自然环境中地面温度对亚洲小车蝗体温的影响
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摘要
为了解白天地面温度对亚洲小车蝗体温的影响,2017年7月和2018年6-8月在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的自然生境中6个地点开展了调查。结果表明:亚洲小车蝗的平均体温随地温变化,且在6:00-12:00和16:00-19:00内高于平均地温。地温与不同龄期和性别亚洲小车蝗体温之间呈极显著的非线性关系(P<0.01)。体温只出现一次高峰,13:00左右的(39.3±0.2)℃;地温出现2次高峰,13:00左右的(42.0±0.5)℃和15:00左右的(38.9±0.4)℃。地温为31.5～38.3℃时,成虫的体温调节能力显著强于蝗蝻(P<0.05);地温低于31.5℃和38.3～48.2℃时,蝗蝻的体温调节能力显著强于成虫(P<0.05)。地温为26.1～40.0℃,雌虫的体温调节能力显著强于雄虫(P<0.05);地温高于40.0℃,雄虫的体温调节能力显著强于雌虫(P<0.05)。因此,地温可以作为监测该虫生长发育的因子为其防控提供依据。
To study the relationship between ground surface temperature and body temperature of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus(Orthoptera: Oedipodidae), we conducted surveys at 6 different locations in the natural grassland habitat of Xilingol league, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2017 and June to August 2018. The results showed that average body temperature of O.decorus asiaticus followed the changes in ground surface temperature, but a slightly higher temperature level from 6:00 to 12:00, and from 16:00 to 19:00. There was a significant nonlinear regression(P<0.01) between the ground surface temperature and the body temperature of O.decorus asiaticus regardless of development stages or sex. The highest average body temperature appeared with(39.3±0.2)℃ at approximately 13:00, while there were two peaks of the ground surface temperature with(42.0±0.5)℃ and(38.9±0.4)℃ at approximately 13:00 and 15:00 respectively. When the ground surface temperature was between 31.5℃ and 38.3℃, the grasshopper adults had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the nymphs(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was below 31.5℃, between 38.3℃ and 48.2℃, the grasshopper nyphms had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the adults(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was between 26.1℃ and 40.0℃, the female grasshoppers had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the males(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was above 40.0℃, the male grasshoppers had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the females(P<0.05). We concluded that the ground surface temperature can be a key factor to monitor the development of O.decorus asiaticus to plan management activities.
To study the relationship between ground surface temperature and body temperature of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus(Orthoptera: Oedipodidae), we conducted surveys at 6 different locations in the natural grassland habitat of Xilingol league, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2017 and June to August 2018. The results showed that average body temperature of O.decorus asiaticus followed the changes in ground surface temperature, but a slightly higher temperature level from 6:00 to 12:00, and from 16:00 to 19:00. There was a significant nonlinear regression(P<0.01) between the ground surface temperature and the body temperature of O.decorus asiaticus regardless of development stages or sex. The highest average body temperature appeared with(39.3±0.2)℃ at approximately 13:00, while there were two peaks of the ground surface temperature with(42.0±0.5)℃ and(38.9±0.4)℃ at approximately 13:00 and 15:00 respectively. When the ground surface temperature was between 31.5℃ and 38.3℃, the grasshopper adults had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the nymphs(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was below 31.5℃, between 38.3℃ and 48.2℃, the grasshopper nyphms had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the adults(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was between 26.1℃ and 40.0℃, the female grasshoppers had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the males(P<0.05). When the ground surface temperature was above 40.0℃, the male grasshoppers had significantly stronger thermoregulation ability than the females(P<0.05). We concluded that the ground surface temperature can be a key factor to monitor the development of O.decorus asiaticus to plan management activities.
引文
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[20] 仝川,郗风江,杨景荣,等.锡林河流域中游草原植被退化遥感监测及合理放牧强度的确定[J].草业学报,2003,12(4):78-83.
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[23] BLANFORD S,THOMAS M B,LANGEWALD J.Thermal ecology of Zonocerus variegatus and its effects on biocontrol using pathogens[J]. Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2000,2(1):3-10.
[24] BLANFORD S, THOMAS M B, LANGEWALD J. Behavioural fever in the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis, and its implications for biological control using pathogens [J]. Ecological Entomology,1998,23(1):9-14.
[25] 姚君明.东亚飞蝗体温调节特性及其对绿僵菌致病性影响的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.
[26] KLASS J I, BLANFORD S, THOMAS M B. Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens [J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2007,9(3):189-199.
[27] 岳梅,雷仲仁,朱彬洲,等.东亚飞蝗耐高温能力及其体温调节行为[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(10):1103-1109.
