N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
旨在研究日粮N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)不同添加水平对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。选取150只体重相近、健康的美国短毛黑水貂(Mustela vison)断奶幼龄貂,随机分为5组,每组30个重复(公母各半),每个重复1只,NCG于2016年6月8日开始添加,9月15日结束,添加水平分别为0%(A组)、0.02%(B组)、0.06%(C组)、0.10%(D组)、0.14%(E组),预试期为7d,正试期92d。于9月12日每组挑选10只(公母各半)体重相近、健康的水貂进行3d消化代谢试验。采用全收粪法收集粪便和尿液,测定日粮和粪便中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)的含量,计算营养物质表观消化率及氮代谢。并于9月15日上午,每组挑选6只水貂(公母各半),采用断趾采血法进行血液采集,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清中精氨酸(Arg)、一氧化氮(NO)、生长激素(GH)、总蛋白(TP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、补体蛋白3(C3)、补体蛋白4(C4)的含量。结果表明:1)日粮中添加NCG后,母貂的末体重和平均日增重均高于对照组,以B组最高,但各组差异不显著(P>0.05);公貂的末体重和平均日增重B组显著高于A、C、E组(P<0.05)。试验组母貂的料重比以B组最低,但各组差异不显著(P>0.05);公貂的料重比B组显著低于A、E组(P<0.05)。2)试验组水貂的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的消化率均高于对照组,但各组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)D组的氮沉积、B组的净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值高于A组,但各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验组水貂的Arg、NO、GH、TP、IgA、IgG、IgM、C3和C4水平均有极显著提高(P<0.01),以B组较好,而ALT和AST均极显著降低(P<0.01)。综合各项指标,育成期水貂饲粮中添加0.02%NCG可提高水貂平均日增重,降低料重比;提高水貂氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值;显著提高血清中精氨酸、生长激素、总蛋白和免疫球蛋白含量。
This study was conducted to study the effects of different dietary N-carbamoylglutamate(NCG)levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of growing minks.One hundred and fifty healthy weaned Black minks(Mustela vison)with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 30 replicates per group and one mink per replicate.These minks were fed with NCG supplementation lev-els of 0%(group A),0.02%(group B),0.06%(group C),0.10%(group D)and 0.14%(group E),respectively in the experimental diets,NCG was added from June 8 th to September15 th.The pre-trial lasted for 7 days and the trial for 92 days.From September 12 th,10 minks(5 male and 5 female)were selected from each group for digestion and metabolism test for3 days,muck method determination of feed and feces were conducted to measure the contents of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and crude fat(EE)and then to calculate the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism.On the morning of September 15 th,6 minks(3 male and3 female)were selected from each group.Blood was collected and the contents of arginine(Arg),nitric oxide(NO),growth hormone(GH),total protein(TP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),complement 3(C3),complement 4(C4)in serum were determined by ELISA.The results showed that:1)The final weight and average daily gains of female minks fed with NCG were all higher than the control group,that of female minks in group B were the highest,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05).These indicators of male minks in group B was significantly higher than group A,C and E(P<0.05).The feed/gain of female minks in group B was the lowest,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05),the feed/gain of male minks in group B was significantly lower than A and E groups(P<0.05).2)The digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and crude fat of minks fed with NCG were all higher than the control group,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05).3)There were no significant differences in nitrogen deposition,net protein utilizable rate and biological value of protein between different groups(P>0.05),but compared with group A,the nitrogen deposition of D group and the net protein utilizable rate,biological value of protein of B group were higher.4)Compared with group A,the levels of arginine,nitric oxide,growth hormone,total protein,IgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C4 in serum of minks fed with NCG extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and group B was all the best,the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).The results indicated that basal diet supplemented with 0.02% NCG could help the growing minks to gain the average daily weight,reduce the feed/gain,improve the nitrogen deposition,net protein utilizable rate and biological value of protein,and increase the levels of arginine,growth hormone,total protein and immunoglobulin in serum.
This study was conducted to study the effects of different dietary N-carbamoylglutamate(NCG)levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of growing minks.One hundred and fifty healthy weaned Black minks(Mustela vison)with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 30 replicates per group and one mink per replicate.These minks were fed with NCG supplementation lev-els of 0%(group A),0.02%(group B),0.06%(group C),0.10%(group D)and 0.14%(group E),respectively in the experimental diets,NCG was added from June 8 th to September15 th.The pre-trial lasted for 7 days and the trial for 92 days.From September 12 th,10 minks(5 male and 5 female)were selected from each group for digestion and metabolism test for3 days,muck method determination of feed and feces were conducted to measure the contents of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and crude fat(EE)and then to calculate the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism.On the morning of September 15 th,6 minks(3 male and3 female)were selected from each group.Blood was collected and the contents of arginine(Arg),nitric oxide(NO),growth hormone(GH),total protein(TP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),complement 3(C3),complement 4(C4)in serum were determined by ELISA.The results showed that:1)The final weight and average daily gains of female minks fed with NCG were all higher than the control group,that of female minks in group B were the highest,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05).These indicators of male minks in group B was significantly higher than group A,C and E(P<0.05).The feed/gain of female minks in group B was the lowest,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05),the feed/gain of male minks in group B was significantly lower than A and E groups(P<0.05).2)The digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and crude fat of minks fed with NCG were all higher than the control group,but the differences were not significant between different groups(P>0.05).3)There were no significant differences in nitrogen deposition,net protein utilizable rate and biological value of protein between different groups(P>0.05),but compared with group A,the nitrogen deposition of D group and the net protein utilizable rate,biological value of protein of B group were higher.4)Compared with group A,the levels of arginine,nitric oxide,growth hormone,total protein,IgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C4 in serum of minks fed with NCG extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and group B was all the best,the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).The results indicated that basal diet supplemented with 0.02% NCG could help the growing minks to gain the average daily weight,reduce the feed/gain,improve the nitrogen deposition,net protein utilizable rate and biological value of protein,and increase the levels of arginine,growth hormone,total protein and immunoglobulin in serum.
