水稻不同饱满度种子的外观和食味特性
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摘要
由于水稻种子的饱满度受水稻自身遗传基础和水稻灌浆期生长环境的双重影响。为了了解不同饱满度水稻种子对稻米食味特性的影响,本研究选用比重1.15,1.10,1.05的氯化钠溶液(简称为盐水)和比重为1的蒸馏水(依次设为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ共4个处理)对3个水稻品种进行了选种,清选后立即干燥,并对干燥后不同品种不同比重范围的12个试样进行了稻米外观和食味特性的测定。结果表明,水稻处理Ⅰ的比例占到接近50%或更高,处理Ⅱ的比例略低,而处理Ⅲ和Ⅳ所占比例较低。稻米外观中的整精米率、成分测定中的食味评分随着饱满度的降低呈现了减少趋势,而垩白米率和碎粒率呈现增加的趋势。处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ、Ⅳ间在崩解值和消减值方面的差异较为显著,而各处理间直链淀粉含量和最高粘度的变化并不明显。本研究有利于实际生产中精确把握不同品种的灌浆特性,选育灌浆结实好的品种,以便在稻米加工中进行准确的稻米品质分级,整体提高稻米的食味品质。
The plumpness of rice seeds is affected by the genetic basis of rice and the growth environment at the grain filling stage. In order to know the effects of rice seeds with different plumpness on the palatability of rice,three varieties of rice seeds were screened by the proportion of 1.15, 1.10, 1.10 saline solution and 1.00 distilled water(set Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ 4 treatments in turn), and the screened seeds were dried immediately after wash, Then,the appearance and palatability of 12 samples of different varieties and in different proportion ranges were determined. The results showed that the ratio of treatmentⅠwas close to 50% or higher, treatmentⅡwas slightly lower, while the proportions of treatment Ⅲ and Ⅳ were relatively low. The head rice rate in appearance and palatability score in ingredient decreased with the reduce of plumpness, but the rate of chalkiness and broken rice showed an increasing trend. The difference of disintegration value and elimination value between treatmentⅠ,Ⅱand treatmentⅢandⅣwas significant, but the change of amylose content and maximum viscosity between each treatment was not obvious. This study was beneficial to accurately grasp the grain filling characteristics of different varieties in actual production, and to select the good varieties with good grain filling in order to carry out accurate classification of rice quality in rice processing and to improve the food quality of rice as a whole.
The plumpness of rice seeds is affected by the genetic basis of rice and the growth environment at the grain filling stage. In order to know the effects of rice seeds with different plumpness on the palatability of rice,three varieties of rice seeds were screened by the proportion of 1.15, 1.10, 1.10 saline solution and 1.00 distilled water(set Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ 4 treatments in turn), and the screened seeds were dried immediately after wash, Then,the appearance and palatability of 12 samples of different varieties and in different proportion ranges were determined. The results showed that the ratio of treatmentⅠwas close to 50% or higher, treatmentⅡwas slightly lower, while the proportions of treatment Ⅲ and Ⅳ were relatively low. The head rice rate in appearance and palatability score in ingredient decreased with the reduce of plumpness, but the rate of chalkiness and broken rice showed an increasing trend. The difference of disintegration value and elimination value between treatmentⅠ,Ⅱand treatmentⅢandⅣwas significant, but the change of amylose content and maximum viscosity between each treatment was not obvious. This study was beneficial to accurately grasp the grain filling characteristics of different varieties in actual production, and to select the good varieties with good grain filling in order to carry out accurate classification of rice quality in rice processing and to improve the food quality of rice as a whole.
