长期CO_2加富对温室辣椒结果期光合生理及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究长期CO_2加富对日光温室辣椒盛果期光合生理和产量的影响及其生理基础,为日光温室辣椒CO_2施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以温室辣椒为材料,设定3个不同CO_2加富处理,分别为不施用CO_2(对照),CO_2含量为(600±50)和(1 200±50)μL/L,研究长期CO_2加富对温室辣椒光合生理变化规律的影响,并对其生理机理进行探究。【结果】长期CO_2加富处理有利于辣椒净光合速率增加,促进作用在加富处理40d后会逐渐降低,出现了光合适应现象,但加富CO_2处理辣椒的净光合速率仍显著高于对照,其中加富CO_2(1 200±50)μL/L的处理在整个试验期对辣椒净光合速率的促进作用最为显著。长期CO_2加富降低了辣椒叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度,促进了辣椒叶片胞间CO_2浓度的升高;增加了辣椒生物产量和经济产量,其中加富CO_2(1 200±50)μL/L的处理,辣椒生物产量、经济产量分别较对照增加15.2%和13.0%。Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶对光合作用的调节作用,是辣椒产生光合适应现象的主要因素,气孔导度的变化不是引起光合适应现象的主要因素。【结论】日光温室中,在辣椒盛果期进行(1 200±50)μL/L长期CO_2加富施肥较适宜。
【Objective】This paper studied the effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on photosynthetic physiology and yields of pepper in solar greenhouse and the physiological basis to provide basis for theoretical CO_2 fertilization.【Method】Three treatments including no CO_2 enrichment,(600±50)μL/L and(1200±50)μL/L CO_2 enrichment were used to investigated the effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on photosynthetic physiology of pepper in greenhouse and explored the physiological mechanism.【Result】Long-time CO_2 enrichment during fruiting in solar greenhouse increased net photosynthetic rate of pepper.The promoting effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on net photosynthetic rate of pepper was gradually de-creased,and the pepper appeared photosynthetic adaptation after 40 days,but net photosynthetic rates of pepper under CO_2 enrichment were still significantly higher than those in control.The CO_2 enrichment treatment of(1 200±50)μL/L had the largest promotion effect on net photosynthetic rate of pepper.Long-time CO_2 enrichment decreased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of pepper leaf,while promoted intercellular CO_2 concentration of pepper leaf.Long-time CO_2 enrichment increased biological yield and economic yield.The biological yield and economic yield were increased by 15.2% and 13.0%in the(1 200±50)μL/L treatment.The regulation of Rubisco and RCA active enzymes on the photosynthesis was the key factor of photosynthetic adaptation of pepper,while the change of stomatal conductance was not.【Conclusion】Long-time CO_2 enrichment of(1 200±50)μL/L was appropriate adjustment measure to increase yields during fruiting of pepper in solar greenhouse.
【Objective】This paper studied the effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on photosynthetic physiology and yields of pepper in solar greenhouse and the physiological basis to provide basis for theoretical CO_2 fertilization.【Method】Three treatments including no CO_2 enrichment,(600±50)μL/L and(1200±50)μL/L CO_2 enrichment were used to investigated the effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on photosynthetic physiology of pepper in greenhouse and explored the physiological mechanism.【Result】Long-time CO_2 enrichment during fruiting in solar greenhouse increased net photosynthetic rate of pepper.The promoting effect of long-time CO_2 enrichment on net photosynthetic rate of pepper was gradually de-creased,and the pepper appeared photosynthetic adaptation after 40 days,but net photosynthetic rates of pepper under CO_2 enrichment were still significantly higher than those in control.The CO_2 enrichment treatment of(1 200±50)μL/L had the largest promotion effect on net photosynthetic rate of pepper.Long-time CO_2 enrichment decreased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of pepper leaf,while promoted intercellular CO_2 concentration of pepper leaf.Long-time CO_2 enrichment increased biological yield and economic yield.The biological yield and economic yield were increased by 15.2% and 13.0%in the(1 200±50)μL/L treatment.The regulation of Rubisco and RCA active enzymes on the photosynthesis was the key factor of photosynthetic adaptation of pepper,while the change of stomatal conductance was not.【Conclusion】Long-time CO_2 enrichment of(1 200±50)μL/L was appropriate adjustment measure to increase yields during fruiting of pepper in solar greenhouse.
