日粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究当日粮钙磷比一定时,维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。随机选取(135±5)日龄、健康雄性水貂117只,分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,设3个维生素D水平,分别为2 300、4 300、6 300IU/kg;设3个钙水平,分别为2.0%、2.4%、2.8%,钙磷比固定为1.7∶1,配制9组试验日粮,分别为:Ⅰ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅱ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅲ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅳ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅴ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅵ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅶ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)、Ⅷ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)、Ⅸ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)。预试期13d,正试期60d。结果表明:(1)各组水貂料重比差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅱ组最低。钙水平对料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),维生素D水平对料重比有极显著影响(P<0.01)。(2)钙水平可极显著影响粗脂肪消化率(P<0.01),其中2.8%水平极显著低于2.0%和2.4%水平(P<0.01)。(3)日粮维生素D和钙水平对水貂氮代谢指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(4)各组水貂粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率均差异极显著(P<0.01),其中Ⅱ组钙消化率、磷消化率最高,Ⅲ组次之。钙水平可极显著影响粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率(P<0.01),2.0%水平可极显著降低粪钙、粪磷含量(P<0.01),极显著提高钙消化率及磷消化率(P<0.01)。维生素D水平对钙消化率影响显著(P<0.05),对粪磷、磷消化率影响极显著(P<0.01),2 300～4 300IU/kg维生素D水平有利于提高钙消化率、磷消化率,降低粪磷含量。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,日粮中钙磷比为1.7∶1,维生素D水平为2 300～4 300IU/kg、钙水平为2.0%时,冬毛期水貂料重比及钙、磷排放量较低,而粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率较高。
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisms of nitrogen,calcium and phosphorus of winter fur-growing mink at a fixed ratio of calcium to phosphorus.One hundred and seventeen healthy male minks at the age of(135±5)days were randomly divided into9 groups with 13 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.Nine experimental diets were formulated by using 3×3 double factorial experiment design.Dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was fixed at 1.7∶1,and three vitamin D levels were 2 300,4 300 and 6 300 IU/kg,respectively,while three calcium levels were 2.0%,2.4%and 2.8%,respectively.The levels of vitamin D and calcium in the 9 diets were 2 300 IU/kg and 2.0%(group Ⅰ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (group Ⅱ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (groupⅢ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(group Ⅳ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(groupⅤ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(groupⅥ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.8% (groupⅦ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.8%(groupⅧ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.8%(groupⅨ).The pretrial lasted for 13 days,and the formal trial lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:(1)There was a extremely significant difference of F/G in mink among groups(P<0.01),and that in groupⅡ was the lowest.The calcium levels had a significant effect on the F/G(P<0.05),while the vitamin D levels had an extremely significant effect on the F/G(P<0.01).(2)The calcium levels had an extremely significant effect on fat digestibility(P<0.01),and that of 2.8% calcium level was extremely significantly lower than 2.0% and 2.4% calcium levels(P<0.01).(2)The dietary levels of vitamin D and calcium had no significant effect on nitrogen metabolism indexes of mink(P>0.05).(4)There was an extremely significant difference in the fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,calcium digestibility and phosphorus digestibility of mink among the groups(P<0.01).The digestibility of calcium and phosphorus were the highest in groupⅡ,followed by groupⅢ.The calcium level had an extremely significant effect on fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus(P<0.01),and 2.0% calcium level extremely significantly decreased fecal calcium and fecal phosphorus contents(P<0.01),and increased calcium and phosphorus digestibilities(P<0.01).Vitamin D levels had a significant effect on calcium digestibility(P<0.05),and had an extremely significant effect on fecal phosphorus and phosphorus digestibility(P<0.01).Vitamin D levels of 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg could increase digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus,reduce the fecal phosphorus content.Comprehensive analysis of various indicators,when the dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was 1.7∶1,the vitamin D level was 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg,and the calcium level was 2.0%,minks during winter fur-growing period could get a lower F/G,calcium and phosphorus emissions,higher EE,calcium and phosphorus digestibility.
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisms of nitrogen,calcium and phosphorus of winter fur-growing mink at a fixed ratio of calcium to phosphorus.One hundred and seventeen healthy male minks at the age of(135±5)days were randomly divided into9 groups with 13 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.Nine experimental diets were formulated by using 3×3 double factorial experiment design.Dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was fixed at 1.7∶1,and three vitamin D levels were 2 300,4 300 and 6 300 IU/kg,respectively,while three calcium levels were 2.0%,2.4%and 2.8%,respectively.The levels of vitamin D and calcium in the 9 diets were 2 300 IU/kg and 2.0%(group Ⅰ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (group Ⅱ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (groupⅢ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(group Ⅳ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(groupⅤ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(groupⅥ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.8% (groupⅦ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.8%(groupⅧ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.8%(groupⅨ).The pretrial lasted for 13 days,and the formal trial lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:(1)There was a extremely significant difference of F/G in mink among groups(P<0.01),and that in groupⅡ was the lowest.The calcium levels had a significant effect on the F/G(P<0.05),while the vitamin D levels had an extremely significant effect on the F/G(P<0.01).(2)The calcium levels had an extremely significant effect on fat digestibility(P<0.01),and that of 2.8% calcium level was extremely significantly lower than 2.0% and 2.4% calcium levels(P<0.01).(2)The dietary levels of vitamin D and calcium had no significant effect on nitrogen metabolism indexes of mink(P>0.05).(4)There was an extremely significant difference in the fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,calcium digestibility and phosphorus digestibility of mink among the groups(P<0.01).The digestibility of calcium and phosphorus were the highest in groupⅡ,followed by groupⅢ.The calcium level had an extremely significant effect on fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus(P<0.01),and 2.0% calcium level extremely significantly decreased fecal calcium and fecal phosphorus contents(P<0.01),and increased calcium and phosphorus digestibilities(P<0.01).Vitamin D levels had a significant effect on calcium digestibility(P<0.05),and had an extremely significant effect on fecal phosphorus and phosphorus digestibility(P<0.01).Vitamin D levels of 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg could increase digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus,reduce the fecal phosphorus content.Comprehensive analysis of various indicators,when the dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was 1.7∶1,the vitamin D level was 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg,and the calcium level was 2.0%,minks during winter fur-growing period could get a lower F/G,calcium and phosphorus emissions,higher EE,calcium and phosphorus digestibility.
引文
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