世界优秀女子乒乓球运动员战术能力区间段特征研究
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摘要
运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、观察法等方法,对世界优秀女子乒乓球运动员战术能力区间段的特征进行深入分析。结果:各段战术能力对比赛获胜的重要程度依次为接抢能力、发球轮相持能力、接发球轮相持能力和发抢能力。从不同比赛阶段来看,决赛中各段战术能力重要性的非衡效应最小,半决赛次之,1/4决赛最大;随比赛进程升级,各段战术能力参与和决定比赛获胜的程度越来越高;接抢能力在各比赛阶段中的重要性凸显,接发球轮相持能力和发抢能力在半决赛阶段经历积聚效应后,在决赛阶段超越发球轮相持能力而跃居第1和第3重要位置。各段战术能力间存在交互效应,但交互效应在各技术统计段和各比赛阶段存在差别。接抢、发球轮相持和接发球轮相持3段战术能力间产生的交互效应较大,接抢能力产生的总效应对比赛获胜的影响较大,发抢能力的总效应则较小;发球轮相持能力和接发球轮相持能力对对方的影响都较大;半决赛中各战术能力间的交互效应最大,1/4决赛次之,决赛最小。该结果对备战东京奥运会的训练与参赛具有现实指导意义。
The characteristics of the tactical ability interval segment of the world's elite women table tennis players are analyzed by the methods of literature review, expert interview and competition observation. The result shows that the importance of the tactical ability winning the game is as follows: receiving-aggressing,serving round stalemate, receiving round stalemate and serving-aggressing. For the importance of the tactical abilities of each part, there is the smallest unbalanced effect in finals, followed by the semi-finals, and the quarter-finals; with the progress of the competition, the extent of participating in and deciding to win the race becomes higher and higher; the receiving-aggressing ability is the most important at all stages of the race, while the receiving round stalemate and the serving-aggressing respectively becomes the first and the third one after experiencing the cumulative effect of semi-finals and surpassing the serving round stalemate in finals. There is an interaction effect among the tactical abilities, which is different among each parts, and is unequal in the different stages. And it is larger in the ability of receiving-aggressing, the serving round stalemate and receiving round stalemate, with the interaction effect caused by the receiving-aggressing ability exerting the most important effect in winning the race, and smaller effect caused by serving-aggressing ability; it is bigger influence on the opponents from the serving round stalemate and the receiving round stalemate; for the tactical abilities, there is the largest interaction effect in semi-finals, followed by the quarter-finals, the smallest in finals. This conclusion has realistic guiding significance for the training and preparing for the competition of the Tokyo Olympics
The characteristics of the tactical ability interval segment of the world's elite women table tennis players are analyzed by the methods of literature review, expert interview and competition observation. The result shows that the importance of the tactical ability winning the game is as follows: receiving-aggressing,serving round stalemate, receiving round stalemate and serving-aggressing. For the importance of the tactical abilities of each part, there is the smallest unbalanced effect in finals, followed by the semi-finals, and the quarter-finals; with the progress of the competition, the extent of participating in and deciding to win the race becomes higher and higher; the receiving-aggressing ability is the most important at all stages of the race, while the receiving round stalemate and the serving-aggressing respectively becomes the first and the third one after experiencing the cumulative effect of semi-finals and surpassing the serving round stalemate in finals. There is an interaction effect among the tactical abilities, which is different among each parts, and is unequal in the different stages. And it is larger in the ability of receiving-aggressing, the serving round stalemate and receiving round stalemate, with the interaction effect caused by the receiving-aggressing ability exerting the most important effect in winning the race, and smaller effect caused by serving-aggressing ability; it is bigger influence on the opponents from the serving round stalemate and the receiving round stalemate; for the tactical abilities, there is the largest interaction effect in semi-finals, followed by the quarter-finals, the smallest in finals. This conclusion has realistic guiding significance for the training and preparing for the competition of the Tokyo Olympics
引文
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[16]苏静,王茜.健康影响因子作用机制的通径分析[J].中国体育科技,2009,45(5):135.
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[3]国家体育总局《乒乓长盛考》研究课题组.乒乓长盛的训练学探索[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2002
[4]唐建军.乒乓球战术体系:技术动作的战术形成及其运用模式[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(4):105.
[5]杨青,张辉.乒乓球比赛技战术“四段指标评估法”的构建与应用[J].天津体育学院学报,2014,29(5):439.
[6]崔伟健.以系统论方法诠释中国传统思维:唯物辩证法[J].系统科学学报,2013,21(1):25.
[7]蒋津君,姚家新.乒乓球单打比赛技战术实力评估体系及其诊断方法的重构与应用[J].天津体育学院学报,2015,30(5):432.
[8]李旭武.第46届世乒赛男子优秀横拍进攻型运动员接发球技术分析[J].体育学刊,2001,8(6):73.
[9]方余平,王金灿,肖紫燕.世界男子乒乓快弧类双胜组合发抢特征的研究[J].天津体育学院学报2008,23(6):542.
[10]张力为.体育科学研究方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:348.
[11]甘怡群.心理与行为科学统计学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:219.
[12]苏丕仁.走出误区:学习徐寅生、李富荣的讲话有感[J].乒乓世界,1994(1):15.
[13]成波锦,杨欢.新型无缝塑料乒乓球的特征及对击球速度和旋转影响的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(10):141.
[14]赵世勇.乒乓球发球规则修改的对策分析[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2002(4):17.
[15]李强.对乒乓球技战术分析方法的新探讨:贡献率统计法[D].上海:上海体育学院,2011.
[16]苏静,王茜.健康影响因子作用机制的通径分析[J].中国体育科技,2009,45(5):135.