引文
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[9]杨志刚,崔世茂,胡栓红,等.一种设施蔬菜使用的CO2施肥装置:中国,ZL201520523147.9[P].2015-11-25.Yang Z G,Cui S M,Hu S H,et al.A device of carbon dioxide fertilization in protected vegetable:China,ZL201520523147.9[P].2015-11-25.
[10]潘璐,刘杰才,李晓静,等.高温和加富CO2温室中黄瓜Rubisco活化酶与光合作用的关系[J].园艺学报,2014,41(8):1591-1600.Pan L,Liu J C,Li X J,et al.Correlation between Rubisco activase and photosynthesis of cucumber in greenhouse under high temperature and elevated CO2[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(8):1591-1600.
[11]林碧英,张瑜,林义章,等.不同CO2浓度对豇豆光合特性和若干生理生化指标的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):964-969.Lin B Y,Zhang Y,Lin Y Z,et al.Effects of CO2concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and physiological and biochemical indices of cowpea[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):964-969.
[12]李清明,刘彬彬,邹志荣.CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):963-971.Li Q M,Liu B B,Zou Z R.Effects of doubled CO2concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under drought stresses[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(5):963-971.
[13]赵天宏,王美玉,张巍巍,等.大气CO2浓度升高对植物光合作用的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(5):1096-1100.Zhao T H,Wang M Y,Zhang W W,et al.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2concentration on plant photosynthesis[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(5):1096-1100.
[14]林伟宏.植物光合作用对大气CO2浓度升高的反应[J].生态学报,1998,18(5):529-538.Lin W H.Responses of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(5):529-538.
[15]张丽红,宋阳,张之为,等.长期增施CO2条件下黄瓜叶片淀粉积累对光合作用的影响[J].园艺学报,2015,42(7):1321-1328.Zhang L H,Song Y,Zhang Z W,et al.Effects of the starch accumulation on photosynthesis of cucumber leaves under long term elevated CO2condition[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(7):1321-1328.
[16]张振贤,程智慧.高级蔬菜生理学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2008:28-34.Zhang Z X,Cheng Z H.Advanced physiology of vegetables[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2008:28-34.
[17] Kimball B A,Kobayashik,Bindim.Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2enrichment[J].The Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(10):1323-1338.
[18]蒋高明,韩兴国,林光辉.大气CO2浓度升高对植物的直接影响:国外十余年来模拟实验研究之主要手段及基本结论[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(6):489-502.Jiang G M,Han X G,Lin G H.Response of plant growth to elevated[CO2]:a review on the chief methods and basic conclusions based on experiments in the external countries in past decade[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1997,21(6):489-502.
[19] Drake B G,Gonzalez-Meler M A,Long S P.More efficient plants:a consequence of rising atmospheric CO2[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1997,48:609-639.
[20]张道允,许大全.植物光合作用对CO2浓度增高的适应机制[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2007,33(6):463-470.Zhang D Y,Xu D Q.The mechanisms of plant photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 concentration[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2007,33(6):463-470.
[21] Morales A,Ortega D M L,Molina G J,et al.Importance of Rubisco aetivase in maize productivity based on mass selection procedure[J].J Exp Botany,1999,50:823-829.
[22]马博,崔世茂,张之为,等.高温、CO2加富对温室嫁接黄瓜形态特征、净光合速率和Rubisco羧化酶活性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(3):32-39.Ma B,Cui S M,Zhang Z W,et al.Effect of high temperature and elevated CO2 on morphological features,net photosynthetic rate and RUBP case activity of grafted cucumber in greenhouse[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2013,34(3):32-39.
[2]王红玉,曲英华,周士力,等.CO2增施与养分交互作用对日光温室番茄生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(S1):182-188.Wang H Y,Qu Y H,Zhou S L,et al.Interactive effect of CO2enrichment and nutrient on growth of tomato in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,45(S1):182-188.
[3]郑伟,钟志海,杨梓,等.大气CO2增加对不同生长光强下龙须菜光合生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(24):7293-7299.Zheng W,Zhong Z H,Yang Z,et al.Effects of elevated CO2concentration on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis grown under different light levels[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(24):7293-7299.
[4]周士力,曲英华,王红玉,等.不同水分条件下增施CO2对日光温室内番茄生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(S1):175-181.Zhou S L,Qu Y H,Wang H Y,et al.Effect of CO2enrichments under different water conditions on growth of tomato in heliogreenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,45(S1):175-181.
[5]侯新村,牟洪香,高东升,等.设施桃树CO2施肥过程中的光合适应现象[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(9):2553-2554,2557.Hou X C,Mou H X,Gao D S,et al.Photosynthetic acclimation of peach tree during CO2 enrichment[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2007,35(9):2553-2554,2557.
