张家口2018年1月21—22日寒潮灾害天气分析
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摘要
针对2018年1月21—22日张家口出现的寒潮天气过程,详细分析了前期气候背景和天气演变过程中500 h Pa与850 h Pa形势变化,以及地面冷高压变化。结果表明:该次寒潮过程属于横槽转竖型;降温过程48 h的日平均气温降幅大于日最低气温的降幅,根本原因是降水造成下垫面相对湿度大以及夜间较多云量影响了辐射降温,从而减小了最低气温的降幅;700 h Pa垂直速度的大值下沉区加速了地面气温的急剧下降,是该次寒潮天气的关键所在。另外,本地经验指标的应用,再次证明了局地经验指标的可行性。
The cold wave weather process occurred in Zhangjiakou city from January 21 st to 22 nd, 2018 was studied in this paper. By analyzing the previous climatic backgrounds, weather conditions of 500 hPa and 850 hPa layers and evolutions of the surface cold high pressure,the results showed that, the cold wave process was triggered by the revising of the transverse trough. The decrease of daily mean temperature was greater than that of the lowest temperature.That was fundamentally caused by the increase of surface relative humidity in rainy days and heat preservation at cloudy nights. In addition, the sinking motions at 700 hPa layer accelerated the sharp decline of the surface temperature,which was the key to this cold wave process.Moreover, the experiential index was useful for local cold wave forecasts.
The cold wave weather process occurred in Zhangjiakou city from January 21 st to 22 nd, 2018 was studied in this paper. By analyzing the previous climatic backgrounds, weather conditions of 500 hPa and 850 hPa layers and evolutions of the surface cold high pressure,the results showed that, the cold wave process was triggered by the revising of the transverse trough. The decrease of daily mean temperature was greater than that of the lowest temperature.That was fundamentally caused by the increase of surface relative humidity in rainy days and heat preservation at cloudy nights. In addition, the sinking motions at 700 hPa layer accelerated the sharp decline of the surface temperature,which was the key to this cold wave process.Moreover, the experiential index was useful for local cold wave forecasts.
引文
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[3]王遵娅,丁一汇.近53年中国寒潮的变化特征及其可能原因[J].大气科学,2006,30(6):1068-1076.
[4]樊明,冯军,尚学军.“2001.4.9”寒潮天气形成过程分析[J].气象,2002,28(3):54-56.
[5]李向红,廖幕科,熊英明,等.影响广西的三次寒潮过程对比研究[J].气象科学,2011,31(2):228-235.
[6]王桂春,宋若宁.大连地区2009年12月29—30日寒潮天气过程分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(18):9620-9622.
[7]贾志奇,王淼,王新宁等.张家口一次降雪天气过程高空形势演变分析[J].农业灾害研究,2015,5(2):23-24,37.
[8]王新宁.张家口市2013年两次寒潮天气过程分析[J].农业灾害研究,2017,7(3):4-6,48.