玉米秸秆纤维沥青混合料路用性能及机理分析
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摘要
为分析玉米秸秆纤维沥青混合料路用性能及纤维作用机理,首先采用高速剪切法对"除芯"的饱水玉米秸秆破碎处理,通过提取比例及吸油倍数指标优选得到纤维最佳制备工艺,并对其基本技术性能进行分析;然后分别评价无纤维、木质素纤维和玉米秸秆纤维沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性及高温抗剪性;最后应用红外光谱分析纤维与混合料的键合作用,利用扫描电镜从微观角度揭示两者之间的作用机理。结果表明:玉米秸秆纤维最佳制备工艺为长度10±2 mm秸秆皮浸泡4 h后,在29 000 r·min~(-1)转速下破碎2 min;玉米秸秆纤维、木质素纤维沥青混合料动稳定度均提升20%左右、弯拉应变均增加3.5%左右;木质素纤维、玉米秸秆纤维沥青混合料光谱图为纤维分别与沥青混合料光谱图的叠加,加入纤维后并没有产生表征新化合物出现的波峰,纤维与混合料主要依靠物理黏结作用结合在一起;玉米秸秆纤维表面更加粗糙、长径比更大、更容易分散均决定了其改善效果优于木质素纤维,纤维对沥青的吸附作用能够降低混合料的温度敏感性,纤维的无规则分布在混合料内形成三维网状结构,具有串联骨架功能,在沥青混合料初始开裂时起到拉伸作用,阻止裂缝进一步扩展。
To analyze the road performance and fiber mechanism of a corn straw fiber asphalt mixture, water-saturated and decored corn straw were broken using the high-speed shearing method. The optimum preparation process of the fiber was determined according to the extraction ratio and oil absorption, and its basic technical performance was analyzed. The high-temperature stability, water stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and high temperature shear resistance of asphalt, lignin fiber asphalt, and corn straw fiber asphalt mixtures were evaluated. Finally, the bonding action between the fiber and asphalt mixture was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and the bonding mechanism determined from the microcosmic angle. The optimum preparation process of corn straw fiber was as follows: 10±2 mm long straw skin soaked for 4 h, then broken for 2 min at 29 000 rpm. The dynamic stability of the corn straw fiber asphalt and lignin fiber asphalt mixtures increased by 20% and their flexural strains decreased by 3.5%. The spectral images of the lignin fiber asphalt and corn straw fiber asphalt mixtures are superpositions of the spectra of the two kinds of fibers and asphalt mixtures. After adding fiber, no wave peaks originating from newly generated compounds were observed. The fiber and asphalt stick together due to physical bonding. The improvement of the corn straw fiber properties was more significant than that of the lignin fiber, due to its rough surface, larger diameter ratio, and easier dispersion. The temperature sensitivity of the mixture was decreased by adsorption of the fiber on asphalt and the random fiber distribution formed a three-dimensional network structure in the mixture. The series of frameworks and their associated tensile effect prevented cracks from expanding further when initial cracking of asphalt mixture occurred.
To analyze the road performance and fiber mechanism of a corn straw fiber asphalt mixture, water-saturated and decored corn straw were broken using the high-speed shearing method. The optimum preparation process of the fiber was determined according to the extraction ratio and oil absorption, and its basic technical performance was analyzed. The high-temperature stability, water stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and high temperature shear resistance of asphalt, lignin fiber asphalt, and corn straw fiber asphalt mixtures were evaluated. Finally, the bonding action between the fiber and asphalt mixture was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and the bonding mechanism determined from the microcosmic angle. The optimum preparation process of corn straw fiber was as follows: 10±2 mm long straw skin soaked for 4 h, then broken for 2 min at 29 000 rpm. The dynamic stability of the corn straw fiber asphalt and lignin fiber asphalt mixtures increased by 20% and their flexural strains decreased by 3.5%. The spectral images of the lignin fiber asphalt and corn straw fiber asphalt mixtures are superpositions of the spectra of the two kinds of fibers and asphalt mixtures. After adding fiber, no wave peaks originating from newly generated compounds were observed. The fiber and asphalt stick together due to physical bonding. The improvement of the corn straw fiber properties was more significant than that of the lignin fiber, due to its rough surface, larger diameter ratio, and easier dispersion. The temperature sensitivity of the mixture was decreased by adsorption of the fiber on asphalt and the random fiber distribution formed a three-dimensional network structure in the mixture. The series of frameworks and their associated tensile effect prevented cracks from expanding further when initial cracking of asphalt mixture occurred.
引文
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[5] 郭乃胜,赵颖华.纤维沥青混凝土的粘弹性分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(5):37-40. GUO Nai-sheng, ZHAO Ying-hua. Viscoelastic Performance Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Concrete [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2007, 7 (5): 37-40.
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[7] 郎森.秸秆复合纤维材料路用性能试验及评价研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2011. LANG Sen. Experimental and Evaluation Study on Pavement Performance of Straw Fiber Composite Materials [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2011.
[8] 陈莉,刘玉森,刘冰,等.稻秸秆纤维的形态结构与性能[J].纺织学报,2015,36(1):6-10. CHEN Li, LIU Yu-sen, LIU Bing, et al. Morphological Structure and Properties of Rice-straw Fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2015, 36 (1): 6-10.