[6] Gunderson C A,Wullsch Leger S D.Photosynthetic acclimation in trees to rising atmospheric CO2:a broader perspective[J].Photosynthesis Res,1994,39:369-388.
[7]王建林,温学发,赵风华,等.CO2浓度倍增对8种作物叶片光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(5):438-446.Wang J L,Wen X F,Zhao F H,et al.Effects of doubled CO2concentration on leaf photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2012,36(5):438-446.
[8]欧英娟,彭晓春,董家华,等.CO2浓度升高对龙血树和春羽生长及光合生理的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013(11):2265-2272.Ou Y J,Peng X C,Dong J H,et al.Effect of elevated CO2concentration on the growth and photosynthetic physiology of Dracaena angustifolia and Philodenron selloum[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013(11):2265-2272.
[9]杨志刚,崔世茂,胡栓红,等.一种设施蔬菜使用的CO2施肥装置:中国,ZL201520523147.9[P].2015-11-25.Yang Z G,Cui S M,Hu S H,et al.A device of carbon dioxide fertilization in protected vegetable:China,ZL201520523147.9[P].2015-11-25.
[10]潘璐,刘杰才,李晓静,等.高温和加富CO2温室中黄瓜Rubisco活化酶与光合作用的关系[J].园艺学报,2014,41(8):1591-1600.Pan L,Liu J C,Li X J,et al.Correlation between Rubisco activase and photosynthesis of cucumber in greenhouse under high temperature and elevated CO2[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(8):1591-1600.
[11]林碧英,张瑜,林义章,等.不同CO2浓度对豇豆光合特性和若干生理生化指标的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):964-969.Lin B Y,Zhang Y,Lin Y Z,et al.Effects of CO2concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and physiological and biochemical indices of cowpea[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):964-969.
[12]李清明,刘彬彬,邹志荣.CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):963-971.Li Q M,Liu B B,Zou Z R.Effects of doubled CO2concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under drought stresses[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(5):963-971.
[13]赵天宏,王美玉,张巍巍,等.大气CO2浓度升高对植物光合作用的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(5):1096-1100.Zhao T H,Wang M Y,Zhang W W,et al.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2concentration on plant photosynthesis[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(5):1096-1100.
[14]林伟宏.植物光合作用对大气CO2浓度升高的反应[J].生态学报,1998,18(5):529-538.Lin W H.Responses of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(5):529-538.
[15]张丽红,宋阳,张之为,等.长期增施CO2条件下黄瓜叶片淀粉积累对光合作用的影响[J].园艺学报,2015,42(7):1321-1328.Zhang L H,Song Y,Zhang Z W,et al.Effects of the starch accumulation on photosynthesis of cucumber leaves under long term elevated CO2condition[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(7):1321-1328.
[16]张振贤,程智慧.高级蔬菜生理学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2008:28-34.Zhang Z X,Cheng Z H.Advanced physiology of vegetables[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2008:28-34.
[17] Kimball B A,Kobayashik,Bindim.Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2enrichment[J].The Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(10):1323-1338.
[18]蒋高明,韩兴国,林光辉.大气CO2浓度升高对植物的直接影响:国外十余年来模拟实验研究之主要手段及基本结论[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(6):489-502.Jiang G M,Han X G,Lin G H.Response of plant growth to elevated[CO2]:a review on the chief methods and basic conclusions based on experiments in the external countries in past decade[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1997,21(6):489-502.
[19] Drake B G,Gonzalez-Meler M A,Long S P.More efficient plants:a consequence of rising atmospheric CO2[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1997,48:609-639.
[20]张道允,许大全.植物光合作用对CO2浓度增高的适应机制[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2007,33(6):463-470.Zhang D Y,Xu D Q.The mechanisms of plant photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 concentration[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2007,33(6):463-470.
[21] Morales A,Ortega D M L,Molina G J,et al.Importance of Rubisco aetivase in maize productivity based on mass selection procedure[J].J Exp Botany,1999,50:823-829.
[22]马博,崔世茂,张之为,等.高温、CO2加富对温室嫁接黄瓜形态特征、净光合速率和Rubisco羧化酶活性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(3):32-39.Ma B,Cui S M,Zhang Z W,et al.Effect of high temperature and elevated CO2 on morphological features,net photosynthetic rate and RUBP case activity of grafted cucumber in greenhouse[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2013,34(3):32-39.