不同处理青贮甘蔗梢的品质评价及其在妊娠山羊的饲喂效果
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摘要
选择配种日期相近的健康妊娠山羊40只(妊娠80 d±3 d),随机分成4组,每组10只.各组精饲料相同,在51%的粗饲料中分别以青贮甘蔗梢替代0、1/3、2/3和3/3的青贮鲜食玉米秸,即全混合日粮中甘蔗梢的比例分别为0、17%、34%和51%,饲喂至产羔,比较添加发酵剂、尿素和单独青贮对"青皮果蔗"甘蔗梢感官指标和营养成分的影响,并研究不同比例青贮甘蔗梢替代青贮鲜食玉米秸的全混合日粮在妊娠后期山羊上的饲喂效果.结果表明:甘蔗梢单独青贮组和添加发酵剂青贮组的感官指标评分均优于添加尿素组,添加发酵剂对青贮品质的改善效果不明显;17%、34%和51%甘蔗梢组的妊娠母羊90~120 d日增重、羔羊初生窝重均显著高于青贮鲜食玉米秸组(P<0.05),且51%甘蔗梢组母羊的干物质采食量和羔羊初生重显著高于青贮鲜食玉米秸组;甘蔗梢组初生羔羊体尺指标有升高的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);各组母羊血浆生化指标及雌激素、催乳素、孕激素等生殖激素水平均无显著差异(P>0.05);随着甘蔗梢比例的增加,母羊初乳的乳蛋白含量升高,其中,51%甘蔗梢组显著升高(P<0.05).表明甘蔗梢适宜单独青贮,无需添加发酵剂或尿素,在山羊妊娠后期的饲粮中可以完全替代青贮鲜食玉米秸,并可在一定程度上改善羔羊初生指标和母羊初乳成分.
Feed utilization of sugarcane top is of great significance to promote the development of herbivorous husbandry in tropic and subtropics. Little was known about the application of sugarcane top in pregnant goats. To investigate nutrient value of sugarcane top by different modulation methods( adding ferment,urea and silage separately) and its effect on characteristic of newborn kidlets,hormones,serum biochemical indexes and colostrum components in goats at late period of gestation,nutritional composition and sensory indexes of different treatments were evaluated. Forty pregnant goats( from day 80 of pregnancy to delivery) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The goats in the control group were fed by total mixed ration with 49% concentrate and 51% roughage( corn straw silage). Corn straw silage in the other three groups were replaced by 1/3,2/3 and 3/3 sugarcane top silage,respectively. The goats were fed from day 80 of pregnancy to delivery. The results showed that: nutrient value and sensory indexes of sugarcane top silage separately and adding ferment were better than that of adding urea. The average daily dry matter intake,birth weight of 51% silage sugarcane top group is significantly higher than the control group. Average daily gain of 90-120 d and litter birth weight were significantly increased in all silage sugarcane top groups( P < 0. 05). No significant difference was found in body measurement of newborn kidlets,serum biochemical indexes and reproductive hormones( estrogens,progesterone,prolactin). With the rise in proportion of sugarcane top silage,content of colostrum protein increased,and the 51% sugarcane top silage group increased significantly( P<0.05). Thus,the better methods of sugarcane top are silage separately,and silage sugarcane top in late-gestation goat diets could promote prenatal development to some extent.
