氮素形态配比对黄河三角洲盐渍土区冬小麦幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】了解外源施用氮素形态配比对黄河三角洲盐渍土区冬小麦幼苗生长的影响。【方法】以3种(0.90、1.90、2.90 g/kg)不同盐渍化程度的滨海盐土为对象,采用室内盆栽培养方法,探究在盐分胁迫下氮素形态配比(以N计,硝态氮、铵态氮质量比依次为100%∶0(N100A0)、75%∶25%(N75A25)、50%∶50%(N50A50)、25%∶75%(N25A75)、0∶100%(N0A100))对冬小麦幼苗生长的影响。【结果】(1)氮处理对冬小麦幼苗地上、地下部干质量影响极显著,其中N50A50处理冬小麦地上、地下部干质量最大。(2)各盐分水平下,NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N质量比为75%∶25%能促进冬小麦叶绿素量增加,N50A50处理或N75A25处理有利于小麦幼苗可溶性糖量积累。(3)N50A50处理可显著增加冬小麦幼苗地上、地下部全氮量。【结论】综上所述,在0.90~2.90 g/kg盐度范围内,施用硝态氮和铵态氮的比例为50%∶50%或75%∶25%,有利于冬小麦在苗期更好地吸收氮素营养及积累糖分、叶绿素和干物质。
【Objective】The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of the ratio of different nitrogen fertilizers on growth of winter wheat seedling in saline soil in Yellow River Delta.【Method】Costal saline soils at three salinities were studied: 0.9 g/kg(S1), 1.9 g/kg(S2) and 2.9 g/kg(S2). The response of wheat seedlings grown in pots filled with these soils to different combinations of NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N was investigated. We considered five NO_3~--N∶NH_4~+-N ratios: 100%∶0(N100 A0), 75%∶25%(N75 A25), 5%∶50%(N50 A50), 25%∶75%(N25 A75), and 0∶100%(N0 A100)).【Result】(1) Nitrogen had a significant impact on the dry mass of the aboveground and underground, the dry mass of the aboveground and underground of winter wheat of N50 A50 treatment was the largest.(2)Under different salt levels, NO_3~--N∶NH_4~+-N was 75%∶25%, which could promote chlorophyll content of winter wheat, the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of winter wheat were increased significantly at N75 A25 or N50 A50 treatment.(3) The shoot and root dry weight and total nitrogen content of winter wheat at seedling stages were significantly increased at N50 A50 treatment.【Conclusion】The optimal NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N ratio was 50%∶50% and 75%∶25% in terms of promoting nitrogen uptake by the plant and the accumulation of soluble sugar and chlorophyll, as well as the dry matter of the seedling.
【Objective】The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of the ratio of different nitrogen fertilizers on growth of winter wheat seedling in saline soil in Yellow River Delta.【Method】Costal saline soils at three salinities were studied: 0.9 g/kg(S1), 1.9 g/kg(S2) and 2.9 g/kg(S2). The response of wheat seedlings grown in pots filled with these soils to different combinations of NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N was investigated. We considered five NO_3~--N∶NH_4~+-N ratios: 100%∶0(N100 A0), 75%∶25%(N75 A25), 5%∶50%(N50 A50), 25%∶75%(N25 A75), and 0∶100%(N0 A100)).【Result】(1) Nitrogen had a significant impact on the dry mass of the aboveground and underground, the dry mass of the aboveground and underground of winter wheat of N50 A50 treatment was the largest.(2)Under different salt levels, NO_3~--N∶NH_4~+-N was 75%∶25%, which could promote chlorophyll content of winter wheat, the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of winter wheat were increased significantly at N75 A25 or N50 A50 treatment.(3) The shoot and root dry weight and total nitrogen content of winter wheat at seedling stages were significantly increased at N50 A50 treatment.【Conclusion】The optimal NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N ratio was 50%∶50% and 75%∶25% in terms of promoting nitrogen uptake by the plant and the accumulation of soluble sugar and chlorophyll, as well as the dry matter of the seedling.