引文
Ahmed N.,Tetlow I.J.,Nawaz S.,Iqbal A.,Mubin M.,Nawaz UL.Rehman M.S,Butt A.,Lightfoot D.A.,and Maekawa M.2015,Effect of high temperature on grain filling period yield,amylose content and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in endosperm of basmati rice,J.Sci.Food Agr.,95(11):2237-2243
Arshad M.S.,Farooq M.,Asch F.,Krishna J.S.V.,Prasad P.V.V.and Siddique K.H.M.,2017,Thermal stress impacts reproductive development and grain yield in rice,Plant Physiol Bioch.,115:57-72
Bhat F.M.,and Riar C.S.,2017,Physicochemical,cooking,and textural characteristics of grains of different rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars of temperate region of India and their interrelationships,J.Texture Stud.,48(2):160-170
Cai H.L.,Wang L.D.,Sha H.J.,Liu H.L.,and Zhao H.W.,2016Effects of nitrogen fertilizing levels on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content of japonica rice in cold region under cold water stress at tillering stage,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(9):2486-2493(蔡宏亮,王力冬,沙汉景,刘化龙,赵宏伟,2016分蘖期冷水胁迫下施氮量对寒地粳稻氮代谢和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,35(9):2486-2493)
Cai Y.S.,Wang W.,Zhu Z.W.,Zhang Z.J.,Lang Y.Z.,and Zhu Q.S.,2006,Effects of water stress during grain-filling period on rice grain yield and its quality under different nitrogen levels,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),17(7):1201-1206(蔡一霞,王维,朱智伟张祖建,郎有忠,朱庆森,2006,结实期水分胁迫对不同氮肥水平下水稻产量及其品质的影响,应用生态学报,17(7):1201-1206)
Chen D.M.,Lin W.X.,Liang Y.Y.,Guo Y.C.,and Liang K.J.2005,Changes of key enzyme activities in rice cultivars with different photooxidation-tolerance during grain-filling stage in early and late seasons,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),16(12):2373-2378(陈冬梅,林文雄,梁义元,郭玉春,梁康迳,2005,早晚季不同耐光氧化特性水稻品种籽粒灌浆关键酶活性变化,应用生态学报,16(12):2373-2378)
Chen N.,Luo Y.K.,Zhu Z.W.,Zhang B.P.,Zheng Y.C.,and Xie L.H.,1997,Correlation between eating quality and physico-chemical properties of high grain quality rice,Zhongguo Shuidao Kexue(Chinese Journal of Rice Science),11(2):70-76(陈能,罗玉坤,朱智伟,张伯平,郑有川,谢黎红1997,优质食用稻米品质的理化指标与食味的相关性研究,中国水稻科学,11(2):70-76)
Chun A.,Lee H.J.,Hamaker B.R.,and Janaswamy S.,2015,Effects of ripening temperature on starch structure and gelatinization,pasting,and cooking properties in rice(Oryza sativa),J.Agr.Food Chem.,63(12):3085-3093
Jing L.,Wang J.,Shen S.,Wang Y.,Zhu J.,Wang Y.,and Yang L.,2016,The impact of elevated CO2and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions,J.Sci.Food Agr.,96(11):3658-3667
Kinoshita N.,Kato M.,Koyasaki K.,Kawashima T.,Nishimura T.,Hirayama Y.,Takamure I.,Sato T.,and Kato K.,2017,I-dentification of quantitative trait loci for rice grain quality and yield-related traits in two closely related Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica cultivars grown near the northernmost limit for rice paddy cultivation,Breeding Sci.,67(3):191-206
Liu E.,Liu X.,Zeng S.,Zhao K.,Zhu C.,Liu Y.,Breria M.C.,Zhang B.,and Hong D.,2015,Time-course association mapping of the grain-filling rate in rice(Oryza sativa L.),PLo SOne,10(3):e0119959
Liu J.,Zhang X.,Cui J.,Wang S.W.,Ding D.L.,Bian J.B.,Kusutani A.,and Yuji M.,2013,Studies on application of rice quality analyzer in rice palatability breeding,Zhongzi(Seed),32(10):15-20(刘建,张欣,崔晶,王松文,丁得亮,边嘉宾,楠谷彰人,松江勇次,2013,水稻品质分析仪在食味育种中的应用研究,种子,32(10):15-20)