Feed utilization of sugarcane top is of great significance to promote the development of herbivorous husbandry in tropic and subtropics. Little was known about the application of sugarcane top in pregnant goats. To investigate nutrient value of sugarcane top by different modulation methods( adding ferment,urea and silage separately) and its effect on characteristic of newborn kidlets,hormones,serum biochemical indexes and colostrum components in goats at late period of gestation,nutritional composition and sensory indexes of different treatments were evaluated. Forty pregnant goats( from day 80 of pregnancy to delivery) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The goats in the control group were fed by total mixed ration with 49% concentrate and 51% roughage( corn straw silage). Corn straw silage in the other three groups were replaced by 1/3,2/3 and 3/3 sugarcane top silage,respectively. The goats were fed from day 80 of pregnancy to delivery. The results showed that: nutrient value and sensory indexes of sugarcane top silage separately and adding ferment were better than that of adding urea. The average daily dry matter intake,birth weight of 51% silage sugarcane top group is significantly higher than the control group. Average daily gain of 90-120 d and litter birth weight were significantly increased in all silage sugarcane top groups( P < 0. 05). No significant difference was found in body measurement of newborn kidlets,serum biochemical indexes and reproductive hormones( estrogens,progesterone,prolactin). With the rise in proportion of sugarcane top silage,content of colostrum protein increased,and the 51% sugarcane top silage group increased significantly( P<0.05). Thus,the better methods of sugarcane top are silage separately,and silage sugarcane top in late-gestation goat diets could promote prenatal development to some extent.
引文
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[10]黎庶凯,黄世洋,罗荣太,等.甘蔗秸秆饲喂山羊试验观察[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(3):44-46.
[11]孔祥浩,郭金双,朱晓萍,等.不同NDF水平肉羊日粮养分表观消化率研究[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):70-74.
[12]张立涛,李艳玲,王金文,等.不同中性洗涤纤维水平饲粮对肉羊生长性能和营养成分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(2):433-440.
[13]SALINAS-CHAVIRA J,ALMAGUER L J,AGUILERA-ACEVES C E,et al.Effect of substitution of sorghum stover with sugarcane top silage on ruminal dry matter degradability of diets and growth performance of feedlot hair lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,112(1-3):73-77.
[14]JOSIANE A L,IVANA L C G,CRISTINA MARIA P B,et al.Soybean silage and sugarcane tops silage on lamb performance[J].Ciencia Rural,2013,43(8):1 478-1 484.
[15]刘艳丰,唐淑珍,张文举,等.沙棘叶黄酮对阿勒泰羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(12):1 981-1 987.
[16]杨保奎,热合木塔依,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对奶牛产奶性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(1):89-94.
[17]张春艳,沈忠,周志权,等.波尔山羊羔羊生长发育规律研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(6):640-644.
[2]高雨飞,黎力之,欧阳克蕙,等.甘蔗梢作为饲料资源的开发与利用[J].饲料广角,2014(21):44-45.
[3]郑琛,李发弟,郭艳丽,等.向日葵秸秆与全株玉米混合青贮饲料品质评定[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):198-204.
[4]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[5]刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,等.青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准[J].饲料工业,1999,20(4):3-5.
[6]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[7]李静,高兰阳,沈益新.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4):86-90.
[8]肖慎华,原现军,董志浩,等.添加乳酸菌制剂和糖蜜对箭筈豌豆和苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(6):1 017-1 022.
[9]周雄,周璐丽,王定发,等.日粮中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代不同比例王草对海南黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1 443-1 448.
[10]黎庶凯,黄世洋,罗荣太,等.甘蔗秸秆饲喂山羊试验观察[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(3):44-46.
[11]孔祥浩,郭金双,朱晓萍,等.不同NDF水平肉羊日粮养分表观消化率研究[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):70-74.
[12]张立涛,李艳玲,王金文,等.不同中性洗涤纤维水平饲粮对肉羊生长性能和营养成分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(2):433-440.
[13]SALINAS-CHAVIRA J,ALMAGUER L J,AGUILERA-ACEVES C E,et al.Effect of substitution of sorghum stover with sugarcane top silage on ruminal dry matter degradability of diets and growth performance of feedlot hair lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,112(1-3):73-77.
[14]JOSIANE A L,IVANA L C G,CRISTINA MARIA P B,et al.Soybean silage and sugarcane tops silage on lamb performance[J].Ciencia Rural,2013,43(8):1 478-1 484.
[15]刘艳丰,唐淑珍,张文举,等.沙棘叶黄酮对阿勒泰羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(12):1 981-1 987.
[16]杨保奎,热合木塔依,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对奶牛产奶性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(1):89-94.
[17]张春艳,沈忠,周志权,等.波尔山羊羔羊生长发育规律研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(6):640-644.