不同铜源及铜水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同铜源及铜水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清指标的影响。试验选择55日龄健康蓝狐100只,随机分成5个组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只蓝狐。5组蓝狐分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、50、100 mg/kg(以铜计)的五水硫酸铜(CuSO_4·5H_2O)或蛋氨酸铜(Met-Cu)的试验饲粮,2种铜源共用0添加组为对照组。预试期为7 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮铜水平对育成期蓝狐平均日增重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对育成期蓝狐料重比有显著影响(P<0.05)。饲粮铜源对育成期蓝狐平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮铜水平对育成期蓝狐粗蛋白质消化率和粪铜含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),对干物质消化率、粗脂肪消化率有显著影响(P<0.05)。饲粮铜源对育成期蓝狐粪铜含量有显著影响(P<0.05),蛋氨酸铜组的粪铜含量显著低于硫酸铜组(P<0.05);饲粮铜源对育成期蓝狐干物质消化率、粗脂肪消化率、粗蛋白质消化率和氮沉积均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮铜源及铜水平对育成期蓝狐血清尿素氮含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),50、100 mg/kg铜添加组的血清尿素氮含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),蛋氨酸铜组的血清尿素氮含量极显著高于硫酸铜组(P<0.01)。饲粮铜源及铜水平对育成期蓝狐血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、铜、铁含量及天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,育成期蓝狐的饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铜可以获得与硫酸铜相似的促生长效果,此外,蛋氨酸铜的利用率更高,环境排放低,是蓝狐饲粮更高效、更环保的有机铜源。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary different copper sources and levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum indices of growing blue foxes. One hundred 55-day-old blue foxes were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate. Foxes were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0,50 and 100 mg/kg copper from copper sulphate(CuSO_4·5 H_2O) or copper methionine( Met-Cu),two copper sources shared the 0 supplemental group as the control group. The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days and the formal experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary copper level had significant effect on the average daily gain of growing blue foxes( P < 0. 01),and had significant effect on the ratio of feed to gain of growing blue foxes(P<0.05). Dietary copper source had no significant effects on the average daily feed intake,average daily gain and ratio of feed to gain of growing blue foxes( P > 0.05). 2) Dietary copper level had significant effects on the crude protein digestibility and fecal copper content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.01),and had significant effects on the dry matter digestibility and ether extract digestibility of growing blue foxes( P < 0.05). Dietary copper source had significant effect on the fecal copper content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.05),and the fecal copper content in copper methionine group was significantly higher than that in copper sulphate group( P <0.05). Dietary copper source had no significant effects on the dry matter digestibility,ether extract digestibility,crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention of growing blue foxes( P > 0. 05). 3) Dietary copper source and level had significant effect on the serum urea nitrogen content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.01),the serum urea nitrogen content in 50 and 100 mg/kg copper supplemental group was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0.01),and the serum urea nitrogen content in copper methionine group was significantly higher than that in copper sulphate group( P < 0.01). Dietary copper source and level had no significant effects on the contents of total protein,albumin,globulin,copper,iron and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum of growing blue foxes( P > 0.05). In conclusion,copper methionine has a similar growth-promoting effect like copper sulphate in the diet of growing blue foxes. Furthermore,copper methionine is more effective and lowenvironmental emission,which is a more efficient and environmentally organic copper source for the diet of blue foxes.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary different copper sources and levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum indices of growing blue foxes. One hundred 55-day-old blue foxes were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate. Foxes were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0,50 and 100 mg/kg copper from copper sulphate(CuSO_4·5 H_2O) or copper methionine( Met-Cu),two copper sources shared the 0 supplemental group as the control group. The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days and the formal experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary copper level had significant effect on the average daily gain of growing blue foxes( P < 0. 01),and had significant effect on the ratio of feed to gain of growing blue foxes(P<0.05). Dietary copper source had no significant effects on the average daily feed intake,average daily gain and ratio of feed to gain of growing blue foxes( P > 0.05). 2) Dietary copper level had significant effects on the crude protein digestibility and fecal copper content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.01),and had significant effects on the dry matter digestibility and ether extract digestibility of growing blue foxes( P < 0.05). Dietary copper source had significant effect on the fecal copper content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.05),and the fecal copper content in copper methionine group was significantly higher than that in copper sulphate group( P <0.05). Dietary copper source had no significant effects on the dry matter digestibility,ether extract digestibility,crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention of growing blue foxes( P > 0. 05). 3) Dietary copper source and level had significant effect on the serum urea nitrogen content of growing blue foxes( P < 0.01),the serum urea nitrogen content in 50 and 100 mg/kg copper supplemental group was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0.01),and the serum urea nitrogen content in copper methionine group was significantly higher than that in copper sulphate group( P < 0.01). Dietary copper source and level had no significant effects on the contents of total protein,albumin,globulin,copper,iron and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum of growing blue foxes( P > 0.05). In conclusion,copper methionine has a similar growth-promoting effect like copper sulphate in the diet of growing blue foxes. Furthermore,copper methionine is more effective and lowenvironmental emission,which is a more efficient and environmentally organic copper source for the diet of blue foxes.
