羟基磷灰石及其复合材料增材制造研究现状
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摘要
由于羟基磷灰石与天然骨中的无机矿物相类似,具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,可和宿主骨形成良好的化学键合,因此成为骨组织工程支架材料中常见的主要成分。骨组织工程支架具有个性化复杂结构,对制造工艺有较高要求,发泡法和冷冻干燥法等传统制造方法难以成形出具有复杂结构的个性化支架。增材制造技术利用计算机辅助设计,采用逐层制造并叠加的原理,理论上可成形出任何形状的三维实体零件。与传统制造工艺相比,该技术在精确制造复杂外部形状、内部微孔结构的骨组织工程支架方面有独特优势。综述了目前利用增材制造技术成形羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的最新研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势。
Hydroxyapatite(HA), which is similar to inorganic mineral in natural bones, is a main biomaterial for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds due to its superior biocompatibility and bone conductibility. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds show a complex and customised structure, which has a greater requirement for manufacturing processes. However, it is difficult for the conventional manufacturing techniques such as foaming method and injection forming to create an ideal porous scaffold of artificial bones. Additive manufacture(AM) is capable of making any shapes of three-dimensional solid parts layer-by-layer by using computer-aided design models. Compared to the conventional processes, the AM shows some unique advantages in fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds with greater manufacturing accuracy, complex external shapes and internal micro-porous structures. This paper reviews the state of the art in the preparation and the AM process of HA and its composite materials, and proposes an outlook in this aspect.
Hydroxyapatite(HA), which is similar to inorganic mineral in natural bones, is a main biomaterial for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds due to its superior biocompatibility and bone conductibility. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds show a complex and customised structure, which has a greater requirement for manufacturing processes. However, it is difficult for the conventional manufacturing techniques such as foaming method and injection forming to create an ideal porous scaffold of artificial bones. Additive manufacture(AM) is capable of making any shapes of three-dimensional solid parts layer-by-layer by using computer-aided design models. Compared to the conventional processes, the AM shows some unique advantages in fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds with greater manufacturing accuracy, complex external shapes and internal micro-porous structures. This paper reviews the state of the art in the preparation and the AM process of HA and its composite materials, and proposes an outlook in this aspect.
引文
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[23]闫春泽,史玉升,杨劲松,等.高分子材料在选择性激光烧结中的应用–––(Ⅰ)材料研究的进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010(7):170–174.YAN Chunze,SHI Yusheng,YANG Jinsong,et al.Polym Mater Sci Eng(in Chinese),2010(7):170–174.
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[28]FENG P,WEI P P,LI P J,et al.Calcium silicate ceramic scaffolds toughened with hydroxyapatite whiskers for bone tissue engineering[J].Mater Charact,2014,97(11):47–56.
[29]SHUAI C J,NIE Y,GAO C D,et al.The microstructure evolution of nanohydroxapatite powder sintered for bone tissue engineering[J].J Exp Nanosci,2013,8(5):762–773.
[30]SHUAI C J,FENG P,CAO C D,et al.Processing and characterization of laser sintered hydroxyapatite scaffold for tissue engineering[J].Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng,2013,18(3):520–527.
[31]SHUAI C J,LI P,LIU J,et al.Optimization of TCP/HAP ratio for better properties of calcium phosphate scaffold via selective laser sintering[J].Mater Charact,2013,77(3):23–31.
[32]SACHS E M,HAGGERTY J S,CIMA M J,et al.Three-dimensional printing techniques[P].US Patent,5 204 055.1993–4–20.
[33]ZHOU Z,BUCHANAN F,MITCHELL C,et al.Printability of calcium phosphate:calcium sulfate powders for the application of tissue engineered bone scaffolds using the 3D printing technique[J].Mater Sci Eng,C,2014,38:1–10.
[34]WILL J,MELCHER R,TREUL C,et al.Porous ceramic bone scaffolds for vascularized bone tissue regeneration[J].J Mater Sci Mater Med,2008,19(8):2781–2790.
[35]SUWANPRATEEB J,SANNGAM R,PANYATHANMAPORN T.Influence of raw powder preparation routes on properties of hydroxyapatite fabricated by 3D printing technique[J].Mater Sci Eng C,2010,30(4):610–617.
[36]SEITZ H,DEISINGER U,LEUKERS B,et al.Different calcium phosphate granules for 3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds[J].Adv Eng Mater,2009,11(5):B41–B46.
[37]INZANA J A,OLVERA D,FULLER S M,et al.3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration[J].Biomaterials,2014,35(13):4026–4034.
[38]IRSEN S H,LEUKERS B,H?CKLING C,et al.Bioceramic granulates for use in 3D printing:process engineering aspects[J].Materialwiss Werkst,2006,37(6):533–537.
[39]GIBSON I,ROSEN D W,STUCKER B.Additive manufacturing technologies[M].New York:Springer,2010:61–63.
[40]LEE J W,AHN G S,KIM D S,et al.Development of nano-and microscale composite 3D scaffolds using PPF/DEF–HA and micro–stereolithography[J].Microelectronic Eng,2009,86(4):1465–1467.
[41]RONCA A,AMBROSIO L,GRIJPMA D W.Preparation of designed poly(d,l–lactide)/nanosized hydroxyapatite composite structures by stereolithography[J].Acta Biomater,2013,9(4):5989–5996.
[42]CESARANO III J,CALVERT P D.Free forming objects with low-binder slurry[P].US Patent,6,027,326.2000–2–22.
[43]LEWIS J A,SMAY J E,STUECKER J,et al.Direct ink writing of three-dimensional ceramic structures[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2006,89(12):3599–3609.
[44]王小锋,孙月花,彭超群,等.直写成型用悬浮液的设计[J].无机材料学报,2015,30(11):1139–1147.WANG Xiaofeng,SUN Yuehua,PENG Chaoqun,et al.J Inorg Mater(in Chinese),2015,30(11):1139–1147.
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