上备田河小流域不同林分类型固土保水能力
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摘要
以江西上犹县上备田河小流域连续8年的监测数据为基础,分析比较针阔混交林、湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林和宜林荒山荒地(对照)5种不同林分类型的固土保水能力及其与降雨量、降雨强度、径流量和含沙量等因子的关系。结果表明:(1)各类型的径流量与土壤侵蚀量均呈逐年下降趋势,其针阔混交林年平均下降率最大,分别为7.4%和22.5%,变化最小的均为宜林荒山荒地。(2)年均径流量与年均土壤侵蚀量均表现为宜林荒山荒地>马尾松林>杉木林>湿地松林>针阔混交林;针阔混交林与宜林荒山荒地的径流量差异显著(P<0.05);针阔混交林、湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林与宜林荒山荒地的土壤侵蚀量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),针阔混交林与湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林的土壤侵蚀量差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)不同类型的土壤侵蚀量与降雨量、降雨强度均呈显著或极显著相关,降雨量、降雨强度对宜林荒山荒地土壤侵蚀量的影响程度最大,对针阔混交林的影响最小。
Based on 8 consecutive years,monitoring data of Shangbeitian River Watershed located in Shangyou County of Jiangxi Province,the soil and water conservation capacity of five stand types of coniferbroadleaf forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation,Pinus elliottii plantation,Pinus massoniana forest and barren hill and wasteland and its correlation with rainfall,rainfall intensity,runoff,sediment concentration and other factors were analyzed and compared.The results showed as follows:( 1) The runoff and soil erosion concentration of various types decreased year by year.The average annual runoff and soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest were the biggest in the above types,the maximums were 7.4% and 22.5%.And those of barren hill and wasteland were the smallest;( 2) The annual average runoff and soil erosion concentration presented the order as barren hill and wasteland > Pinus massoniana forest > Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation > Pinus elliottii plantation>conifer-broadleaf forest. The difference in runoff between conifer-broadleaf forest and barren hill and wasteland was significant( P < 0.05). The soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest,Pinus elliottii plantation,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana forest was significantly different from the soil erosion concentration of barren hill and wasteland( P < 0. 05). The soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest was significantly different from the soil erosion concentration of Pinus elliottii plantation,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana forest( P < 0.05).( 3) The soil erosion of different types was significantly correlated with rainfall and rainfall intensity. Rainfall and rainfall intensity had the largest effect on the soil erosion of barren hill and wasteland and had the least effect on the soil erosion of conifer-broadleaf forest.
Based on 8 consecutive years,monitoring data of Shangbeitian River Watershed located in Shangyou County of Jiangxi Province,the soil and water conservation capacity of five stand types of coniferbroadleaf forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation,Pinus elliottii plantation,Pinus massoniana forest and barren hill and wasteland and its correlation with rainfall,rainfall intensity,runoff,sediment concentration and other factors were analyzed and compared.The results showed as follows:( 1) The runoff and soil erosion concentration of various types decreased year by year.The average annual runoff and soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest were the biggest in the above types,the maximums were 7.4% and 22.5%.And those of barren hill and wasteland were the smallest;( 2) The annual average runoff and soil erosion concentration presented the order as barren hill and wasteland > Pinus massoniana forest > Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation > Pinus elliottii plantation>conifer-broadleaf forest. The difference in runoff between conifer-broadleaf forest and barren hill and wasteland was significant( P < 0.05). The soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest,Pinus elliottii plantation,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana forest was significantly different from the soil erosion concentration of barren hill and wasteland( P < 0. 05). The soil erosion concentration of conifer-broadleaf forest was significantly different from the soil erosion concentration of Pinus elliottii plantation,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana forest( P < 0.05).( 3) The soil erosion of different types was significantly correlated with rainfall and rainfall intensity. Rainfall and rainfall intensity had the largest effect on the soil erosion of barren hill and wasteland and had the least effect on the soil erosion of conifer-broadleaf forest.
引文
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[17]魏强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同植被下的地表径流和土壤侵蚀[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):111-117.Wei Q,Zhang Q L,Dai H Y,et al.Surface runoff and soil erosion of different vegetations in Daqing Mountain,inner mongolia[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(5):111-117.
