陶瓷胶态成型用含聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)ZnO温敏悬浮液的流变行为（英文）
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摘要
采用温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)为凝固剂的新型胶态成型已应用于制备复杂形状的陶瓷器件。本文作者研究PNIPAM水溶液性能和添加PNIPAM的Zn O悬浮液的流变性能。结果表明,PNIPAM表现出明显的温敏性且转变温度在32°C左右。当温度高于40°C(Tc,温敏悬浮液的临界转变温度),添加8 mg/m L PNIPAM的50%Zn O(体积分数)悬浮液的黏度急剧增加,温度为50°C时黏度高达11.49 Pa·s并表现出较强弹性。原因在于高温下PNIPAM分子的析出导致悬浮液的有效固相体积分数增加以及Zn O陶瓷颗粒之间的絮凝作用。此外,20°C下悬浮液的最大固相体积分数明显高于40°C下的,也可证明PNIPAM的相转变可诱导悬浮液的絮凝。
Novel colloidal processing using thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) as a coagulating agent has been developed to prepare complex-shaped ceramic components. In this work, the properties of PNIPAM aqueous solutions and the rheological behavior of Zn O suspensions with PNIPAM were investigated. The results show that the PNIPAM solutions exhibit obvious thermosensitivity and its transition temperature is around 32 °C. When the temperature is above 40 °C(Tc, the critical transition temperature of thermosensitive suspension), the 50% Zn O(volume fraction) suspension with 8 mg/m L PNIPAM has a sharp increase in viscosity and reaches up to 11.49 Pa·s at 50 °C, displaying strong elasticity. The main reasons are the increase of effective volume fraction attributed to precipitation of PNIPAM segments and the flocculation between Zn O powder particles. In addition, the maximum solid loading(volume fraction) at 20 °C is higher than that at 40 °C, which proves that the phase transition of PNIPAM can induce the flocculation of suspension.
Novel colloidal processing using thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) as a coagulating agent has been developed to prepare complex-shaped ceramic components. In this work, the properties of PNIPAM aqueous solutions and the rheological behavior of Zn O suspensions with PNIPAM were investigated. The results show that the PNIPAM solutions exhibit obvious thermosensitivity and its transition temperature is around 32 °C. When the temperature is above 40 °C(Tc, the critical transition temperature of thermosensitive suspension), the 50% Zn O(volume fraction) suspension with 8 mg/m L PNIPAM has a sharp increase in viscosity and reaches up to 11.49 Pa·s at 50 °C, displaying strong elasticity. The main reasons are the increase of effective volume fraction attributed to precipitation of PNIPAM segments and the flocculation between Zn O powder particles. In addition, the maximum solid loading(volume fraction) at 20 °C is higher than that at 40 °C, which proves that the phase transition of PNIPAM can induce the flocculation of suspension.
引文
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[15]BALZER B,HRUSCHKA M K M,GAUCKLER L J.In situ rheological investigation of the coagulation in aqueous alumina suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2001,84(8):1733-1739.
[16]LI W,ZHANG H X,JIN Y P,GU M Y.Rapid coagulation of silicon carbide slurry via direct coagulation casting[J].Ceramics International,2004,30(3):411-416.
[17]PRABHAKARAN K,MELKERI A,GOKHALE N M,CHONGDAR T K,SHARMA S C.Direct coagulation casting of YSZ powder suspensions using Mg O as coagulating agent[J].Ceramics International,2009,35(4):1487-1492.
[18]PRABHAKARAN K,JOSEPH K,SOORAJ R,DURGAPRASAD C.Magnesia induced coagulation of aqueous PZT powder suspensions for direct coagulation casting[J].Ceramics International,2010,36(7):2095-2101.
[19]YANG J L,XU J,WEN N,QU Y N,QI F,XI X Q.Direct coagulation casting of alumina suspension via controlled release of high valence counterions from thermo-sensitive liposomes[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2013,96(1):62-67.
[20]XU J,ZHANG Y X,QU Y N,QI F,ZHANG X Y,YANG J L.Direct coagulation casting of alumina suspension from calcium citrate assisted by p H shift[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2014,97(4):1048-1053.
[21]WANG X F,SUN Y H,PENG C Q,ZHANG D,CHEN Y X,WANG R C.Colloidal processing of Zn O using thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)as a coagulating agent[J].Ceramics International,2015,41(7):9163-9167.
[22]WANG X F,LIU P,TIAN Y.Preparation and drug release behavior of temperature-responsive mesoporous carbons[J].Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2011,184(6):1571-1575.
[23]XIA Y,YIN X,BURKE N A D,ST?VER H D H.Thermal response of narrow-disperse poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Macromolecules,2005,38(14):5937-5943.
[24]WU C,ZHOU S.Volume phase transition of swollen gels:Discontinuous or continuous[J].Macromolecules,1997,30(3):574-576.
[25]PAMIES R,ZHU K,KJ?NIKSEN A L,NYSTR?M B.Thermal response of low molecular weight poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)polymers in aqueous solution[J].Polymer Bulletin,2009,62(4):487-502.