Liu L.,Lai Y.,Cheng J.,Wang L.,Du W.,Wang Z.,and Zhang H.,2014,Dynamic quantitative trait locus analysis of seed vigor at three maturity stages in rice,PLo S one,9(12):e115732
Ma Z.H.,Cheng H.T.,Nitta Y.,Aoki N.,Chen Y.,Chen H.X.,Ohsugi R.,and Lyu W.Y.,2017,Differences in viscosity of superior and inferior spikelets of Japonica rice with various percentages of apparent amylose content,J.Agr.Food Chem.,65(21):4237-4246
Nakamura S.,Machida K.,and Ohtsubo K.,2012,Search for cell-wall-degrading enzymes of world-wide rice grains by PCR and their effects on the palatability of rice,Biosci.Biotech.Bioch.,76(9):1645-1654
Osugi A.,Itoh H.,Ikeda-Kawakatsu K.,Takano M.and Izawa T.,2011,Molecular dissection of the roles of phytochrome in photoperiodic flowering in rice,Plant Physiol.,157(3):1128-1137
Pei P.G.,Zhang J.H.,Zhu L.F.,Yu S.M.,Hu Z.H.,and Jin Q.Y.,2014,Effects of straw incorporation on rice carbon sequestration characteristics and grain yield formation,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),25(10):2885-2891(裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,禹盛苗,胡志华,金千瑜,2014,秸秆还田对水稻固碳特性及产量形成的影响,应用生态学报,25(10):2885-2891)
Pieters A.J.,and El Souki S.,2005,Effects of drought during grain filling on PSⅡactivity in rice,J.Plant Physiol.,162(8):903-911
Reuscher S.,Kolter A.,Hoffmann A.,Pillen K.,and Kramer U.2016,Quantitative trait loci and inter-organ partitioning for essential metal and toxic analogue accumulation in barley PLo S One,11(4):e153392
Rothenberg S.E.,Windham-Myers L.,and Creswell J.E.,2014Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:a comprehensive review,Environ.Res.,133(2):407-423
Shen B.,Zhuang J.Y.,Fan Y.Y.,Ying J.Z.,Yang J.,Sun L.X.Fei J.H.,and Zheng K.L.,2005,Genetic analysis of starch branching enzyme activity in rice grain,Zhiwu Shengli Yu Fenzi Shengwu Xuebao(Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology),31(6):631-636(沈波,庄杰云,樊叶杨应杰政,杨娟,孙利香,费冀慧,郑康乐,2005,水稻籽粒淀粉分支酶活性的遗传分析,植物生理与分子生物学报,31(6):631-636)
Shi W.,Yin X.,Struik P.C.,Solis C.,Xie F.,Schmidt R.C.Huang M.,Zou Y.,Ye C.,and Jagadish S.V.K.,2017,High day-and night-time temperatures affect grain growth dynamics in contrasting rice genotypes,J.Exp.Bot.,68(18)5233-5245
Sun M.M.,Abdula S.E.,Lee H.J.,Cho Y.C.,Han L.Z.,Koh H.J.and Cho Y.G.,2011,Molecular aspect of good eating quality formation in Japonica rice,PLo S One,6(4):e18385
Tian N.N.,Guo H.F.,Sheng H.,Sun Y.F.,and Liu J.,2016,Influence of different fertilization treatment on eating taste of rice variety Daohuaxiang,Zhongguo Daomi(China Rice),22(6):30-33(田南南,郭海峰,生华,孙跃飞,刘建,2016,不同施肥处理对“稻花香”食味的影响,中国稻米,22(6):30-33)
Wan X.Y.,Wan J.M.,Su C.C.,Wang C.M.,Shen W.B.,Li J.M.,Wang H.L.,Jiang L.,Liu S.J.,Chen L.M.,Yasui H.,and Yoshimura A.,2004,QTL detection for eating quality of cooked rice in a population of chromosome segment substitution lines,Theor.Appl.Genet.,110(1):71-79
Yuji M.,Koji O.,and Michikazu H.,1994,Differences in protein content,amylose content and palatability in relation to location of grains within rice panicle,Jpn.J.Crop Sci.,63(2):271-277
Zhang H.,Yu C.,Hou D.P.,Liu H.L.,Zhang H.T.,Tao R.R.,Cai H.,Gu J.F.,Liu L.J.,Zhang Z.J.,Wang Z.Q.,and Yang J.C.,2018,Changes in mineral elements and starch quality of grains during the improvement of japonica rice cultivars,J.Sci.Food and Agr.,98(1):122-133
