黄河三角洲盐碱土冬小麦氮磷肥料效应模型研究
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摘要
通过大田试验,研究了黄河三角洲盐碱土地区冬小麦合适的肥料效应模型。在冬小麦生长季设置4种不同的氮磷肥用量,根据"3414"试验设计8种不同的肥效试验处理,以探讨线性加平台、一元二次、平方根和二元二次4种不同模型的拟合效果。结果显示,4种肥料效应模型的拟合结果经检验都达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。在一元肥料效应模型中,氮磷一元二次模型拟合效果最好,最高收益分别为7 448.3元·hm~(-2)和7 357.7元·hm~(-2),最佳经济氮磷用量分别为254.4 kg·hm~(-2)和98.6 kg·hm~(-2)。对比一元与二元模型,后者拟合效果较好,最佳经济氮磷用量分别为244.1 kg·hm~(-2)和94.2 kg·hm~(-2),即氮磷肥配比为2.6∶1,经济效益为7 432.4元·hm~(-2),氮肥农学利用率为6.2 kg(籽粒)·kg~(-1)(N),磷肥农学利用率为13.8 kg(籽粒)·kg~(-1)(P_2O_5)。结合拟合度、最佳经济施肥量、经济收益、肥料农学利用率和一元模型的局限性分析得出,二元二次肥料效应模型最优,可作为黄河三角洲地区盐碱土冬小麦氮磷肥效模型的最佳选择。
Salt-affected soils distribute widely across the Yellow River Delta, which inhibit plant growth and crop yield in this area. Although fertilizer application can alleviate the adverse impact of salinization on crop, little remains known about the performance of different fertilizer-effect models on simulation of ‘3414' fertilizer experiments in winter wheat field in saline soils. Among the essential elements, nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are usually the most important nutrients limiting plant growth in saline or non-saline soils. In this study, four fertilizer-effect models were used to simulate the impact of N and P fertilizers on wheat yield in a field experiment in Lijin County of Shandong Province. The study aimed at selecting suitable fertilizer-effect model for wheat grown in saline soils in the Yellow River Delta. Four levels of N and P fertilizers(N: 0 kg·hm~(-2), 135 kg·hm~(-2), 170 kg·hm~(-2), 405 kg·hm~(-2); P: 0 kg·hm~(-2), 53 kg·hm~(-2), 105 kg·hm~(-2), 157.5 kg·hm~(-2)) were set in eight treatments based on the ‘3414' test in order to investigate the fit effect of the four fertilizer-effect models — linear plus plateau, unary quadratic, square root and binary quadratic. To ensure the accuracy of fertilizer-effect models, the least square method was used in the statistical regression analysis. The results suggested that the four fertilizer-effect models had an extremely significant level(P < 0.01) based on the fit test. Unary quadratic model of effects of N and P fertilizers was the best among unary fertilizer-effect models, which suggested that the highest income levels were 7 448.3 $·hm~(-2) and 7 357.7 $·hm~(-2) and the recommended N and P rates were 254.4 kg·hm~(-2) and 98.6 kg·hm~(-2), respectively. Compared with the unary models, binary model was better. In binary model, the best N and P application amounts were respectively 244.1 kg·hm~(-2) and 94.2 kg·hm~(-2), with N to P ratio of 2.6. In the model, the economic benefit and agronomic efficiency of N and P were 7 432.4 $·hm~(-2), 6.2 kg(grain)·kg~(-1)(N) and 13.8 kg(grain)·kg-1(P_2O_5), respectively. On the basis of the fitted curve, the binary quadratic model had the better economic fertilizer rate, agronomic efficiency, economic benefits than the unary models. Then the binary quadratic fertilization model was the best for wheat cultivation in saline soils in Yellow River Delta.