[26]LEWIS J A.Colloidal processing of ceramics[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2000,83(10):2341-2359.
[27]SONG Y L,LIU X L,CHEN J F.The maximum solid loading and viscosity estimation of ultra-fine Ba Ti O3 aqueous suspensions[J].Colloids and Surfaces A(Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects),2004,247(1-3):27-34.
[28]NAHAIN A A,LEE K S,MOSAIAB T,PARK S Y.p H and thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)copolymer grafted to poly(ethylene glycol)[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,130(1):168-174.
[29]LIN C L,CHIU W Y,LEE C F.Preparation,morphology,and thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer microgels[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2006,44(1):356-370.
[30]BERGSTR?M L,SJ?STR?M E.Temperature induced gelation of concentrated ceramic suspensions:rheological properties[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1999,19(12):2117-2123.
[31]XU X,FERREIRA J M F.Temperature-induced gelation of concentrated sialon suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2005,88(3):593-598.
[32]YANG Y,SIGMUND W M.A new approach to prepare highly loaded aqueous alumina suspensions with temperature sensitive rheological properties[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2003,23(2):253-261.
[33]EWAIS E,ZAMAN A A,SIGMUND W.Temperature induced forming of zirconia form aqueous slurries:Mechanism and rheology[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(16):2805-2812.
[34]ZHANG Y,UEMATSU K.A novel consolidation approach for ceramic colloidal forming[C]//Proceedings of CICC-1:The First China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics.Beijing,1999.
[35]ERENCIA M,MESAS M L,NAVARRETE F C.Thermosensitive fibres of lyocell/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide):Multiparametric analysis for studying the graft copolymerization[J].Polymer International,2013,62(9):1316-1323.
[36]NAPPER D H.Polymeric stabilization of colloidal dispersions[M].New York:Academic Press,1982.
[37]WANG X F,WANG R C,PENG C Q,LI H P.Rheology of aqueous Be O suspension with NH4PAA as a diapersant[J].Progress in Natural Science:Materials International,2012,22(4):347-353.
[38]BINNER J G P,MCDERMOTT A M.Rheological characterisation of ammonium polyacrylate dispersed,concentrated alumina suspensions[J].Ceramics International,2006,32(7):803-810.
[39]LIU D M.Particle packing and rheological property of highlyconcentrated ceramic suspensions:?m determination and viscosity prediction[J].Journal of Materials Science,2000,35(21):5503--5507.
[40]EDIRISINGHE M J,SHAW H M,TOMKINS K L.Flow behavior of ceramic injection moulding suspensions[J].Ceramics International,1992,18(3):193-200.
[2]WANG X F,WANG R C,PENG C Q,LI H P,LIU B,WANG Z Y.Thermoresponsive gelcasting:Improved drying of gelcast bodies[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2011,94(6):1679-1682.
[3]WANG Xiao-feng,WANG Ri-chu,PENG Chao-qun,LI Ting-ting,LUO Yu-lin,WANG Chao,LIU Bing.Research and development of gelcasting[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(3):496-509.(in Chinese)
[4]SUZUKI T S,UCHIKOSHI T,SAKKA Y.Effect of sintering conditions on microstructure orientation inα-Si C prepared by slip casting in a strong magnetic field[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2010,30(14):2813-2817.
[5]SCHAFF?NER S,ANEZIRIS C G.Pressure slip casting of coarse grain oxide ceramics[J].Ceramics International,2012,38(1):417-422.
[6]SUN Yi-hua,XIONG Wei-hao,LI Chen-hui.Fabrication of ultrahigh density Zn O-Al2O3 ceramic composites by slip casting[J].Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(4):624-631.
[7]LEWIS J A,EMAY J E,STUECKER J,CESARANO III J.Direct ink writing of three-dimensional ceramic structures[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2006,89(12):3599-3609.
[8]SUN Yue-hua,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Xiao-feng,WANG Ri-chu,CHEN Yi-xin.Direct ink writing:A novel avenue for engineering micro-/nanoscale 3D structures[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(6):1525-1537.(in Chinese)
[9]ZHOU Zhen-jun,YANG Zheng-fang,YUAN Qi-ming.Barium titanate ceramic inks for continuous ink-jet printing synthesized by mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods[J].Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18(1):150-154.
[10]BALZER B,HRUSCHKA M K M,GAUCKLER L J.Coagulation kinetics and mechanical behavior of wet alumina geen bodies produced via DCC[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1999,216(2):379-386.
[11]TERVOORT E,TERVOORT T A,GAUCKLER L J.Chemical aspects of direct coagulation casting of alumina suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2004,87(8):1530-1535.
[12]WANG Xiao-feng,SUN Yue-hua,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Ri-chu,ZHANG Dou.Research and development of direct coagulation casting[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):267-279.(in Chinese)
[13]XU J,QU Y N,XI X Q,YANG J L.Properties of alumina coagulated bodies prepared by direct coagulation casting via high valence counter ions(DCC-HVCI)[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2012,95(11):3415-3420.
