隧道-洞口滑坡体系受力特征及变形模式
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摘要
随着我国高速铁路在西部地区的大规模建设,隧道在线路中所占的比例越来越高,洞口隧道在滑坡作用下产生的病害越来越严重。然而,我国目前在隧道-洞口滑坡体系设计中没有可供参考的受力变形模式,因此本文以隧道-洞口滑坡为研究对象,通过对云南功东高速公路中隧道-滑坡工程实例的总结及工程地质模型的建立,对滑坡推力作用下的隧道变形模式进行研究,得到如下结论:(1)将隧道-洞口滑坡分为与滑面相交和下穿滑体两种模式,与滑面相交的隧道直接受到剩余滑坡推力的作用,而下穿滑体的隧道主要承受附加荷载的影响;(2)位于滑体内隧道承受围岩压力、滑坡推力和岩土抗力的作用,可将洞口有刚性支撑的隧道-滑坡结构简化为简支梁,无刚性支撑作用下的隧道-滑坡结构简化为悬臂梁;(3)下穿滑体隧道在附加荷载的影响下,拱部承受多余的压力而受到偏压作用,拱顶形成受拉区域,出现拉张裂缝。
With the large-scale construction of China's expressway in the western region,more and more tunnels were constructed,and the threat caused by landslide is becoming more and more serious in the tunnel.However,there is no stress and deformation model in the design of tunnel and landslide in the tunnel 's entrance at present. Taking tunnels in Gongdong Expressway in Yunnan Province,this paper studied the tunnel deformation mode under the effect of landslide thrust. The following conclusions are obtained:( 1) The system of tunnel and landslide in the tunnel's entrance is divided into two modes,that are intersecting the sliding surface and traversing the lower slide mass. The tunnel intersected with the sliding surface is directly affected by the residual landslide thrust,while the tunnel under the slide mass is mainly affected by the additional load.( 2) The tunnel in the slide mass bears the pressure of the surrounding rock,the residual landslide thrust and the resistance of rock and soil mass. The tunnel-landslide structure with rigid support at the entrance can be simplified as simply supported beam,and the structure without rigid support can be simplified as cantilever beam.( 3) Under the influence of additional load,the arch is subjected to bias action due to bearing excessive load,and the vault forms a tension region and appears tensile crack.
With the large-scale construction of China's expressway in the western region,more and more tunnels were constructed,and the threat caused by landslide is becoming more and more serious in the tunnel.However,there is no stress and deformation model in the design of tunnel and landslide in the tunnel 's entrance at present. Taking tunnels in Gongdong Expressway in Yunnan Province,this paper studied the tunnel deformation mode under the effect of landslide thrust. The following conclusions are obtained:( 1) The system of tunnel and landslide in the tunnel's entrance is divided into two modes,that are intersecting the sliding surface and traversing the lower slide mass. The tunnel intersected with the sliding surface is directly affected by the residual landslide thrust,while the tunnel under the slide mass is mainly affected by the additional load.( 2) The tunnel in the slide mass bears the pressure of the surrounding rock,the residual landslide thrust and the resistance of rock and soil mass. The tunnel-landslide structure with rigid support at the entrance can be simplified as simply supported beam,and the structure without rigid support can be simplified as cantilever beam.( 3) Under the influence of additional load,the arch is subjected to bias action due to bearing excessive load,and the vault forms a tension region and appears tensile crack.
引文
[1]周德培,毛坚强,张鲁新,等.隧道变形与坡体灾害相互关系及其预测模式[J].铁道学报,2002,24(1):81-86.ZHOU Depei,MAO Jianqiang,ZHANG Luxin,et al.The relationship between tunnel deformation and slope disaster and its prediction model[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(1):81-86.
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[3]马惠民.坡体病害与隧道变形问题[J].岩石力学与工程报,2003,22(增刊2):2719-2724.MA Huimin. Slope disease and tunnel deformation[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2719-2724.
[4]吴红刚,吴道勇,马惠民,等.隧道-滑坡体系类型和隧道变形模式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012(增刊2):3632-3642.WU Honggang,WU Daoyong,MA Huimin,et al.Study on the type of tunnel-landslide system and the deformation model of tunnel[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012(S2):3632-3642.
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[8]毛坚强,周德培.滑坡-隧道相互作用受力变形规律的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(4):371-376.MAO Jianqiang,ZHOU Depei. Study on the law of stress and deformation of landslide tunnel interaction[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2002,37(4):371-376.
[9]王俊伟,林超,吴洁,等.渭河隧道施工对上覆滑坡体扰动影响及施工控制技术研究[J].路基工程,2017(4):185-190.WANG Junwei,LIN Chao,WU Jie,et al. Influence of Weihe tunnel construction on overlying landslide and construction control technology research[J].Subgrade Engineering,2017(4):185-190.
[10]王玉龙,李德武.孙家崖偏压-滑坡隧道围岩变形和受力特征分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2014,33(4):98-104.WANG Yulong, LI Dewu. Sunjiaya landslide bias tunnel surrounding rock deformation characteristics and stress analysis[J]. Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014,33(4):98-104.
