甘肃高台骆驼城遗址区水患治理历史与现状
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摘要
甘肃高台骆驼城遗址区分布有许三湾城及墓群和骆驼城遗址及墓群等国家级文物保护单位,坐落于祁连山前冲洪积倾斜平原地带,长期遭受季节性洪水灾害、冲沟侵蚀和地面积水等严重威胁。本文以许三湾城及墓群和骆驼城遗址作为重点研究对象,现场调查遗址保存现状,分析区域环境与遗址区洪水灾害的关系,总结工程性防洪措施的历史智慧。洪水治理工程措施以"防"和"导"为主要方略,包括汉魏晋时期的五道梁防洪坝、许三湾城及墓群南部平行于等高线修建的防洪堤与排洪沟、建国后骆驼城遗址周围区域的防洪堤坝等。针对骆驼城遗址依然存在的水患问题,提出了工程治理方案,主要包括冲沟回填和城内积水整治,期望提升该遗址的整体保护水平。
There are some National Cultural Heritage Sites in Gaotai County, Gansu Province, China, including the Xusanwan City and tombs, the Luotuo City and tombs etc. These historical sites are located in the alluvial plain area in front of the Qilian Mountain and have been suffering from serious threats such as seasonal floods, gully erosion and impounded surface water for a long time. This study, taking the Xusanwan City and the Luotuo City as an example, investigates the preservation status of the relics and analyzes the relationship between regional environments and flood disasters so as to summarize the flood control wisdom in historical engineering. Two kinds of flood control engineering were practiced following the protection and drainage strategies,such as the Wudaoliang Dam constructed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the system of flood embankment and drainage ditch in south of the Xusanwan City and tombs, and the flood control embankment around the Luotuo City after 1950 s. A new proposal is suggested to improve the flood control at the Luotuo City site including backfilling of gullies and getting rid of impounded surface water.
There are some National Cultural Heritage Sites in Gaotai County, Gansu Province, China, including the Xusanwan City and tombs, the Luotuo City and tombs etc. These historical sites are located in the alluvial plain area in front of the Qilian Mountain and have been suffering from serious threats such as seasonal floods, gully erosion and impounded surface water for a long time. This study, taking the Xusanwan City and the Luotuo City as an example, investigates the preservation status of the relics and analyzes the relationship between regional environments and flood disasters so as to summarize the flood control wisdom in historical engineering. Two kinds of flood control engineering were practiced following the protection and drainage strategies,such as the Wudaoliang Dam constructed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the system of flood embankment and drainage ditch in south of the Xusanwan City and tombs, and the flood control embankment around the Luotuo City after 1950 s. A new proposal is suggested to improve the flood control at the Luotuo City site including backfilling of gullies and getting rid of impounded surface water.
引文
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(1)参考王力军、陈同滨《甘肃省高台县骆驼城遗址及墓群保护总体规划》,中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所内部刊物,2006年。
(2)参考王力军、陈同滨《甘肃省高台县许三湾城及墓群保护总体规划》,中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所内部刊物,2006年。
[2]吴庆洲.中国古代城市防洪研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995.
[3]孙满利,李最雄,王旭东,等.干旱区土遗址病害的分类研究[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(06):772-778.
[4]王旭东.中国干旱环境中土遗址保护关键技术研究新进展[J].敦煌研究.2008(6):6-12.
[5]李并成.甘肃省高台县骆驼城遗址新考[J].中国历史地理论丛,2006,21(1):108-112.
[6]李栋梁,冯建英,陈雷,等.黑河流量和祁连山气候的年代际变化[J].高原气象,2003,22(2):104-110.
[7]高台县志编纂委员会.高台县志[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1993.
[8]邓拓.中国救荒史[M].北京:北京出版社,1998.
[9]慕少堂,辑著.甘宁青史略[M].兰州:兰州俊华印书馆,1936.
[10]曹勇.甘肃高台戈壁滩文物普查发现2千年前防洪坝[EB/OL].[2009-12-14]http://china.huanqiu.com/roll/2009-12/659156.html.
[11]中华人民共和国水利部.GB50201-2014防洪标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014.
(1)参考王力军、陈同滨《甘肃省高台县骆驼城遗址及墓群保护总体规划》,中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所内部刊物,2006年。
(2)参考王力军、陈同滨《甘肃省高台县许三湾城及墓群保护总体规划》,中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所内部刊物,2006年。