[9] 何勋,王德福.基于纤维形态特征分析的玉米秸秆皮拉伸特性[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):100-106. HE Xun, WANG De-fu. Tensile Property of Corn Stalk Rind Based on Analysis of Fiber-morphology [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31 (10): 100-106.
[10] OCHEPO J. Stabilization of Laterite Soil Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Sugarcanebagasse Ash for Pavement Construction [J]. Journal of Engineering Research, 2014, 2 (4): 1-13.
[11] PANDA M, SUCHISMITA A, GIRI J P. Utilization of Ripe Coconut Fiber in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixes [J]. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 2013, 2 (4): 289-302.
[12] COLARES DO VALE A, DAL TOé C M, SOARES J B. Behavior of Natural Fiber in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures Using Two Design Methods [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26 (3): 457-465.
[13] 李巍巍.棉秸秆纤维沥青混合料路用性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015. LI Wei-wei. Study on Performance of Asphalt Mixture with Cotton Stalk Fiber [D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2015.
[14] HASSAN H F, AL-ORAIMI S, TAHA R. Evaluation of Open-graded Friction Course Mixtures Containing Cellulose Fibers and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Polymer [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2005, 17 (4): 416-422.
[15] 高丹盈,黄春水,汤寄予.纤维沥青混合料最佳纤维掺量试验研究[J].公路,2009(2):146-151. GAO Dan-ying, HUANG Chun-shui, TANG Ji-yu. Experiment and Research on Optimal Fiber Content of Asphalt Mixture [J]. Highway, 2009 (2): 146-151.
[2] 陈华鑫,李宁利,胡长顺,等.纤维沥青混合料路用性能[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(2):3-8. CHEN Hua-xin, LI Ning-li, HU Chang-shun, et al. Mechanical Performance of Fibers-reinforced Asphalt Mixture [J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Natural Science Edition, 2004, 24 (2): 3-8.
[3] 张文刚,纪小平,宿秀丽,等.路用矿物纤维沥青混合料性能及增强机理研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2012,34(8):56-60. ZHANG Wen-gang, JI Xiao-ping, SU Xiu-li, et al. Study on Improvement Mechanism and Performance of Asphalt Mixture Adding with Mineral Fiber Used in Pavement [J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2012, 34 (8): 56-60.
[4] 汤文,盛晓军,孙立军.纤维沥青混合料的路用性能[J].建筑材料学报,2008,51(5):113-116. TANG Wen, SHENG Xiao-jun, SUN Li-jun. Pavement Performance of Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Mixture [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2008, 51 (5): 113-116.
[5] 郭乃胜,赵颖华.纤维沥青混凝土的粘弹性分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(5):37-40. GUO Nai-sheng, ZHAO Ying-hua. Viscoelastic Performance Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Concrete [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2007, 7 (5): 37-40.
[6] 姚占勇,张燕军.沥青混合料用纤维性能分析[J].山东大学学报:工学版,2008,38(4):69-74. YAO Zhan-yong, ZHANG Yan-jun. Performance Analysis on the Fibers of a Bituminous Concrete Mixture [J]. Journal of Shandong University: Engineering Science, 2008, 38 (4): 69-74.
[7] 郎森.秸秆复合纤维材料路用性能试验及评价研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2011. LANG Sen. Experimental and Evaluation Study on Pavement Performance of Straw Fiber Composite Materials [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2011.
[8] 陈莉,刘玉森,刘冰,等.稻秸秆纤维的形态结构与性能[J].纺织学报,2015,36(1):6-10. CHEN Li, LIU Yu-sen, LIU Bing, et al. Morphological Structure and Properties of Rice-straw Fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2015, 36 (1): 6-10.
[9] 何勋,王德福.基于纤维形态特征分析的玉米秸秆皮拉伸特性[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):100-106. HE Xun, WANG De-fu. Tensile Property of Corn Stalk Rind Based on Analysis of Fiber-morphology [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31 (10): 100-106.
[10] OCHEPO J. Stabilization of Laterite Soil Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Sugarcanebagasse Ash for Pavement Construction [J]. Journal of Engineering Research, 2014, 2 (4): 1-13.
[11] PANDA M, SUCHISMITA A, GIRI J P. Utilization of Ripe Coconut Fiber in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixes [J]. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 2013, 2 (4): 289-302.
[12] COLARES DO VALE A, DAL TOé C M, SOARES J B. Behavior of Natural Fiber in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures Using Two Design Methods [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26 (3): 457-465.
[13] 李巍巍.棉秸秆纤维沥青混合料路用性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015. LI Wei-wei. Study on Performance of Asphalt Mixture with Cotton Stalk Fiber [D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2015.
[14] HASSAN H F, AL-ORAIMI S, TAHA R. Evaluation of Open-graded Friction Course Mixtures Containing Cellulose Fibers and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Polymer [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2005, 17 (4): 416-422.
[15] 高丹盈,黄春水,汤寄予.纤维沥青混合料最佳纤维掺量试验研究[J].公路,2009(2):146-151. GAO Dan-ying, HUANG Chun-shui, TANG Ji-yu. Experiment and Research on Optimal Fiber Content of Asphalt Mixture [J]. Highway, 2009 (2): 146-151.