饲粮维生素B_2添加水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、毛皮品质、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素B2添加水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、毛皮品质、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。选取(135±5)日龄、体重相近的健康雄性短毛黑水貂90只,随机分为6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只水貂。各组水貂分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组,对照组)、2.5(Ⅱ组)、5.0(Ⅲ组)、10.0(Ⅳ组)、20.0(Ⅴ组)、40.0 mg/kg(Ⅵ组)维生素B2的试验饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期63 d。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素B2添加水平对冬毛期水貂末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅴ和Ⅵ组水貂料重比极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),与Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)饲粮维生素B2添加水平对水貂毛皮品质评分和体长无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅴ组水貂绒毛长极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),Ⅳ和Ⅴ组水貂针毛长极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ组(P<0.01)。3)饲粮维生素B2添加水平对水貂干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)饲粮维生素B2添加水平对水貂食入氮、尿氮、粪氮和沉积氮无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅴ组水貂净蛋白质利用率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅴ和Ⅵ组水貂蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。综合以上指标,从提高生长性能和减少饲料成本角度考虑,冬毛期水貂饲粮中维生素B2适宜添加水平为2.5 mg/kg(饲粮中维生素B2实际含量为5.49 mg/kg)。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level on growth performance,fur quality,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of minks during winter furgrowing period.Ninety healthy short black male minks at(135±5) days of age with an similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.Minks in the 6groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0(group Ⅰ,control group),2.5(group Ⅱ) 、5.0(groupⅢ),10.0(group Ⅳ),20.0(group Ⅴ) and 40.0 mg/kg(group Ⅵ) vitamin B2,respectively.The adaptation period lasted for 5 days and the formal period lasted for 63 days.The results showed as follows:1) dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of minks(P>0.05).The feed to gain ratio of minks of groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01),and had no significant difference compared with groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ(P>0.05).2) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the fur quality score and body length of minks(P>0.05).The underwear length of minks of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.01),and the guard length of minks of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ(P<0.01).3) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the dry matter digestibility,protein digestibility and fat digestibility of minks(P>0.05).4) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the nitrogen intake,urine nitrogen,fecal nitrogen and nitrogen deposition of minks(P>0.05).The net protein utilization of minks of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the biological value of protein of minks of groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05).Considering all indices,considered the perspective of improving growth performance and reducing feed costs,the optimal dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level is 2.5 mg/kg(dietary vitamin B2 actual content is 5.49 mg/kg).
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level on growth performance,fur quality,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of minks during winter furgrowing period.Ninety healthy short black male minks at(135±5) days of age with an similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.Minks in the 6groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0(group Ⅰ,control group),2.5(group Ⅱ) 、5.0(groupⅢ),10.0(group Ⅳ),20.0(group Ⅴ) and 40.0 mg/kg(group Ⅵ) vitamin B2,respectively.The adaptation period lasted for 5 days and the formal period lasted for 63 days.The results showed as follows:1) dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of minks(P>0.05).The feed to gain ratio of minks of groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01),and had no significant difference compared with groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ(P>0.05).2) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the fur quality score and body length of minks(P>0.05).The underwear length of minks of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.01),and the guard length of minks of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ(P<0.01).3) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the dry matter digestibility,protein digestibility and fat digestibility of minks(P>0.05).4) Dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level had no significant effects on the nitrogen intake,urine nitrogen,fecal nitrogen and nitrogen deposition of minks(P>0.05).The net protein utilization of minks of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the biological value of protein of minks of groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05).Considering all indices,considered the perspective of improving growth performance and reducing feed costs,the optimal dietary vitamin B2 supplemental level is 2.5 mg/kg(dietary vitamin B2 actual content is 5.49 mg/kg).
引文
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[3]唐静,侯水生,谢明,等.1~14日龄北京鸭核黄素需要量的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(24):17-19,23.
[4]王鑫,王宝维,葛文华,等.维生素B2对5~16周龄五龙鹅屠宰性能、肌肉品质及脂肪代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):98-105.
[5]陈雷,安军,郭海燕,等.硒、维生素B2对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2含量的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(17):38-40.
[6]陈俊宏,何雪曼,邓海峰,等.12月龄伊犁马对维生素B1和维生素B2的需要量[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):118-126.
[7]王雯慧,高齐瑜.雏鸡核黄素缺乏症的病理学研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(5):468-473.
[8]HELGEBOSTAND A.核黄素缺乏能使水貂发生死胎[J].徐濂,译.特产科学实验,1981(3):45-47.
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[10]张海华,张铁涛,刘晓颖,等.不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3248-3255.
[11]张铁涛,孙皓然,杨雅涵,等.不同蛋白质和脂肪水平颗粒料对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢和毛皮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3602-3610.
