
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摘要
城市建成环境会通过影响居民的体力活动强度,进而影响其身心健康。研究选取北京15个社区进行入户问卷收集数据,采用国际体力活动量表(IPAQ)对居民体力活动强度进行测度,以GIS数据为基础评测社区建成环境,并通过多层线性模型对影响居民体力活动的因素进行校验。研究发现:社区大小、容积率及公园数量对体力活动强度有显著影响,而在既有文献中强调的土地利用混合度、建筑密度等因素并未表现出显著作用,这或许是由于不同国家城市肌理的既有差异所导致。
Urban built environment would affect residents' physical and mental health,by influencing their physical activities. However,the extant Chinese literature lacks empirical studies which hardly support evidence-based planning. This study has conducted questionnaire survey in 15 neighborhoods of Beijing. By using IPAQ to measure residents' physical activity intensity and using GIS data to depict urban built environment,the authors calibrate HLM models to investigate the effects of urban built environment on residents' physical activity.The findings are that the size,plot ratio,number of parks of the neighborhoods do significantly affect residents' physical activity,while land-use mix,building density do not. The contrasts with the empirical studies in western countries probably are due to the differences in the urban fabric across countries. The study has policy implications for planning and developing healthy city in China.
Urban built environment would affect residents' physical and mental health,by influencing their physical activities. However,the extant Chinese literature lacks empirical studies which hardly support evidence-based planning. This study has conducted questionnaire survey in 15 neighborhoods of Beijing. By using IPAQ to measure residents' physical activity intensity and using GIS data to depict urban built environment,the authors calibrate HLM models to investigate the effects of urban built environment on residents' physical activity.The findings are that the size,plot ratio,number of parks of the neighborhoods do significantly affect residents' physical activity,while land-use mix,building density do not. The contrasts with the empirical studies in western countries probably are due to the differences in the urban fabric across countries. The study has policy implications for planning and developing healthy city in China.
引文
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[21]Rundle A,Neckerman K M,Freeman L,et al.Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2009,117(3):442-447.
[22]谌晓安,王人卫,白晋湘.体力活动、体适能与健康促进研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012,31(4):363-372.
[23]周方行,刘曦宇,张维,等.步行与骑行相关建成环境测量方法评述[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(11):1109-1114.
[24]贺刚,黄雅君,王香生,等.香港儿童体力活动与住所周围建成环境:应用GIS的初步研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(5):431-436.
[25]胡斌,林烂芳,袁子宇,等.3种体力活动测量问卷的效度研究[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(16):3061-3065.
[26]Cervero R,Kockelman K.Travel demand and the 3Ds:Density,diversity,and design[J].Transportation Research Part DTransport&Environment,1997,2(3):199-219.
[27]Handy S L,Boarnet M G,Ewing R,et al.How the built environment affects physical activity:views from urban planning.[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2002,23(2):64-73.
[28]刘志林,柴彦威.深圳市民周末休闲活动的空间结构[J].经济地理,2001,21(4):504-508.
[29]厉志玉,朱秀娟,赵媛媛.城市社区居民体力活动及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(11):1498-1500.
[30]Cervero Robert,Sarmiento Olga L.,Jacoby Enrique,等.建成环境对步行和自行车出行的影响---以波哥大为例[J].城市交通,2016,14(5):83-96.
[31]Kaplan S,Kaplan R.Health,Supportive Environments,and the Reasonable Person Model[J].American Journal of Public Health,2003,93(9):1484.
[32]吴志建,王竹影,宋彦李青.老年人休闲性体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].上海体育学院学报,2018(1):64-71.
[33]Cohen D A,Marsh T,Williamson S,et al.Parks and physical activity:why are some parks used more than others?[J].Preventive Medicine,2010,50(1):9-12.
[34]张雅兰,王兰.健康导向的规划设计导则探索:基于纽约和洛杉矶的经验[J].南方建筑,2017(4):15-22.
[2]王香生,黄雅君.体力活动与健康:研究及应用[J].体育与科学,2008,29(6):76-78.
[3]王超,陈佩杰.体力活动研究的现状及趋势[J].北京体育大学学报,2012(8):43-49.
[4]乔玉成,王卫军.全球人口体力活动不足的概况及特征[J].体育科学,2015(8):8-15.
[5]尹仕红.心理状态及社会环境与单纯性肥胖的相互影响[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(5):918-919.
