茬次和一天内不同收获时间对紫花苜蓿青贮发酵质量和体外发酵参数的影响
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摘要
为了研究茬次和一天内不同收获时间对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料品质的影响,并进一步评价其饲用价值,本试验采用双因素设计,两茬紫花苜蓿于现蕾期同一天08:00(AM),13:00(M)和18:00(PM)刈割并调制青贮饲料,室温下保存45d后,取样分析并采用体外发酵法评价其饲用价值。结果表明,第1茬紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的相对饲喂价值(relative feed value,RFV),干物质体外消化率(in vitro dry matter digestibility,IVDMD)及体外发酵挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)、产气量均显著高于第2茬(P<0.05)。下午收获的紫花苜蓿青贮饲料有更高的干物质(dry matter,DM)含量及IVDMD(P<0.05)。因此,在实践生产中,要抓好第1茬的苜蓿生产,推迟刈割时间至中午或下午,可获得更高品质的紫花苜蓿青贮饲料。
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different diurnal harvest times and clipping stubbles on alfalfa silage quality,furthermore,to evaluate its feeding value.Two-factors were designed in this study.Budding stage alfalfa was harvested twice at 08:00(AM),13:00(M)or 18:00(PM)on a sunny day.Silages were prepared using a laboratory scale system without wilting,and stored at ambient temperature for 45 days.Then the samples were collected and in vitro gas production method was used to evaluate their feeding value.The alfalfa silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility were analyzed.The results showed that the relative feed value(RFV),in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD),the in vitro volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents and gas productions of the first cutting alfalfa silage was significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the second cutting.Compared to the AM-cut alfalfa silage,PM-cut alfalfa silage had higher(P<0.05)dry matter(DM)content and IVDMD.These results suggested that the first cutting alfalfa and the decision to delay the harvest time to the M or PM benefited for good silage fermentation and feeding value.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different diurnal harvest times and clipping stubbles on alfalfa silage quality,furthermore,to evaluate its feeding value.Two-factors were designed in this study.Budding stage alfalfa was harvested twice at 08:00(AM),13:00(M)or 18:00(PM)on a sunny day.Silages were prepared using a laboratory scale system without wilting,and stored at ambient temperature for 45 days.Then the samples were collected and in vitro gas production method was used to evaluate their feeding value.The alfalfa silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility were analyzed.The results showed that the relative feed value(RFV),in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD),the in vitro volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents and gas productions of the first cutting alfalfa silage was significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the second cutting.Compared to the AM-cut alfalfa silage,PM-cut alfalfa silage had higher(P<0.05)dry matter(DM)content and IVDMD.These results suggested that the first cutting alfalfa and the decision to delay the harvest time to the M or PM benefited for good silage fermentation and feeding value.
引文
[1]李向林,万里强.苜蓿青贮技术研究进展[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):9-15
[2]田雨佳.不同刈割茬次和物候期的苜蓿对奶牛营养价值的比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:60
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[10]李广胤.降雨量和氮沉降对不同密度羊草生物量及碳水化合物分配的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2018:10-11
[11]都帅,尤思涵,刘燕,等.不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):874-878
[12]Broderick G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75
[13]郭刚,霍文婕,张拴林,等.添加肠球菌对收获籽实后玉米秸秆青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,2016,36(7):461-466
[14]李满双,薛树媛,郭天龙,等.贮藏时间对沙柳混合发酵饲料营养成分及体外消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(2):655-662
[15]Agarwal N,Kamra D N,Chaudhary L C,et al.Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2002,34(5):329-336
[16]Mc Donald P,Henderson A R,Heron S J.The biochemistry of silage[M].Aberystwyth:Cambrian Printers Ltd.,1991(2):27
[17]Alghumaiz N S,Leep R H,Dietz T S,et al.Influence of cutting time on alfalfa(Medicago sativa)sugar content and silage fermentation[J].Forage and Grazinglands,2006,4(1):0-0
[18]Morin C,Belanger G,Tremblay G F,et al.Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in alfalfa[J].Crop Science,2011,51(3):1297-1306
[19]宋书红,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.刈割茬次对紫花苜蓿、红豆草产量和营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):143-146+151
[20]杜书增,杨云贵,辛亚平,等.紫花苜蓿品种及刈割茬次对产量及营养价值的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(7):44-48
[21]赵海明,武瑞鑫,李源,等.紫花苜蓿不同茬次及年际间生产性能的动态规律[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1349-1357
[22]赵燕梅,张吉明,许庆方,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种、添加剂、刈割时期对其青贮质量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(5):1057-1063
[23]蒋利芳,史静,陈伟,等.6个商品添加剂对两个刈割茬次紫花苜蓿裹包青贮品质的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):42-47+56