[2]Garcia-Fayos P,Bochet E.Indication of antagonistic interaction between climate change and erosion on plant species richness and soil properties in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems!J".Global Change Biology,2009,15(2):306-318.
[3]张少博,李建贵,黄俊华,等.草地覆盖对伊犁河谷地表产流产沙的影响因素分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(5):995-1001.Zhang S B,Li J G,Huang J H,et al.Impact of the grass coverage on runoff and sediment in the Yili River valley[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(5):995-1001.
[4]刘璐璐,曹巍,邵全琴.南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):603-611.Liu L L,Cao W,Shao Q Q.Water conservation function of forest ecosystem in the southern and northern Pan River watershed[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(4):603-611.
[5]孙清琳,李延森,郭继凯,等.云和县森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(5):888-896.Sun Q L,Li Y S,Guo J K,et al.Assessment of water conservation function of forest ecosystem in Yunhe County,Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2015,51(5):888-896.
[6]莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009-5016.Mo F,Li X Y,He S X,et al.Evaluation of soil and water conservation capacity of different forest types in Dongling Mountain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):5009-5016.
[7]刘璐璐,邵全琴,刘纪远,等.琼江河流域森林生态系统水源涵养能力估算[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(3):451-457.Liu L L,Shao Q Q,Liu J Y,et al.Estimation of forest water conservation capacity in Qiongjiang River watershed[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(3):451-457.
[8]黄承标,刘运华,秦武明,等.3种植被恢复过程中水土流失规律的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(2):59-64.Huang C B,Liu Y H,Qin W M,et al.Study on the water and soil erosion rules during the three types of vegetation recovery process[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,34(2):59-64.
[9]李钦禄.不同类型植被的水土保持与涵养水源能力的探讨–以小良热带人工林为例[J].亚热带水土保持,2009,21(4):31-33.Li Q L.Study on the soil and water conservation capacities for different types of vegetations in the tropical artificial forest at Xiaoliang Area[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2009,21(4):31-33.
[10]杨贤均,邓云叶,段林东.三种不同林分的保护水土功能分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):177-182.Yang X J,Deng Y Y,Duan L D.Analysis on soil and water protection functions of three types of stands[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):177-182.
[11]白秀梅,韩有志,郭汉清.关帝山不同植被恢复类型土壤抗蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):79-84.Bai X M,Han Y Z,Guo H Q.Study on soil anti-erodibility of different vegetation restoration types in Guandi Mountain[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):79-84.
[12]吴庆贵,邹利娟,吴福忠,等.涪江流域丘陵区不同植被类型水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):254-258.Wu Q G,Zou L J,Wu F Z,et al.Water conservation capacity of five main forest in the hilly area of Fujiang River basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):254-258.
[13]高岗,秦富仓,姚云峰,等.东北农牧交错带小流域不同林草植被类型水源涵养功能综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(6):132-135.Gao G,Qin F C,Yao Y F,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on water conservation function of the different forest and grass vegetation types in Dawujia watershed of farming-pastoral zone[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(6):132-135.
[14]Fantinel R A,Benedetti A C P.Evaluation of influencing factors on the vulnerability of soil erosion through the multicriteria decision making and techniques geoprocessing county of Piratini-RS!J".Ciência e Natura,2016,38(1):156-163.
[15]Luo Z,Deng L,Yan C.Soil erosion under different plant cover types and its influencing factors in Napahai Catchment,Shangri-La County,Yunnan Province,China!J".International Journal of Sustainable Development&World Ecology,2014,22(2):1-7.
[16]王瑄,徐璐,陈雯静,等.天然降雨条件下裸坡产沙量的逐步回归分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):117-119,124.Wang X,Xu L,Chen W J,et al.Stepwise regression analysis for sediment yield on bare slope under natural rainfall condition[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(1):117-119,124.
[17]魏强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同植被下的地表径流和土壤侵蚀[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):111-117.Wei Q,Zhang Q L,Dai H Y,et al.Surface runoff and soil erosion of different vegetations in Daqing Mountain,inner mongolia[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(5):111-117.