引文
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[2]刘凤菊,呙于明,王磊.1~3周龄雌性肉仔鸡精氨酸需要量[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(4):571-577.LIU F J,GUO Y M,WANG L.Arginine requirement for female broiler chicks ages from 1to 3weeks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(4):571-577.(in Chinese)
[3]范苗.添加不同水平的精氨酸对新生仔猪生长性能、免疫性能及胃肠道发育的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011:15.FAN M.Effects of L-arginine on the growth performance,immune performance and gastrointestinal development in neonatal pigs[D].Baoding:Hebei Argicultural University,2011:15.(in Chinese)
[4]GLEM-HANSEN N.水貂对蛋白质及氨基酸的需求[J].毛皮动物饲养,1995(1):52-54.GLEM-HANSEN N.Protein and amino acid requirements of minks[J].Journal of Economic Animal,1995(1):52-54.(in Chinese)
[5]WU G Y,BAZER F W,DAVIS T A,et al.Important roles for the arginine family of amino acids in swine nutrition and production[J].Livestock Sci,2007,112(1-2):8-22.
[6]曹洪战,陈楠,芦春莲.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对哺乳仔猪生长及内源精氨酸合成代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(11):1844-1850.CAO H Z,CHEN N,LU C L.Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on growth performance and the endogenous anabolism of arginine of suckling piglets[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2013,44(11):1844-1850.(in Chinese)
[7]汤智群,周佳栋,洪伟鸣,等.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸和精氨酸对京海黄鸡肉仔鸡生长性能和血液指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(5):1130-1136.TANG Z Q,ZHOU J D,HONG W M,et al.Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate and arginine on growth performance and blood parameters of Jinghai yellow broiler chicks[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2015,42(5):1130-1136.(in Chinese)
[8]卞宝国,李吕木,钱坤.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸的生物学功能及其在猪生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2014(1):12-14.BIAN B G,LI L M,QIAN K.Biological function of N-carbamylglutamate and application in pig production[J].China Feed,2014(1):12-14.(in Chinese)
[9]WU G Y,JAEGER L A,BAZER F W,et al.Arginine deficiency in preterm infants:biochemical mechanisms and nutritional implications[J].J Nutr Biochem,2004,15(8):442-451.
[10]谢植鑫,苏江伟,刘璐,等.精氨酸生素在猪营养中的研究与应用[J].饲料博览,2014(11):12-15.XIE Z X,SU J W,LIU L,et al.The research and application in nutrition of the pig in arginine activator additive[J].Feed Review,2014(11):12-15.(in Chinese)
[11]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[S].2nd rev ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1982.
[12]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and feed quality inspection technology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[13]岳隆耀,王春平,谯仕彦.日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对断奶仔猪生长的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2010(1):15-17.YUE L Y,WANG C P,QIAO S Y.Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on the growth performance in neonatal pigs[J].Feed Husbandry,2010(1):15-17.(in Chinese)
[14]王琤韡,瞿明仁,游金明,等.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及血清游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):1012-1018.WANG C W,QU M R,YOU J M,et al.Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum free amino acids of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(4):1012-1018.(in Chinese)
[15]王利华,李文立,马泽芳,等.水貂高效养殖关键技术有问必答[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:70.WANG L H,LI W L,MA Z F,et al.The questions and answers of efficient breeding of key technologies of minks[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2017:70.(in Chinese)
[16]FENG J,LIU X,XU Z R,et al.Effects of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042fermented soybean meal on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters in broilers[J].Animal Feed Sci Technol,2007,134(3-4):235-242.
[17]周笑犁,连国琦,孔祥峰,等.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对断奶环江香猪肠道微生物区系的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(2):263-267.ZHOU X L,LIAN G Q,KONG X F,et al.Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on intestinal microflora of weaned Huanjiang Mini-pigs[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2014,26(2):263-267.(in Chinese)
[18]王春平,岳龙耀.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)在养猪生产中的应用[J].中国动物保健,2014(12):68-70.WANG C P,YUE L Y.N-carbamylglutamate research progress in pig production[J].China Animal Health,2014(12):68-70.(in Chinese)
[19]王琤韡,王仁华.N-氨甲酰谷氨酸在仔猪生产中的研究应用进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2015(9):49-50,58.WANG C W,WANG R H.Application of N-carbamylglutamic acid in piglet production[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2015(9):49-50,58.(in Chinese)
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