[11]陈小云,吴红刚,艾挥.正交体系下隧道与滑带相交力学模型与加固研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):73-78.CHEN Xiaoyun, WU Honggang, AI Hui. The mechanical model and reinforcement of the intersection of tunnel and sliding zone under orthogonal system[J]. Science and Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):73-78.
[12]许淑珍,董鹏.纵环向注浆联合支护技术在滑坡体黄土隧道中的应用[J].铁道标准设计,2011(2):103-106.XU Shuzhen, DONG Peng. The application of longitudinal grouting combined support technology in the Loess Tunnel of landslide body[J]. Railway Standard Design,2011(2):103-106.
[13]程建军,廖小平,王浩,等.滑(边)坡稳定性计算分析中的滑坡推力计算方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(增刊1):50-52.CHENG Jianjun,LIAO Xiaoping,WANG Hao,et al.Calculation method of landslide thrust in stability calculation and analysis of sliding(side slope)[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2007,18(S1):50-52.
[14]张靓.滑向及轴线斜交条件下滑坡与隧道结构相互作用研究[D].西南交通大学,2012.ZHANG Liang. Study on the interaction between landslide and tunnel structure under the condition of sliding and axis skew[D]. Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[15]铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范:TB10003—2005[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2016.Ministry of Railways. Code for design of railway tunnels:TB10003—2005[S]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2016.
[2]张鲁新,周德培.蠕动滑坡成因及隧道变形机理的分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):217-221.ZHANG Luxin,ZHOU Depei. Analysis of the causes of creep landslide and analysis of deformation mechanism of tunnel[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):217-221.
[3]马惠民.坡体病害与隧道变形问题[J].岩石力学与工程报,2003,22(增刊2):2719-2724.MA Huimin. Slope disease and tunnel deformation[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2719-2724.
[4]吴红刚,吴道勇,马惠民,等.隧道-滑坡体系类型和隧道变形模式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012(增刊2):3632-3642.WU Honggang,WU Daoyong,MA Huimin,et al.Study on the type of tunnel-landslide system and the deformation model of tunnel[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012(S2):3632-3642.
[5] SZAVITS NOSSAN V. Landslide induced by tunnel excavation[C]//Fourteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering.Hrvatska znanstvena bibliografijai MZOS-Svibor,1997.
[6]张丽萍,李毅.邱家焉隧道进口滑坡稳定性分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(10):2347-2349.ZHANG Liping,LI Yi. Stability analysis of imported landslide in Qiujiayan tunnel[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(10):2347-2349.
[7] KOIZUMI Y,Lee J, DATE K, et al. Numerical analysis of landslide behavior induced by tunnel excavational[C]//European Rock Mechanics Symposium. 2010.
[8]毛坚强,周德培.滑坡-隧道相互作用受力变形规律的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(4):371-376.MAO Jianqiang,ZHOU Depei. Study on the law of stress and deformation of landslide tunnel interaction[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2002,37(4):371-376.
[9]王俊伟,林超,吴洁,等.渭河隧道施工对上覆滑坡体扰动影响及施工控制技术研究[J].路基工程,2017(4):185-190.WANG Junwei,LIN Chao,WU Jie,et al. Influence of Weihe tunnel construction on overlying landslide and construction control technology research[J].Subgrade Engineering,2017(4):185-190.
[10]王玉龙,李德武.孙家崖偏压-滑坡隧道围岩变形和受力特征分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2014,33(4):98-104.WANG Yulong, LI Dewu. Sunjiaya landslide bias tunnel surrounding rock deformation characteristics and stress analysis[J]. Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014,33(4):98-104.
[11]陈小云,吴红刚,艾挥.正交体系下隧道与滑带相交力学模型与加固研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):73-78.CHEN Xiaoyun, WU Honggang, AI Hui. The mechanical model and reinforcement of the intersection of tunnel and sliding zone under orthogonal system[J]. Science and Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):73-78.
[12]许淑珍,董鹏.纵环向注浆联合支护技术在滑坡体黄土隧道中的应用[J].铁道标准设计,2011(2):103-106.XU Shuzhen, DONG Peng. The application of longitudinal grouting combined support technology in the Loess Tunnel of landslide body[J]. Railway Standard Design,2011(2):103-106.
[13]程建军,廖小平,王浩,等.滑(边)坡稳定性计算分析中的滑坡推力计算方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(增刊1):50-52.CHENG Jianjun,LIAO Xiaoping,WANG Hao,et al.Calculation method of landslide thrust in stability calculation and analysis of sliding(side slope)[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2007,18(S1):50-52.
[14]张靓.滑向及轴线斜交条件下滑坡与隧道结构相互作用研究[D].西南交通大学,2012.ZHANG Liang. Study on the interaction between landslide and tunnel structure under the condition of sliding and axis skew[D]. Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[15]铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范:TB10003—2005[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2016.Ministry of Railways. Code for design of railway tunnels:TB10003—2005[S]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2016.