Zhang L.W.,Huang J.F.,Guo R.F.,Li X.X.,Sun W.B.,and Wang X.Z.,2013,Spatio-temporal reconstruction of air temperature maps and their application to estimate rice growing season heat accumulation using multi-temporal MODIS data,J.Zhejiang Univ.Sci.B.,14(2):144-161
Arshad M.S.,Farooq M.,Asch F.,Krishna J.S.V.,Prasad P.V.V.and Siddique K.H.M.,2017,Thermal stress impacts reproductive development and grain yield in rice,Plant Physiol Bioch.,115:57-72
Bhat F.M.,and Riar C.S.,2017,Physicochemical,cooking,and textural characteristics of grains of different rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars of temperate region of India and their interrelationships,J.Texture Stud.,48(2):160-170
Cai H.L.,Wang L.D.,Sha H.J.,Liu H.L.,and Zhao H.W.,2016Effects of nitrogen fertilizing levels on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content of japonica rice in cold region under cold water stress at tillering stage,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(9):2486-2493(蔡宏亮,王力冬,沙汉景,刘化龙,赵宏伟,2016分蘖期冷水胁迫下施氮量对寒地粳稻氮代谢和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,35(9):2486-2493)
Cai Y.S.,Wang W.,Zhu Z.W.,Zhang Z.J.,Lang Y.Z.,and Zhu Q.S.,2006,Effects of water stress during grain-filling period on rice grain yield and its quality under different nitrogen levels,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),17(7):1201-1206(蔡一霞,王维,朱智伟张祖建,郎有忠,朱庆森,2006,结实期水分胁迫对不同氮肥水平下水稻产量及其品质的影响,应用生态学报,17(7):1201-1206)
Chen D.M.,Lin W.X.,Liang Y.Y.,Guo Y.C.,and Liang K.J.2005,Changes of key enzyme activities in rice cultivars with different photooxidation-tolerance during grain-filling stage in early and late seasons,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),16(12):2373-2378(陈冬梅,林文雄,梁义元,郭玉春,梁康迳,2005,早晚季不同耐光氧化特性水稻品种籽粒灌浆关键酶活性变化,应用生态学报,16(12):2373-2378)
Chen N.,Luo Y.K.,Zhu Z.W.,Zhang B.P.,Zheng Y.C.,and Xie L.H.,1997,Correlation between eating quality and physico-chemical properties of high grain quality rice,Zhongguo Shuidao Kexue(Chinese Journal of Rice Science),11(2):70-76(陈能,罗玉坤,朱智伟,张伯平,郑有川,谢黎红1997,优质食用稻米品质的理化指标与食味的相关性研究,中国水稻科学,11(2):70-76)
Chun A.,Lee H.J.,Hamaker B.R.,and Janaswamy S.,2015,Effects of ripening temperature on starch structure and gelatinization,pasting,and cooking properties in rice(Oryza sativa),J.Agr.Food Chem.,63(12):3085-3093
Jing L.,Wang J.,Shen S.,Wang Y.,Zhu J.,Wang Y.,and Yang L.,2016,The impact of elevated CO2and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions,J.Sci.Food Agr.,96(11):3658-3667
Kinoshita N.,Kato M.,Koyasaki K.,Kawashima T.,Nishimura T.,Hirayama Y.,Takamure I.,Sato T.,and Kato K.,2017,I-dentification of quantitative trait loci for rice grain quality and yield-related traits in two closely related Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica cultivars grown near the northernmost limit for rice paddy cultivation,Breeding Sci.,67(3):191-206
Liu E.,Liu X.,Zeng S.,Zhao K.,Zhu C.,Liu Y.,Breria M.C.,Zhang B.,and Hong D.,2015,Time-course association mapping of the grain-filling rate in rice(Oryza sativa L.),PLo SOne,10(3):e0119959
Liu J.,Zhang X.,Cui J.,Wang S.W.,Ding D.L.,Bian J.B.,Kusutani A.,and Yuji M.,2013,Studies on application of rice quality analyzer in rice palatability breeding,Zhongzi(Seed),32(10):15-20(刘建,张欣,崔晶,王松文,丁得亮,边嘉宾,楠谷彰人,松江勇次,2013,水稻品质分析仪在食味育种中的应用研究,种子,32(10):15-20)
Liu L.,Lai Y.,Cheng J.,Wang L.,Du W.,Wang Z.,and Zhang H.,2014,Dynamic quantitative trait locus analysis of seed vigor at three maturity stages in rice,PLo S one,9(12):e115732