引文
[1]管博,于君宝,陆兆华,等.黄河三角洲重度退化滨海湿地盐地碱蓬的生态修复效果[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4 835-4 840.
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[3]柴雨葳,黄彩霞,陆军胜,等.水分胁迫条件下低温对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):53-58.
[4]靖姣姣,路斌,杜欢,等.盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1 147-1 152.
[5]刘丹,王建贺,王从磊,等.不同浓度盐胁迫对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):49-54.
[6]徐新文,徐海量,王艳玲,等.盐胁迫对沙漠公路防护林主要固沙植物叶绿素含量的影响[J].科学通报,2008(S2):96-99.
[7]田桂萍,康双阳.盐碱土壤小麦体内盐分含量动态变化规律[J].灌溉排水学报,1997,16(4):28-31.
[8]赵平,彭少麟.植物氮素营养的生理生态学研究[J].生态科学,1998(2):37-42.
[9]逄焕成,杨劲松,谢晓红.氯化钠胁迫下施氮对冬小麦生长发育及体内氯,钠离子积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(5):654-658.
[10]曾文治,徐驰,黄介生,等.土壤盐分与施氮量交互作用对葵花生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):86-94.
[11]TRAORE A,MARANVILLE J W.Effect of nitrate/ammonium ratio on biomass production,nitrogen accumulation,and use efficiency in sorghums of different origin[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,22(4/5):813-825.
[12]ELGHARABLY A,MARSCHNER P,RENGASAMY P.Wheat growth in a saline sandy loam soil as affected by N form and application rate[J].Plant&Soil,2010,328(1/2):303-312.
[13]罗来超,苗艳芳,李生秀,等.氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(4):81-84.
[14]岳辉,刘英.基于RS和GIS的黄河口海岸线演变及土地利用研究[J].测绘工程,2018,2(27):13-19.
[15]薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2 701-2 702.
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:71-74.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:41-44.
[18]朱新广,王强,张其德,等.冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):177-180.
[19]王嘉佳,唐中华.可溶性糖对植物生长发育调控作用的研究进展[J].植物学研究,2014,3(3):71-76.
[20]马检,樊卫国.不同配比的硝态氮和铵态氮对枇杷实生苗氮素吸收动力学及生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1 152-1 162.
[21]单长卷,付远志,彭贝贝.盐胁迫下谷胱甘肽对玉米幼苗根系抗氧化能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):56-59.
[22]廖岩,彭友贵,陈桂珠.植物耐盐性机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2015(5):407-419.
[23]郑军,曹福亮,郁万文.不同氮素形态及配比对生育后期银杏叶品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2007,24(5):564-568.
[24]刘忠,王朝辉,李生秀.菠菜叶片硝态氮还原对叶柄硝态氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):313-317.
[25]王康,沈荣开,王富庆.冬小麦生长及根系吸氮的动态模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2002,21(1):6-10.
[26]黄明,段有强,李友军,等.不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦氮素积累和利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):290-293.
[27]曹翠玲,李生秀,张占平.氮素形态对小麦生长中后期保护酶等生理特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):295-298.
[28]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:102-106.
[29]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):278-284.
[30]唐晓清,肖云华,赵雪玲,等.不同氮素形态及其比例对菘蓝生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):129-138.
[31]曹翠玲,李生秀.氮素形态对小麦中后期的生理效应[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):258-262.
[32]胡立勇,丁艳锋.作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育社,2008:35-84.
[33]郑延海,蒋高明.外源硝酸钾对小麦氯化钠胁迫缓解机理的研究进展[J].科学通报,2008,53(24):3 140-3 140.
[34]CHARTZOULAKIS K,KLAPAKI G.Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2000,86(3):247-260.
[35]王磊,隆小华,孟宪法,等.不同形态氮素配比对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):255-261.
