砾石地层冻土热物理特性研究
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摘要
地铁建设中时有穿越富含砾石的地层,需使用冻结法施工,而砾石地层的热物理性质是冻结法设计的重要依据。为研究人工冻结砾石土热物理特性,通过自制试验仪器,开展了砾石土冻结温度、导热系数和容积热容量测定方法及其特性研究,并与黏土、粉土等典型土层进行对比分析。结果表明:砾石土冻结温度曲线变化符合常规变化规律,且冻结温度为-0. 21℃,高于黏土、粉土等;砾石土容积热容量与黏土、粉土等相近,随颗粒粒径增大,常温和冻结状态下土体容积热容量比值减小,其中砾石土的比值为1. 19;砾石土导热系数较大,冻结状态下达3. 89 W/(m·k),是常温状态下的1. 65倍,符合颗粒粒径对导热系数的影响规律。砾石土导热系数可按各组成物质的导热系数及其相应的体积比推算。
Artificial freezing method is widely used in metro construction which goes through some gravel sections. The physical properties of gravel layers are the key basis for the design of the freezing method,and researches on thermal physical properties of artificial frozen gravel layers are lacking. To examine the thermal physical properties of artificial frozen gravel layers,a study of the freezing temperature,thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of gravel layers was carried out with instrument developed at home. The physical properties of gravel layers were compared with those of clay,silt,etc. The results indicate that the freezing temperature change of gravel is in line with the typical change role and the freezing temperature of gravel is-0. 21 ℃,which is higher than that of clay and silt. The volumetric heat capacity of gravel is close to that of other soils. The ratio of volumetric heat capacity reduces with the increasing particle size in two situations( freezing and room temperature). The ratio of volumetric heat capacity of gravel is 1. 19. The thermal conductivity of gravel is more than that of other soils titled in this paper. The thermal conductivity of gravel is3. 89 W/( m·k) in the freezing situation,which is 1. 65 times the room temperature. The thermal conductivity of gravel is in line with the role that a bigger particle size causes a bigger thermal conductivity and can be calculated by the thermal conductivity of materials.
Artificial freezing method is widely used in metro construction which goes through some gravel sections. The physical properties of gravel layers are the key basis for the design of the freezing method,and researches on thermal physical properties of artificial frozen gravel layers are lacking. To examine the thermal physical properties of artificial frozen gravel layers,a study of the freezing temperature,thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of gravel layers was carried out with instrument developed at home. The physical properties of gravel layers were compared with those of clay,silt,etc. The results indicate that the freezing temperature change of gravel is in line with the typical change role and the freezing temperature of gravel is-0. 21 ℃,which is higher than that of clay and silt. The volumetric heat capacity of gravel is close to that of other soils. The ratio of volumetric heat capacity reduces with the increasing particle size in two situations( freezing and room temperature). The ratio of volumetric heat capacity of gravel is 1. 19. The thermal conductivity of gravel is more than that of other soils titled in this paper. The thermal conductivity of gravel is3. 89 W/( m·k) in the freezing situation,which is 1. 65 times the room temperature. The thermal conductivity of gravel is in line with the role that a bigger particle size causes a bigger thermal conductivity and can be calculated by the thermal conductivity of materials.
引文
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[2]张婷,杨平.不同因素对浅层土导热系数的影响[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(6):1233-1238.[ZHANG T, YANG P. Effect of different factors on the heat conduction coefficient of shallow top soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(6):1233-1238.(in Chinese)]
[3]杨国清,杨平,何文龙,等.海相人工冻土热物理特性试验研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):170-176.[YANG G Q,YANG P,HE W L, et al. Experiment study of thermal physical properties of marine artificial frozen soil[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(1):170-176.(in Chinese)]
[4]王许诺,杨平,彭玉龙.水泥土冻结温度及热物理参数试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2012,34(6):96-100.[WANG X N,YANG P,PENG Y L.Test research to freezing point and the thermal physical parameters of freezing cement soil[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2012,34(6):96-100.(in Chinese)]
[5]姚兆明.人工冻土温度场影响因素灵敏度分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(3):38-40.[YAO Z M. The sensitivity analysis of factors affecting the temperature field developed in artificial freezing soils[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(3):38-40.(in Chinese)]
[6]阮传侠,冯树友,牟双喜,等.天津地区地层热物性特征及影响因素分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(5):158-163.[RUAN C X,FENG S Y,MOU S X,et al. An analysis of the characteristics of thermal physical properties and their influencing factors in the Tianjin area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(5):158-163.(in Chinese)]
[7]周家作,谭龙,韦昌富,等.土的冻结温度与过冷温度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(3):777-785.[ZHOU J Z, TAN L, WEI C F, et al.Experimental research on freezing temperature and super-cooling temperature of soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(3):777-785.(in Chinese)]
[8]吴镇,岳祖润,王天亮.哈齐客专细圆砾土冻结温度测试分析[J].石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版),2013,26(1):37-40.[WU Z,YUE Z R,WANG T L. Test analysis on freezing temperature of fine round gravel soil in Harbin-Qiqihaer railway[J].Journal of Shujiazhaung Tiedao University(Natural Science),2013,26(1):37-40.(in Chinese)]
[9] GB/T50123—1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.[GB/T50123—1999Standard for soil test method[S]. Beijing:China Plans Publishing House,1999.(in Chinese)]
[10]贺俊,杨平,何文龙.苏州地铁典型土层冻土力学特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,39(5):72-76.[HE J,YANG P, HE W L. Mechanical behavior research of typical frozen soil clay in Suzhou subway[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,39(5):72-76.(in Chinese)]
[11]孙谷雨,杨平,刘贯荣.南京地区冻结粉质粘土邓肯-张模型参数试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):2990-2995.[SUN G Y,YANG P, LIU G R. Experimental test on constitutive relationship of Nanjing frozen silty clay considering Duncan-chang model[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):2990-2995.(in Chinese)]
[12]徐学祖,王佳澄,张立新.冻土物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:82-84.[XU X Z,WANG J C,ZHANG L X. Physics of frozen soil[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2001:82-84.(in Chinese)]