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[15]梁东.FGF5基因对水貂毛长性状的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[16]全国皮革标准化技术委员会.QB/T 4203—2011水貂毛皮[S].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.
[17]ZEHRA S,KHAN MA.Dietary riboflavin requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus(Bloch)based on grow th,conversion efficiencies,protein retention,liver riboflavin storage,RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(1):269-276.
[18]BHMER B M,ROTH-MAIER D A.Effects of highlevel dietary B-vitamins on performance,body composition and tissue vitamin contents of growing/finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(1/2):6-10.
[19]阮栋,蒋守群,周桂莲,等.饲粮维生素B2水平对22~42和43~63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血清抗氧化指标、肝脏酶活和胴体品质的影响[C]//第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2010:1.
[20]樊燕燕,孙伟丽,王卓,等.半胱胺对冬毛期雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3337-3345.
[21]郭天芬,高雅琴,牛春娥,等.影响毛皮品质的主要因素分析[J].经济动物学报,2008(1):42-45.
[22]郑琛.日粮核黄素水平对生长獭兔生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[23]REIS P J.Effects of amino acids on the growth and properties of wool[M]//BLACK J L,REIS P J.Physiological and Environmental Limitations to Wool Grow th.New South Wales:University of New England Publications Unit,1979:223-242.
[24]唐淑珍.高温季节核黄素对肉仔鸡生产性能、脂肪代谢及免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.石河子:石河子大学,2007.
[25]唐静.核黄素对北京鸭生长发育和脂肪代谢的影响及其调控机制[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[26]AHMED I,KHAN MA.Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala(Hamilton)[J].Aquaculture,2004,235(1/2/3/4):499-511.
[27]王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.生物化学[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[2]MANTHEY K C,RODRIGUEZ-MELENDEZ R,HOI J T,et al.Riboflavin deficiency causes protein and DNA damage in HepG2 cells,triggering arrest in G1phase of the cell cycle[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2006,17(4):250-256.
[3]唐静,侯水生,谢明,等.1~14日龄北京鸭核黄素需要量的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(24):17-19,23.
[4]王鑫,王宝维,葛文华,等.维生素B2对5~16周龄五龙鹅屠宰性能、肌肉品质及脂肪代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):98-105.
[5]陈雷,安军,郭海燕,等.硒、维生素B2对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2含量的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(17):38-40.
[6]陈俊宏,何雪曼,邓海峰,等.12月龄伊犁马对维生素B1和维生素B2的需要量[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):118-126.
[7]王雯慧,高齐瑜.雏鸡核黄素缺乏症的病理学研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(5):468-473.
[8]HELGEBOSTAND A.核黄素缺乏能使水貂发生死胎[J].徐濂,译.特产科学实验,1981(3):45-47.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[M].2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1982.
[10]张海华,张铁涛,刘晓颖,等.不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3248-3255.
[11]张铁涛,孙皓然,杨雅涵,等.不同蛋白质和脂肪水平颗粒料对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢和毛皮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3602-3610.
[12]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[13]全国饲料工业标准化技术委员会.GB/T 6436—2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[14]全国饲料工业标准化技术委员会.GB/T 6437—2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[15]梁东.FGF5基因对水貂毛长性状的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[16]全国皮革标准化技术委员会.QB/T 4203—2011水貂毛皮[S].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.
[17]ZEHRA S,KHAN MA.Dietary riboflavin requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus(Bloch)based on grow th,conversion efficiencies,protein retention,liver riboflavin storage,RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(1):269-276.
[18]BHMER B M,ROTH-MAIER D A.Effects of highlevel dietary B-vitamins on performance,body composition and tissue vitamin contents of growing/finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(1/2):6-10.
[19]阮栋,蒋守群,周桂莲,等.饲粮维生素B2水平对22~42和43~63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血清抗氧化指标、肝脏酶活和胴体品质的影响[C]//第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2010:1.
[20]樊燕燕,孙伟丽,王卓,等.半胱胺对冬毛期雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3337-3345.
[21]郭天芬,高雅琴,牛春娥,等.影响毛皮品质的主要因素分析[J].经济动物学报,2008(1):42-45.
[22]郑琛.日粮核黄素水平对生长獭兔生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[23]REIS P J.Effects of amino acids on the growth and properties of wool[M]//BLACK J L,REIS P J.Physiological and Environmental Limitations to Wool Grow th.New South Wales:University of New England Publications Unit,1979:223-242.
[24]唐淑珍.高温季节核黄素对肉仔鸡生产性能、脂肪代谢及免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.石河子:石河子大学,2007.
[25]唐静.核黄素对北京鸭生长发育和脂肪代谢的影响及其调控机制[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[26]AHMED I,KHAN MA.Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala(Hamilton)[J].Aquaculture,2004,235(1/2/3/4):499-511.
[27]王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.生物化学[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2002.