祁连山麓明长城夯土力学与粒度特性关联性研究
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摘要
以祁连山南北两麓18处明长城原状夯土为对象,在建造地点、年代和工艺调查的基础上,采用无侧限抗压强度试验、颗粒分析试验、分形以及非线性拟合分析方法对夯土的应力-应变、强度以及颗粒组成与分布特征进行研究.结果表明:据夯土无侧限抗压强度试验所表现出的应力-应变关系、屈服和强度特性,可将其划分为单峰和多峰屈服型2类; 2类夯土各变形阶段的特征值与曲率系数、抗压强度与粒度分维值均存在良好量化对应关系.研究结果为判定同一区域、时代以及工艺条件下古代夯土力学性质优劣提供了新的途径.
Based on the investigation of their building locations, eras and techniques, 18 sites were selected for sampling undisturbed rammed earth of the Ming Great Wall located in the north and south sides of the Qilian Mountain a series tests of uniaxial compression and particle size analysis were conducted, and analyses of geometry fractal and nonlinear fitting were made in order to research into the stress-strain,strength, particle composition and distribution characteristics of rammed earth. The research showed that the rammed earth discussed above could be divided into single and multi-peak submission types respectively according to the stress-strain relationship and characteristics of submission and strength reflected from the compression tests; the eigenvalue in each deformation stage was of a good quantitative correspondence with the coefficient of curvature, compressive strength and particle size fractal dimension. In the research one new reliable approach has been found for judging the nature of the pros and cons of me-chanical properties of the ancient rammed earth in the same conditions of area, eras and techniques.
Based on the investigation of their building locations, eras and techniques, 18 sites were selected for sampling undisturbed rammed earth of the Ming Great Wall located in the north and south sides of the Qilian Mountain a series tests of uniaxial compression and particle size analysis were conducted, and analyses of geometry fractal and nonlinear fitting were made in order to research into the stress-strain,strength, particle composition and distribution characteristics of rammed earth. The research showed that the rammed earth discussed above could be divided into single and multi-peak submission types respectively according to the stress-strain relationship and characteristics of submission and strength reflected from the compression tests; the eigenvalue in each deformation stage was of a good quantitative correspondence with the coefficient of curvature, compressive strength and particle size fractal dimension. In the research one new reliable approach has been found for judging the nature of the pros and cons of me-chanical properties of the ancient rammed earth in the same conditions of area, eras and techniques.
引文
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[2] Jaquin P A, Augarde C E, Gerrard C M. Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques[J]. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2008, 2(4):377-400.
[3]孙博,周仲华,张虎元,等.夯土建筑遗址表面温度变化特征及预报模型[J].岩土力学, 2011, 32(3):867-871.
[4]崔凯,谌文武,张景科,等.干旱区古代建材夯土特征及劣化机理研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版, 2012,44(6):47-54.
[5]王宝卿.夯土建筑材料耐久性试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2006.
[6]中国文化遗产研究院.中国文物保护与修复技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009.
[7] Paul J. Influence of arabic and Chinese rammed earth techniques in the Himalayan Region[J]. Environmental Sciences, 2012, 4(10):2650-2660.
[8] Araki H, Koseki J, Sato T. Tensile strength of compacted rammed earth materials[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2016,56(2):189-204.
[9] Reddy B V V, Kumar P P. Cement stabilized rammed earth, part B:compressive strength and stress-strain characteristics[J]. Materials and Structures, 2011, 44(3):695-707.
[10]王毅红,仲继清,石以霞.外生土结构研究综述[J].工程学报, 2015, 48(6):81-87.
[11]王旭东.中国西北干旱环境下石窟与土建筑遗址保护加固研究[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2002.
[12]赵海英,汪稔,李最雄,等.战国秦时期夯土长城加固强度试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28(增刊1):79-84.
[13]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄.西北地区土遗址病害[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 46(6):41-45.
[14]彭兴黔,施维娟,花长城.土楼夯土风雨侵蚀机理及侵蚀损耗量研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版, 2015,47(1):105-111.
[15]丘富科.中国文化遗产词典[M].北京:文物出版社,2009.
[16]姚晓静.美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)标准目录[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 2006.
[17]中华人民共和国水利部.土工试验方法标准[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 1999.
[18] Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions analysis and limitations[J]. Soil Science Society of America, 1992, 56(1):362-369.