Salt-affected soils distribute widely across the Yellow River Delta, which inhibit plant growth and crop yield in this area. Although fertilizer application can alleviate the adverse impact of salinization on crop, little remains known about the performance of different fertilizer-effect models on simulation of ‘3414' fertilizer experiments in winter wheat field in saline soils. Among the essential elements, nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are usually the most important nutrients limiting plant growth in saline or non-saline soils. In this study, four fertilizer-effect models were used to simulate the impact of N and P fertilizers on wheat yield in a field experiment in Lijin County of Shandong Province. The study aimed at selecting suitable fertilizer-effect model for wheat grown in saline soils in the Yellow River Delta. Four levels of N and P fertilizers(N: 0 kg·hm~(-2), 135 kg·hm~(-2), 170 kg·hm~(-2), 405 kg·hm~(-2); P: 0 kg·hm~(-2), 53 kg·hm~(-2), 105 kg·hm~(-2), 157.5 kg·hm~(-2)) were set in eight treatments based on the ‘3414' test in order to investigate the fit effect of the four fertilizer-effect models — linear plus plateau, unary quadratic, square root and binary quadratic. To ensure the accuracy of fertilizer-effect models, the least square method was used in the statistical regression analysis. The results suggested that the four fertilizer-effect models had an extremely significant level(P < 0.01) based on the fit test. Unary quadratic model of effects of N and P fertilizers was the best among unary fertilizer-effect models, which suggested that the highest income levels were 7 448.3 $·hm~(-2) and 7 357.7 $·hm~(-2) and the recommended N and P rates were 254.4 kg·hm~(-2) and 98.6 kg·hm~(-2), respectively. Compared with the unary models, binary model was better. In binary model, the best N and P application amounts were respectively 244.1 kg·hm~(-2) and 94.2 kg·hm~(-2), with N to P ratio of 2.6. In the model, the economic benefit and agronomic efficiency of N and P were 7 432.4 $·hm~(-2), 6.2 kg(grain)·kg~(-1)(N) and 13.8 kg(grain)·kg-1(P_2O_5), respectively. On the basis of the fitted curve, the binary quadratic model had the better economic fertilizer rate, agronomic efficiency, economic benefits than the unary models. Then the binary quadratic fertilization model was the best for wheat cultivation in saline soils in Yellow River Delta.
引文
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[4]李百红,赵庚星,董超,等.基于遥感和GIS的黄河三角洲盐化土地动态及其驱动力分析[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(2):310–318Li B H,Zhao G X,Dong C,et al.Dynamic and driving force analysis of salinized land in the Yellow River Delta based on RS and GIS[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(2):310–318
[5]吴志芬,赵善伦,张雪雷.黄河三角洲盐生植被与土壤盐分的相关性研究[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(2):184–193Wu Z F,Zhao S L,Zhang X L.Studies on interrelation between salt vegetation and soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1994,18(2):184–193
[6]王海梅,李政海,宋国宝,等.黄河三角洲植被分布、土地利用类型与土壤理化性状关系的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2006,37(1):69–75Wang H M,Li Z H,Song G B,et al.The correlation among vegetation distribution,land use type and soil character in Yellow River Delta[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nei Mongol,2006,37(1):69–75
[7]张建峰,张旭东,周金星,等.世界盐碱地资源及其改良利用的基本措施[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):28–30Zhang J F,Zhang X D,Zhou J X,et al.World resources of saline soil and main amelioration measures[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(6):28–30
[8]周和平,张立新,禹锋,等.我国盐碱地改良技术综述及展望[J].现代农业科技,2007,(11):159–161Zhou H P,Zhang L X,Yu F,et al.Review and prospect of saline land improvement in China[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2007,(11):159–161
[9]崔盛本,钱晓晴,王祝余.淮北盐渍低产稻麦田轮种绿肥的综合效应[J].土壤通报,1995,26(2):78–81Cui S B,Qian X Q,Wang Z Y.The comprehensive benefits of green manure applied in the low yield farmland of rice-wheat rotation in saline soil of Huaibei[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1995,26(2):78–81
[10]陈晓东,赵斌,顾江涛,等.氮肥运筹对江淮麦区饲料大麦籽粒产量与品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(增刊):280–283Chen X D,Zhao B,Gu J T,et al.Effects of nitrogen applica-tion rates and ratio on grain yield and quality of feed barley in Jianghuai wheat region[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2014,29(S1):280–283
[11]王立艳,肖辉,程文娟,等.滨海盐碱地不同培肥方式对作物产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(5):222–227Wang L Y,Xiao H,Cheng W J,et al.Effects of different fertilization mode on crops yield and soil fertility in Coastal Saline soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(5):222–227
[12]李建国,濮励杰,朱明,等.土壤盐渍化研究现状及未来研究热点[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1233–1245Li J G,Pu L J,Zhu M,et al.The present situation and hot issues in the salt-affected soil research[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1233–1245
[13]李宏广,何文寿,段晓红,等.宁夏前进农场碱化土壤改良及水稻合理施肥技术研究[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):217–222Li H G,He W T,Duan X H,et al.Techniques of alkalized soil improvement and rational fertilization for rice on Qianjin farm in Ningxia Province[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2009,18(5):217–222
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