引文
[1]NRC.Mineral tolerance of animals[M].2nd rev ed.W ashington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,2005.
[2]CROMWELL G L,STAHLY T S,MONEGUE H J.Effects of source and level of copper on perform ance and liver copper stores in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1989,67(11):2996-3002.
[3]刘志,张铁涛,郭强,等.饲粮铜水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1497-1503.
[4]段有刚,施杏芬,朱五文,等.猪饲料中添加高铜的危害及控制对策[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2006(8):91-92.
[5]徐运杰,方热军.养猪业中高铜的应用及其危害[J].饲料博览(技术版),2008(4):27-30.
[6]晏家友.有机铜在养猪生产中的研究应用[J].猪业科学,2011,28(3):72-73.
[7]何河,方热军,高凤仙,等.蛋氨酸铜对猪血清铜锌含量及粪铜锌排泄量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(3):44-47.
[8]邓伏清,廖阳华,王勇,等.不同铜源对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(2):42-44.
[9]吴学壮.水貂饲粮适宜铜源及铜水平研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[10]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[M].2nd rev ed.W ashington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,1982.
[11]耿业业.育成期蓝狐脂肪消化代谢规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[12]崔虎.日粮蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平对蓝狐生产性能及营养物质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[13]郭永佳,佟煜人.养狐实用新技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2008.
[14]白玉妍,张浩,叶纯子,等.蛋氨酸铜、蛋氨酸锌对乌苏里貉冬毛生长期体重及毛皮质量的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(13):113-114.
[15]李道林.铜源和铜水平对生长獭兔的生长性能、毛皮品质及理化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长春:中国人民解放军军需大学,2002.
[16]杜冰.添加高剂量铜和锌对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率和酶活性的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[17]LUO X G,DOVE C R.Effect of dietary copper and fat on nutrient utilization,digestive enzym e activities,and tissue m ineral levels in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1996,74(8):1888-1896.
[18]罗绪刚,邝霞,李清宏,等.饲粮铜源和水平对断奶仔猪垂体生长激素mRNA水平的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第六届全国会员代表大会暨第八届学术研讨会论文集.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2000:710-711.
[19]何河,方热军.高铜在猪生产中的应用及促生长机理研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2007(2):6-8.
[20]RADECKI S V,KU P K,BENNINK M R,et al.Effect of dietary copper on intestinal m ucosa enzym e activity,m orphology,and turnover rates in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(5):1424-1431.
[21]SHURSON G C,KU P K,WAXLER G L,et al.Physiological relationships betw een m icrobiological status and dietary copper levels in the pig[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1990,68(4):1061-1071.
[22]DOVE C R.The effect of copper level on nutrient utilization of w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73(1):166-171.
[23]KIRCHGESSNER M,BEYER M G,STEINHART H.Activation of pepsin(EC 3.4.4.1)by heavy-m etal ions including a contribution to the m ode of action of copper sulphate in pig nutrition[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,1976,36(1):15-22.
[24]TURNLUND J R.Bioavailability of dietary minerals to hum ans:the stable isotope approach[J].Critical Review s in Food Science and Nutrition,1991,30(4):387-396.
[25]HWANG D F,WANG L C,CHENG H M.Effect of taurine on toxicity of copper in rats[J].Food and Chem ical Toxicology,1998,36(3):239-244.