[6]鲁斐栋,谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J].国际城市规划,2015,30(2):62-70.
[7]何玲玲,王肖柳,林琳.中国城市学龄儿童体力活动影响因素:基于社会生态学模型的综述[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(4):10-15.
[8]刘伟,杨剑,陈开梅.国际体力活动促进型建成环境研究的前沿与热点分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2016,28(5):463-468.
[9]杜娟,阳建强.欧洲城市规划与公共健康互动的发展演变分析[J].现代城市研究,2006,21(8):34-39.
[10]Guerra E.The Built Environment and Car Use in Mexico City:Is the Relationship Changing over Time?[J].Journal of Planning Education&Research,2014,34(4):394-408.
[11]Frank L D,Sallis J F,Conway T L,et al.Many Pathways from Land Use to Health:Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation,Body Mass Index,and Air Quality[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(1):75-87.
[12]De L Bourdeaud,Sallis J F,Saelens B E.Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity in a Sample of Belgian Adults[J].American Journal Health Promotion,2003,18(1):83.
[13]Huston S L,Evenson K R,Bors P,et al.Neighborhood Environment,Access to Places for Activity,and Leisure-time Physical Activity in a Diverse North Carolina Population[J].American Journal of Health Promotion,2003,18(1):58.
[14]林雄斌,杨家文.北美都市区建成环境与公共健康关系的研究述评及其启示[J].规划师,2015(6):12-19.
[15]冯建喜,黄旭,汤爽爽.客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机制研究---以南京为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):17-23.
[16]何玲玲,林琳.学校周边建成环境对学龄儿童上下学交通方式的影响---以上海市为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):30-36.
[17]齐兰兰,周素红.邻里建成环境对居民外出型休闲活动时空差异的影响---以广州市为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):31-40.
[18]Chen C,Gong H,Paaswell R.Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions:additional evidence on the impact of density[J].Transportation,2008,35(3):285-299.
[19]Van D D,Cerin E,Conway T L,et al.Associations between perceived neighborhood environmental attributes and adults'sedentary behavior:findings from the U.S.A.,Australia and Belgium.[J].Social Science&Medicine,2012,74(9):1375-1384.
[20]Wells N M,Yang Y.Neighborhood design and walking.A quasiexperimental longitudinal study[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2008,34(4):313-319.
[21]Rundle A,Neckerman K M,Freeman L,et al.Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2009,117(3):442-447.
[22]谌晓安,王人卫,白晋湘.体力活动、体适能与健康促进研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012,31(4):363-372.
[23]周方行,刘曦宇,张维,等.步行与骑行相关建成环境测量方法评述[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(11):1109-1114.
[24]贺刚,黄雅君,王香生,等.香港儿童体力活动与住所周围建成环境:应用GIS的初步研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(5):431-436.
[25]胡斌,林烂芳,袁子宇,等.3种体力活动测量问卷的效度研究[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(16):3061-3065.
[26]Cervero R,Kockelman K.Travel demand and the 3Ds:Density,diversity,and design[J].Transportation Research Part DTransport&Environment,1997,2(3):199-219.
[27]Handy S L,Boarnet M G,Ewing R,et al.How the built environment affects physical activity:views from urban planning.[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2002,23(2):64-73.
[28]刘志林,柴彦威.深圳市民周末休闲活动的空间结构[J].经济地理,2001,21(4):504-508.
[29]厉志玉,朱秀娟,赵媛媛.城市社区居民体力活动及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(11):1498-1500.
[30]Cervero Robert,Sarmiento Olga L.,Jacoby Enrique,等.建成环境对步行和自行车出行的影响---以波哥大为例[J].城市交通,2016,14(5):83-96.
[31]Kaplan S,Kaplan R.Health,Supportive Environments,and the Reasonable Person Model[J].American Journal of Public Health,2003,93(9):1484.
[32]吴志建,王竹影,宋彦李青.老年人休闲性体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].上海体育学院学报,2018(1):64-71.
[33]Cohen D A,Marsh T,Williamson S,et al.Parks and physical activity:why are some parks used more than others?[J].Preventive Medicine,2010,50(1):9-12.
[34]张雅兰,王兰.健康导向的规划设计导则探索:基于纽约和洛杉矶的经验[J].南方建筑,2017(4):15-22.