[24]李光耀,张力君,孙启忠,等.苜蓿不同生育期营养特性的对比分析研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(5):45-46+50
[25]郭刚.意大利黑麦草和象草不同刈割时间对青贮发酵品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013:40-60
[26]Blümmel M,Makkar H P,Becker K,et al.In vitro gas production:a technique revisited[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1997,77(1-5):24-34
[27]Hristov A N,Ropp J K,Hunt C,et al.Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and bacterial utilization of ammonia-Nin vitro[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,99(1):25-36
[28]李袁飞,郝建祥,马艳艳,等.体外瘤胃发酵法评定不同类型饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2403-2413
[29]李珊珊,白彦福,王婷,等.饲用高粱营养价值及人工瘤胃降解特性[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1273-1286
[30]Chen F,Dixon R A.Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production.[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007,25(7):759-761
[31]Li X,Li M,Pu Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis:The role of lignin chemistry and molecular weight[J].Renewable Energy,2018,123:664-674
[2]田雨佳.不同刈割茬次和物候期的苜蓿对奶牛营养价值的比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:60
[3]贾海军,李运起,李秋凤,等.不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):30-33
[4]Burns J C,Fisher D S,Mayland H F,et al.Diurnal shifts in nutritive value of alfalfa harvested as hay and evaluated by animal intake and digestion[J].Crop Science,2007,47(5):2190-2197
[5]Owens V N,Albrecht K A,Muck R E,et al.Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day[J].Grass and Forage Science,2002,57(4):329-341
[6]Menke K H,Raab L,Salewski A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93:217-222
[7]Aiple K P,Steingass H,Drochner W,et al.Prediction of the net energy content of raw materials and compound feeds for ruminants by different laboratory methods[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,1996,49(3):213-220
[8]Longland A,Theodorou M K,Sanderson R,et al.Non-starch polysaccharide composition and in vitrofermentability of tropical forage legumes varying in phenolic content[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1995,55(3):161-177
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-74
[10]李广胤.降雨量和氮沉降对不同密度羊草生物量及碳水化合物分配的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2018:10-11
[11]都帅,尤思涵,刘燕,等.不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):874-878
[12]Broderick G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75
[13]郭刚,霍文婕,张拴林,等.添加肠球菌对收获籽实后玉米秸秆青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,2016,36(7):461-466
[14]李满双,薛树媛,郭天龙,等.贮藏时间对沙柳混合发酵饲料营养成分及体外消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(2):655-662
[15]Agarwal N,Kamra D N,Chaudhary L C,et al.Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2002,34(5):329-336
[16]Mc Donald P,Henderson A R,Heron S J.The biochemistry of silage[M].Aberystwyth:Cambrian Printers Ltd.,1991(2):27
[17]Alghumaiz N S,Leep R H,Dietz T S,et al.Influence of cutting time on alfalfa(Medicago sativa)sugar content and silage fermentation[J].Forage and Grazinglands,2006,4(1):0-0
[18]Morin C,Belanger G,Tremblay G F,et al.Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in alfalfa[J].Crop Science,2011,51(3):1297-1306
[19]宋书红,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.刈割茬次对紫花苜蓿、红豆草产量和营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):143-146+151
[20]杜书增,杨云贵,辛亚平,等.紫花苜蓿品种及刈割茬次对产量及营养价值的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(7):44-48
[21]赵海明,武瑞鑫,李源,等.紫花苜蓿不同茬次及年际间生产性能的动态规律[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1349-1357
[22]赵燕梅,张吉明,许庆方,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种、添加剂、刈割时期对其青贮质量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(5):1057-1063
[23]蒋利芳,史静,陈伟,等.6个商品添加剂对两个刈割茬次紫花苜蓿裹包青贮品质的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):42-47+56
[24]李光耀,张力君,孙启忠,等.苜蓿不同生育期营养特性的对比分析研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(5):45-46+50
[25]郭刚.意大利黑麦草和象草不同刈割时间对青贮发酵品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013:40-60
[26]Blümmel M,Makkar H P,Becker K,et al.In vitro gas production:a technique revisited[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1997,77(1-5):24-34
[27]Hristov A N,Ropp J K,Hunt C,et al.Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and bacterial utilization of ammonia-Nin vitro[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,99(1):25-36
[28]李袁飞,郝建祥,马艳艳,等.体外瘤胃发酵法评定不同类型饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2403-2413
[29]李珊珊,白彦福,王婷,等.饲用高粱营养价值及人工瘤胃降解特性[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1273-1286
[30]Chen F,Dixon R A.Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production.[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007,25(7):759-761
[31]Li X,Li M,Pu Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis:The role of lignin chemistry and molecular weight[J].Renewable Energy,2018,123:664-674