[26]SUGAWARA N,LI D,SUGAWARA C,et al.Response of hepatic function to hepatic copper deposition in rats fed a diet containing copper[J].Biological Trace Elem ent Research,1995,49(2/3):161-169.
[27]DANZEISEN R,ARAYA M,HARRISON B,et al.How reliable and robust are current biom arkers for copper status?[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,98(4):676-683.
[28]FENG J,MA W,GU Z,et al.Effects of dietary copper(Ⅱ)sulfate and copper proteinate on performance and blood indexes of copper status in grow ing pigs[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2007,120(1/2/3):171-178.
[2]CROMWELL G L,STAHLY T S,MONEGUE H J.Effects of source and level of copper on perform ance and liver copper stores in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1989,67(11):2996-3002.
[3]刘志,张铁涛,郭强,等.饲粮铜水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1497-1503.
[4]段有刚,施杏芬,朱五文,等.猪饲料中添加高铜的危害及控制对策[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2006(8):91-92.
[5]徐运杰,方热军.养猪业中高铜的应用及其危害[J].饲料博览(技术版),2008(4):27-30.
[6]晏家友.有机铜在养猪生产中的研究应用[J].猪业科学,2011,28(3):72-73.
[7]何河,方热军,高凤仙,等.蛋氨酸铜对猪血清铜锌含量及粪铜锌排泄量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(3):44-47.
[8]邓伏清,廖阳华,王勇,等.不同铜源对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(2):42-44.
[9]吴学壮.水貂饲粮适宜铜源及铜水平研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[10]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[M].2nd rev ed.W ashington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,1982.
[11]耿业业.育成期蓝狐脂肪消化代谢规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[12]崔虎.日粮蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平对蓝狐生产性能及营养物质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[13]郭永佳,佟煜人.养狐实用新技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2008.
[14]白玉妍,张浩,叶纯子,等.蛋氨酸铜、蛋氨酸锌对乌苏里貉冬毛生长期体重及毛皮质量的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(13):113-114.
[15]李道林.铜源和铜水平对生长獭兔的生长性能、毛皮品质及理化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长春:中国人民解放军军需大学,2002.
[16]杜冰.添加高剂量铜和锌对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率和酶活性的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[17]LUO X G,DOVE C R.Effect of dietary copper and fat on nutrient utilization,digestive enzym e activities,and tissue m ineral levels in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1996,74(8):1888-1896.
[18]罗绪刚,邝霞,李清宏,等.饲粮铜源和水平对断奶仔猪垂体生长激素mRNA水平的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第六届全国会员代表大会暨第八届学术研讨会论文集.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2000:710-711.
[19]何河,方热军.高铜在猪生产中的应用及促生长机理研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2007(2):6-8.
[20]RADECKI S V,KU P K,BENNINK M R,et al.Effect of dietary copper on intestinal m ucosa enzym e activity,m orphology,and turnover rates in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(5):1424-1431.
[21]SHURSON G C,KU P K,WAXLER G L,et al.Physiological relationships betw een m icrobiological status and dietary copper levels in the pig[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1990,68(4):1061-1071.
[22]DOVE C R.The effect of copper level on nutrient utilization of w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73(1):166-171.
[23]KIRCHGESSNER M,BEYER M G,STEINHART H.Activation of pepsin(EC 3.4.4.1)by heavy-m etal ions including a contribution to the m ode of action of copper sulphate in pig nutrition[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,1976,36(1):15-22.
[24]TURNLUND J R.Bioavailability of dietary minerals to hum ans:the stable isotope approach[J].Critical Review s in Food Science and Nutrition,1991,30(4):387-396.
[25]HWANG D F,WANG L C,CHENG H M.Effect of taurine on toxicity of copper in rats[J].Food and Chem ical Toxicology,1998,36(3):239-244.
[26]SUGAWARA N,LI D,SUGAWARA C,et al.Response of hepatic function to hepatic copper deposition in rats fed a diet containing copper[J].Biological Trace Elem ent Research,1995,49(2/3):161-169.
[27]DANZEISEN R,ARAYA M,HARRISON B,et al.How reliable and robust are current biom arkers for copper status?[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,98(4):676-683.
[28]FENG J,MA W,GU Z,et al.Effects of dietary copper(Ⅱ)sulfate and copper proteinate on performance and blood indexes of copper status in grow ing pigs[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2007,120(1/2/3):171-178.