三种替代冬虫夏草发酵菌粉的营养成分和活性成分的比较研究
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摘要
为评价三种替代冬虫夏草发酵菌粉的应用价值,对虫草头孢菌粉、蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌粉及虫草被孢菌粉的主要活性成分和营养成分进行了比较分析.结果表明:蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌粉总蛋白和粗纤维含量最高,虫草被孢菌粉碳水化合物含量最高;虫草头孢菌粉胞苷含量最高,3个发酵菌粉中均未检出虫草素和肌苷;虫草被孢菌粉多糖中葡萄糖含量明显低于其他菌粉,虫草头孢菌粉多糖分子量最高,虫草被孢菌粉和蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌粉多糖的分子量差异不大.与文献报道的天然冬虫夏草的活性成分和营养成分进行比较,发现三种替代冬虫夏草发酵菌粉在腺苷、胞苷含量上均高于天然冬虫夏草.这些结果揭示三种替代冬虫夏草发酵菌粉在功效上有差异,并且三种菌粉在某些功效上要高于天然冬虫夏草.
In this paper,we investigated the main bioactive composition and nutritional components of the three fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis,Mortierella hepialid,Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4.The fermented power from Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4 had the highest total protein and crude fiber contents and the lowest carbohydrate content,while the fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis had the highest carbohydrate content and the lowest total protein and crude fiber contents.Cytidine content in the fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis(9.88 mg/g)was the highest,while cytidine content in the fermented power from Mortierella hepialid(4.32 mg/g)was the lowest.Cordyceps and inosine in three fermented samples were not detected.Lactose content in the crude polysaccharide of fermented power from Mortierella hepialid was significantly lower than other two fermented power.The molecular weight of fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis is significantly higher than other fermented power.There was not obvious difference in the molecular weight between fermented power of Mortierella hepialid and fermented power of Paecilomyces hepialid.
In this paper,we investigated the main bioactive composition and nutritional components of the three fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis,Mortierella hepialid,Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4.The fermented power from Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4 had the highest total protein and crude fiber contents and the lowest carbohydrate content,while the fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis had the highest carbohydrate content and the lowest total protein and crude fiber contents.Cytidine content in the fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis(9.88 mg/g)was the highest,while cytidine content in the fermented power from Mortierella hepialid(4.32 mg/g)was the lowest.Cordyceps and inosine in three fermented samples were not detected.Lactose content in the crude polysaccharide of fermented power from Mortierella hepialid was significantly lower than other two fermented power.The molecular weight of fermented power from Cephalosporium sinensis is significantly higher than other fermented power.There was not obvious difference in the molecular weight between fermented power of Mortierella hepialid and fermented power of Paecilomyces hepialid.
引文
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[2]LI S P,ZHAO K J,JI Z N,et al.A polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps sinensis,a traditional Chinese medicine,protects PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury[J].Life Sciences,2003,73(19):2503-2513.
[3]KUO M C,CHANG C Y,CHENG T L,et al.Immunomodulatory effect of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultured Cordyceps sinensis:enhancement of cytokine synthesis,CD11b expression,and phagocytosis[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2007,75(4):769-775.
[4]NIE S,CUI S W,XIE M,et al.Bioactive polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis:Isolation,structure features and bioactivities[J].Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre,2013,1(1):38-52.
[5]PAN M M,ZHANG M H,NI H F,et al.Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway is involved in the effect of Cordyceps sinensis against renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomy rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2013,58:487-494.
[6]YAO X,MERAN S,FANG Y,et al.Cordyceps sinensis:In vitro anti-fibrotic bioactivity of natural and cultured preparations[J].Food hydrocolloids,2014,35:444-452.
[7]ZHANG X L,BI-CHENG L,AL-ASSAF S,et al.Cordyceps sinensis decreases TGF-β1 dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation and attenuates renal fibrosis[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):200-212.
[8]YANG F Q,GE L,YONG J W H,et al.Determination of nucleosides and nucleobases in different species of Cordyceps by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2009,50(3):307-314.
[9]LIU Y,WANG J,WANG W,et al.The chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Cordyceps sinensis[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2015.doi:10.1155/2015/575063.
[10]杨朝宽,侯淑彦,于港.宁心宝胶囊治疗心律失常[J].新药与临床,1990,3(5):279-279.
[11]孙红.宁心宝胶囊治疗多种心律失常临床观察[J].中国冶金工业医学杂志,2006,23(3):387-388.
[12]张小云,范建生.宁心宝胶囊治疗缓慢型心律失常[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2009,7(12):108.
[13]朱华丹.舒利迭联合金水宝胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床观察[J].大家健康,2014,8(5):139.
[14]戴勇,魏成功.金水宝胶囊合家庭氧疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生存质量的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010(7):206-209.
[15]洪如田.厄贝沙坦联合至灵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病疗效观察[J].中国现代医生,2008,46(36):96-97.
[16]刘达玉,戴玄,郑林用,等.美味红菇菌丝体培养及成分分析[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(1):198-200.
[17]HSU T H,SHIAO L H,HSIEH C,et al.A comparison of the chemical composition and bioactive ingredients of the Chinese medicinal mushroom DongChongXiaCao,its counterfeit and mimic,and fermented mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis[J].Food Chemistry,2002,78(4):463-469.
[18]赵雪梅,张辉,苏延友,等.泰山虫草菌丝体与天然冬虫夏草化学成分初步分析[J].中药材,2008,31(12):1828-1830.
[19]钟石,李有贵,陈诗,等.人工培养蛹虫草与冬虫夏草的主要活性成分比较[J].蚕业科学,2009,35(4):831-836.
[20]张萍,肖新月,李远科,等.5种发酵虫草制剂中核苷及碱基成分的分析[J].药物分析杂志,2009,29(6):889-893.
[21]肖远灿,胡风祖,董琦,等.青海玉树不同产地冬虫夏草中15种核苷类成分比较研究[J].中国药学杂志,2014,49(22):1983-1988.
[22]刘佩佩,缪小亮,尹鸿萍,等.蝙蝠蛾被孢霉多糖的分离纯化及理化性质[J].中国生化药物杂志,2012,33(2):152-155.
[23]YAN J K,WANG W Q,WU J Y.Recent advances in Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides:Mycelial fermentation,isolation,structure,and bioactivities:A review[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2014,6:33-47.
[24]LI S P,YANG F Q,TSIM K W K.Quality control of Cordyceps sinensis,a valued traditional Chinese medicine[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2006,41(5):1571-1584.
[25]Yu L,Zhao J,Li S P,et al.Quality evaluation of Cordyceps through simultaneous determination of eleven nucleosides and bases by RP-HPLC[J].Journal of Separation Science,2006,29(7):953-958.