[14]XU J,WEN N,LI H X,QI F,XI X Q,YANG J L.Direct coagulation casting of alumina suspension by high valence counter ions using Ca(IO3)2 as coagulation agent[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2012,95(8):2525-2530.
[15]BALZER B,HRUSCHKA M K M,GAUCKLER L J.In situ rheological investigation of the coagulation in aqueous alumina suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2001,84(8):1733-1739.
[16]LI W,ZHANG H X,JIN Y P,GU M Y.Rapid coagulation of silicon carbide slurry via direct coagulation casting[J].Ceramics International,2004,30(3):411-416.
[17]PRABHAKARAN K,MELKERI A,GOKHALE N M,CHONGDAR T K,SHARMA S C.Direct coagulation casting of YSZ powder suspensions using Mg O as coagulating agent[J].Ceramics International,2009,35(4):1487-1492.
[18]PRABHAKARAN K,JOSEPH K,SOORAJ R,DURGAPRASAD C.Magnesia induced coagulation of aqueous PZT powder suspensions for direct coagulation casting[J].Ceramics International,2010,36(7):2095-2101.
[19]YANG J L,XU J,WEN N,QU Y N,QI F,XI X Q.Direct coagulation casting of alumina suspension via controlled release of high valence counterions from thermo-sensitive liposomes[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2013,96(1):62-67.
[20]XU J,ZHANG Y X,QU Y N,QI F,ZHANG X Y,YANG J L.Direct coagulation casting of alumina suspension from calcium citrate assisted by p H shift[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2014,97(4):1048-1053.
[21]WANG X F,SUN Y H,PENG C Q,ZHANG D,CHEN Y X,WANG R C.Colloidal processing of Zn O using thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)as a coagulating agent[J].Ceramics International,2015,41(7):9163-9167.
[22]WANG X F,LIU P,TIAN Y.Preparation and drug release behavior of temperature-responsive mesoporous carbons[J].Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2011,184(6):1571-1575.
[23]XIA Y,YIN X,BURKE N A D,ST?VER H D H.Thermal response of narrow-disperse poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization[J].Macromolecules,2005,38(14):5937-5943.
[24]WU C,ZHOU S.Volume phase transition of swollen gels:Discontinuous or continuous[J].Macromolecules,1997,30(3):574-576.
[25]PAMIES R,ZHU K,KJ?NIKSEN A L,NYSTR?M B.Thermal response of low molecular weight poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)polymers in aqueous solution[J].Polymer Bulletin,2009,62(4):487-502.
[26]LEWIS J A.Colloidal processing of ceramics[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2000,83(10):2341-2359.
[27]SONG Y L,LIU X L,CHEN J F.The maximum solid loading and viscosity estimation of ultra-fine Ba Ti O3 aqueous suspensions[J].Colloids and Surfaces A(Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects),2004,247(1-3):27-34.
[28]NAHAIN A A,LEE K S,MOSAIAB T,PARK S Y.p H and thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)copolymer grafted to poly(ethylene glycol)[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,130(1):168-174.
[29]LIN C L,CHIU W Y,LEE C F.Preparation,morphology,and thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer microgels[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2006,44(1):356-370.
[30]BERGSTR?M L,SJ?STR?M E.Temperature induced gelation of concentrated ceramic suspensions:rheological properties[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1999,19(12):2117-2123.
[31]XU X,FERREIRA J M F.Temperature-induced gelation of concentrated sialon suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2005,88(3):593-598.
[32]YANG Y,SIGMUND W M.A new approach to prepare highly loaded aqueous alumina suspensions with temperature sensitive rheological properties[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2003,23(2):253-261.
[33]EWAIS E,ZAMAN A A,SIGMUND W.Temperature induced forming of zirconia form aqueous slurries:Mechanism and rheology[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(16):2805-2812.
[34]ZHANG Y,UEMATSU K.A novel consolidation approach for ceramic colloidal forming[C]//Proceedings of CICC-1:The First China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics.Beijing,1999.
[35]ERENCIA M,MESAS M L,NAVARRETE F C.Thermosensitive fibres of lyocell/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide):Multiparametric analysis for studying the graft copolymerization[J].Polymer International,2013,62(9):1316-1323.
[36]NAPPER D H.Polymeric stabilization of colloidal dispersions[M].New York:Academic Press,1982.
[37]WANG X F,WANG R C,PENG C Q,LI H P.Rheology of aqueous Be O suspension with NH4PAA as a diapersant[J].Progress in Natural Science:Materials International,2012,22(4):347-353.
[38]BINNER J G P,MCDERMOTT A M.Rheological characterisation of ammonium polyacrylate dispersed,concentrated alumina suspensions[J].Ceramics International,2006,32(7):803-810.
[39]LIU D M.Particle packing and rheological property of highlyconcentrated ceramic suspensions:?m determination and viscosity prediction[J].Journal of Materials Science,2000,35(21):5503--5507.
[40]EDIRISINGHE M J,SHAW H M,TOMKINS K L.Flow behavior of ceramic injection moulding suspensions[J].Ceramics International,1992,18(3):193-200.