[36]代建龙,董合忠,段留生.盐分差异分布下不同形态氮素对棉苗生长及主要营养元素吸收的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):9-15.
[2]MUNNS R,TESTER M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2008,59:651-681.
[3]柴雨葳,黄彩霞,陆军胜,等.水分胁迫条件下低温对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):53-58.
[4]靖姣姣,路斌,杜欢,等.盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1 147-1 152.
[5]刘丹,王建贺,王从磊,等.不同浓度盐胁迫对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):49-54.
[6]徐新文,徐海量,王艳玲,等.盐胁迫对沙漠公路防护林主要固沙植物叶绿素含量的影响[J].科学通报,2008(S2):96-99.
[7]田桂萍,康双阳.盐碱土壤小麦体内盐分含量动态变化规律[J].灌溉排水学报,1997,16(4):28-31.
[8]赵平,彭少麟.植物氮素营养的生理生态学研究[J].生态科学,1998(2):37-42.
[9]逄焕成,杨劲松,谢晓红.氯化钠胁迫下施氮对冬小麦生长发育及体内氯,钠离子积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(5):654-658.
[10]曾文治,徐驰,黄介生,等.土壤盐分与施氮量交互作用对葵花生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):86-94.
[11]TRAORE A,MARANVILLE J W.Effect of nitrate/ammonium ratio on biomass production,nitrogen accumulation,and use efficiency in sorghums of different origin[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,22(4/5):813-825.
[12]ELGHARABLY A,MARSCHNER P,RENGASAMY P.Wheat growth in a saline sandy loam soil as affected by N form and application rate[J].Plant&Soil,2010,328(1/2):303-312.
[13]罗来超,苗艳芳,李生秀,等.氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(4):81-84.
[14]岳辉,刘英.基于RS和GIS的黄河口海岸线演变及土地利用研究[J].测绘工程,2018,2(27):13-19.
[15]薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2 701-2 702.
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:71-74.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:41-44.
[18]朱新广,王强,张其德,等.冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):177-180.
[19]王嘉佳,唐中华.可溶性糖对植物生长发育调控作用的研究进展[J].植物学研究,2014,3(3):71-76.
[20]马检,樊卫国.不同配比的硝态氮和铵态氮对枇杷实生苗氮素吸收动力学及生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1 152-1 162.
[21]单长卷,付远志,彭贝贝.盐胁迫下谷胱甘肽对玉米幼苗根系抗氧化能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):56-59.
[22]廖岩,彭友贵,陈桂珠.植物耐盐性机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2015(5):407-419.
[23]郑军,曹福亮,郁万文.不同氮素形态及配比对生育后期银杏叶品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2007,24(5):564-568.
[24]刘忠,王朝辉,李生秀.菠菜叶片硝态氮还原对叶柄硝态氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):313-317.
[25]王康,沈荣开,王富庆.冬小麦生长及根系吸氮的动态模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2002,21(1):6-10.
[26]黄明,段有强,李友军,等.不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦氮素积累和利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):290-293.
[27]曹翠玲,李生秀,张占平.氮素形态对小麦生长中后期保护酶等生理特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):295-298.
[28]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:102-106.
[29]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):278-284.
[30]唐晓清,肖云华,赵雪玲,等.不同氮素形态及其比例对菘蓝生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):129-138.
[31]曹翠玲,李生秀.氮素形态对小麦中后期的生理效应[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):258-262.
[32]胡立勇,丁艳锋.作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育社,2008:35-84.
[33]郑延海,蒋高明.外源硝酸钾对小麦氯化钠胁迫缓解机理的研究进展[J].科学通报,2008,53(24):3 140-3 140.
[34]CHARTZOULAKIS K,KLAPAKI G.Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2000,86(3):247-260.
[35]王磊,隆小华,孟宪法,等.不同形态氮素配比对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):255-261.
[36]代建龙,董合忠,段留生.盐分差异分布下不同形态氮素对棉苗生长及主要营养元素吸收的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):9-15.