[28] ANDERSON R V, TRACY C R, ABRAMSKY Z. Habitat selection in two species of short-horned grasshoppers.The role of thermal and hydric stresses [J]. Oecologia,1979,38(3):359-374.
[29] 涂雄兵.绿僵菌侵染对东亚飞蝗发育的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[30] 任金龙,赵莉,赵炎,等.意大利蝗对温度耐受力的初探[J].草业科学,2015,32(2):274-280.
[2] 潘建梅.内蒙古草原蝗虫发生原因及防治对策[J].中国草地学报,2002,24(6):66-69.
[3] 康乐,陈永林.草原蝗虫营养生态位的研究[J].昆虫学报,1994,37(2):178-189.
[4] 李万春,张连庆,贾晓玲,等.对草原蝗虫防治工作的几点认识[J].植物保护,2004,30(3):84-85.
[5] 黄冠辉,龙庆成.东亚飞蝗飞翔时的体温变化[J].昆虫学报,1962,11(4):419-421.
[6] THOMAS M B, BLANFORD S. Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2003, 18(7): 344-350.
[7] DIGBY P S B. Factors affecting the temperature excess of insects in sunshine [J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1955, 32(2): 279-298.
[8] 胡凌君,杜卫国.多疣壁虎的体温调节及运动能力热依赖性[J].动物学报,2007,53(2):227-232.
[9] HAGSTRUM D W, LEACH C E. Role of constant and fluctuating temperatures in determining development time and fecundity of three species of stored-products Coleoptera [J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1973,66(2):407-410.
[10] WHITMAN D W. Developmental thermal requirements for the grasshopper Taeniopoda eques (Orthoptera: Aerididae)[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1986,79(4):711-714.
[11] WOODS H A. Ontogenetic changes in the body temperature of an insect herbivore [J].Functional Ecology,2013,27(6):1322-1331.
[12] GUNN A. The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light [J]. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1998,86(2):125-133.
[13] 刘银民,阳积文,范春斌,等.调控东亚飞蝗体温的主要环境因子分析[J].植物保护学报,2018,45(6):1296-1301.
[14] MAY M L. Body temperature and thermoregulation of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata [J]. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982, 31(4): 413-420.
[15] HUEY R B, KINGSOLVER J G. Evolution of thermal sensitivity of ectotherm performance [J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,1989,4(5):131-135.
[16] BLANFORD S, THOMAS M B. Thermal behavior of two acridid species: effects of habitat and season on body temperature and the potential impact on biocontrol with pathogens [J]. Environmental Entomology,2000,29(5):1060-1069.
[17] ARTHURS S, THOMAS M B. Effect of dose, pre-mortem host incubation temperature and thermal behaviour on host mortality, mycosis and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum in Schistocerca gregaria[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2001,11(3):411-420.
[18] 李政海,鲍雅静,王海梅,等.锡林郭勒草原荒漠化状况及原因分析[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(6):2312-2318.
[19] 郭元朝.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原蝗虫发生危害及其防治对策[J].草原与草业,2007,19(3):30-33.
[20] 仝川,郗风江,杨景荣,等.锡林河流域中游草原植被退化遥感监测及合理放牧强度的确定[J].草业学报,2003,12(4):78-83.
[21] 刘玲,郭安红.2004年内蒙古草原蝗虫大发生的气象生态条件分析[J].气象,2004,30(11):55-57.
[22] 徐骁骁,孙清琳,刘鹏,等.环境温度对黑龙江草蜥体温及生理体温调节能力的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):447-451.
[23] BLANFORD S,THOMAS M B,LANGEWALD J.Thermal ecology of Zonocerus variegatus and its effects on biocontrol using pathogens[J]. Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2000,2(1):3-10.
[24] BLANFORD S, THOMAS M B, LANGEWALD J. Behavioural fever in the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis, and its implications for biological control using pathogens [J]. Ecological Entomology,1998,23(1):9-14.
[25] 姚君明.东亚飞蝗体温调节特性及其对绿僵菌致病性影响的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.
[26] KLASS J I, BLANFORD S, THOMAS M B. Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens [J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2007,9(3):189-199.
[27] 岳梅,雷仲仁,朱彬洲,等.东亚飞蝗耐高温能力及其体温调节行为[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(10):1103-1109.
[28] ANDERSON R V, TRACY C R, ABRAMSKY Z. Habitat selection in two species of short-horned grasshoppers.The role of thermal and hydric stresses [J]. Oecologia,1979,38(3):359-374.
[29] 涂雄兵.绿僵菌侵染对东亚飞蝗发育的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[30] 任金龙,赵莉,赵炎,等.意大利蝗对温度耐受力的初探[J].草业科学,2015,32(2):274-280.