Ma Z.H.,Cheng H.T.,Nitta Y.,Aoki N.,Chen Y.,Chen H.X.,Ohsugi R.,and Lyu W.Y.,2017,Differences in viscosity of superior and inferior spikelets of Japonica rice with various percentages of apparent amylose content,J.Agr.Food Chem.,65(21):4237-4246
Nakamura S.,Machida K.,and Ohtsubo K.,2012,Search for cell-wall-degrading enzymes of world-wide rice grains by PCR and their effects on the palatability of rice,Biosci.Biotech.Bioch.,76(9):1645-1654
Osugi A.,Itoh H.,Ikeda-Kawakatsu K.,Takano M.and Izawa T.,2011,Molecular dissection of the roles of phytochrome in photoperiodic flowering in rice,Plant Physiol.,157(3):1128-1137
Pei P.G.,Zhang J.H.,Zhu L.F.,Yu S.M.,Hu Z.H.,and Jin Q.Y.,2014,Effects of straw incorporation on rice carbon sequestration characteristics and grain yield formation,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),25(10):2885-2891(裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,禹盛苗,胡志华,金千瑜,2014,秸秆还田对水稻固碳特性及产量形成的影响,应用生态学报,25(10):2885-2891)
Pieters A.J.,and El Souki S.,2005,Effects of drought during grain filling on PSⅡactivity in rice,J.Plant Physiol.,162(8):903-911
Reuscher S.,Kolter A.,Hoffmann A.,Pillen K.,and Kramer U.2016,Quantitative trait loci and inter-organ partitioning for essential metal and toxic analogue accumulation in barley PLo S One,11(4):e153392
Rothenberg S.E.,Windham-Myers L.,and Creswell J.E.,2014Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:a comprehensive review,Environ.Res.,133(2):407-423
Shen B.,Zhuang J.Y.,Fan Y.Y.,Ying J.Z.,Yang J.,Sun L.X.Fei J.H.,and Zheng K.L.,2005,Genetic analysis of starch branching enzyme activity in rice grain,Zhiwu Shengli Yu Fenzi Shengwu Xuebao(Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology),31(6):631-636(沈波,庄杰云,樊叶杨应杰政,杨娟,孙利香,费冀慧,郑康乐,2005,水稻籽粒淀粉分支酶活性的遗传分析,植物生理与分子生物学报,31(6):631-636)
Shi W.,Yin X.,Struik P.C.,Solis C.,Xie F.,Schmidt R.C.Huang M.,Zou Y.,Ye C.,and Jagadish S.V.K.,2017,High day-and night-time temperatures affect grain growth dynamics in contrasting rice genotypes,J.Exp.Bot.,68(18)5233-5245
Sun M.M.,Abdula S.E.,Lee H.J.,Cho Y.C.,Han L.Z.,Koh H.J.and Cho Y.G.,2011,Molecular aspect of good eating quality formation in Japonica rice,PLo S One,6(4):e18385
Tian N.N.,Guo H.F.,Sheng H.,Sun Y.F.,and Liu J.,2016,Influence of different fertilization treatment on eating taste of rice variety Daohuaxiang,Zhongguo Daomi(China Rice),22(6):30-33(田南南,郭海峰,生华,孙跃飞,刘建,2016,不同施肥处理对“稻花香”食味的影响,中国稻米,22(6):30-33)
Wan X.Y.,Wan J.M.,Su C.C.,Wang C.M.,Shen W.B.,Li J.M.,Wang H.L.,Jiang L.,Liu S.J.,Chen L.M.,Yasui H.,and Yoshimura A.,2004,QTL detection for eating quality of cooked rice in a population of chromosome segment substitution lines,Theor.Appl.Genet.,110(1):71-79
Yuji M.,Koji O.,and Michikazu H.,1994,Differences in protein content,amylose content and palatability in relation to location of grains within rice panicle,Jpn.J.Crop Sci.,63(2):271-277
Zhang H.,Yu C.,Hou D.P.,Liu H.L.,Zhang H.T.,Tao R.R.,Cai H.,Gu J.F.,Liu L.J.,Zhang Z.J.,Wang Z.Q.,and Yang J.C.,2018,Changes in mineral elements and starch quality of grains during the improvement of japonica rice cultivars,J.Sci.Food and Agr.,98(1):122-133
Zhang L.W.,Huang J.F.,Guo R.F.,Li X.X.,Sun W.B.,and Wang X.Z.,2013,Spatio-temporal reconstruction of air temperature maps and their application to estimate rice growing season heat accumulation using multi-temporal MODIS data,J.Zhejiang Univ.Sci.B.,14(2):144-161