硝酸盐对肉牛甲烷产量和生长性能的影响
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摘要
为研究硝酸盐对肉牛甲烷排放,瘤胃发酵和生长性能的影响,采用体内和体外试验。体外试验用单因素设计,分为对照组,1%硝酸盐组和2%硝酸盐组,试验重复进行3次;在体内试验中,选用8头草原红牛,采用单因素随机分组设计,分为对照组(体重(229.5±50.1)kg)和硝酸盐组((体重232.3±37.7)kg),每组4头。试验共56d,包括14d预饲期,39d生长期以及3d呼吸测热期。结果表明:在体外试验中,在1%和2%硝酸盐下甲烷量分别下降15.2%和46.2%,在体内试验中1%的硝酸盐可以抑制28.5%的甲烷产量,且饲喂后4h内抑制效果显著(P<0.05),甲烷产量与干物质采食量之比以及甲烷能与总能比表示时分别下降31.8%,且对总挥发性脂肪酸产量有显著抑制效果(P<0.05),但日增重、饲料转化率和营养消化率并未增加。硝酸盐可以持续有效地抑制甲烷,但未对生产性能产生促进作用。
Aiming to study the effect of nitrate on methane yield,rumen fermentation and growth of cattle,in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted.In vitro experiment was designed by single factor including control,1% and 2%nitrate with 3replicons.In vivo experiment was conducted on 8cattle,which was single factor randomized design including no additives and 1% nitrate.The experiment was continued for 56 days,which was 14 dof dietary adaption period,39 dof ad-libitum feeding growth and 3d of 80%limited feed in chambers.The results showed that the methane productions were respectively decreased by 15.2% and 46.2% under the administrations of 1% and 2% nitrate in in vitro experiment.The methane production was declined by 28.5% in 1% nitrate at 4hafter feeding in in vivo.The reduction of methane/DMI and methane energy/gross energy was respectively 31.8%.Although there were no differences in daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not different between treatments and control,nitrate significantly inhibited VFA production.In conclusion,nitrate effectively restrained methane,while had no positive impact on production performance.
Aiming to study the effect of nitrate on methane yield,rumen fermentation and growth of cattle,in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted.In vitro experiment was designed by single factor including control,1% and 2%nitrate with 3replicons.In vivo experiment was conducted on 8cattle,which was single factor randomized design including no additives and 1% nitrate.The experiment was continued for 56 days,which was 14 dof dietary adaption period,39 dof ad-libitum feeding growth and 3d of 80%limited feed in chambers.The results showed that the methane productions were respectively decreased by 15.2% and 46.2% under the administrations of 1% and 2% nitrate in in vitro experiment.The methane production was declined by 28.5% in 1% nitrate at 4hafter feeding in in vivo.The reduction of methane/DMI and methane energy/gross energy was respectively 31.8%.Although there were no differences in daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not different between treatments and control,nitrate significantly inhibited VFA production.In conclusion,nitrate effectively restrained methane,while had no positive impact on production performance.
引文
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[12]Zijderveld S M V,Gerrits W J J,Dijkstra J,Newbold J R,Hulshof R,Perdok H B.Persistency of methane mitigation by dietary nitrate supplementation in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(8):4028-4038
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[14]Menke K H,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Resource Dev,1988,28(7):55
[15]DeCocaSinova A,Mateos G G,GonzalezAlvarado J M,Centeno C,Lazaro R,JimenezMoreno E.Comparative study of two analytical procedures for the determination of acid insoluble ash for evaluation of nutrient retention in broilers[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2011,9(3),274-284
[16]Allison M J,Reddy C A.Adaptations of gastrointestinal bacteria in response to changes in dietary oxalate and nitrate[J].Vet Hum Toxicol,1990,32,248-256
[17]Johnson K A,Johnson D E.Methane emissions fromcattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73,2483-2492.
[18]Shibata M,Terada F.Factors affecting methane production and mitigation in ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,81,2-10
[19]Iwamoto M,Asanuma N,Hino T.Ability ofselenomonas ruminantium,veillonella parvula,and wolinella succinogenes to reduce nitrate and nitrite with special reference to the suppression of ruminal methanogenesis[J].Anaerobe,2002,8:209-215
[20]Sar C,Mwenya B,Santoso B,Takaura K,Morikawa R,Isogai N.Effect of Escherichia coli,w3110on ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2005,118(3):295-306
[21]Pal K,Patra A K,Sahoo A,Soren N M.Effects of nitrate and fumarate in tree leaves-based diets on nutrient utilization,rumen fermentation,microbial protein supply and blood profiles in sheep[J].Livestock Science,2015,172(1):5-15
[22]Dijkstra J,France J,and Davies D R.Different mathematical approaches to estimating microbial protein supply in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81:3370-3384
[23]Joblin K N.Ruminal acetogens and their potential to lower ruminant methane emissions[J].Australian Journal Agricultural and Resource Economics,1999,50:1307-1313
[24]Zhou Z M,Yu Z T,Meng Q X.Effects of nitrate on methane production,fermentation,and microbial populations in in vitro ruminal cultures[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103:173-179
[25]Ungerfeld E M,Kohn R A.The Role of Thermodynamics in the Control of Ruminal Fermentation[M].Wageningen:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2006:55-85
[26]Broudiscou L,Pochet S,Poncet C.Effect of linseed oil supplementation on feed degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen of ciliated-free and refaunated sheep[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1994,49:189-202
[27]Sar C,Mwenya B,Pen B,Takaura K,Morikawa R,Tsujimoto A.Effect of ruminal administration of Escherichia coli wild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2005,94(5):691-697
[2]Torrent J,Johnson D E.Methane production in the large intestine of sheep[J].Publication-European Association for Animal Production,1994,76:391-391
[3]Bodirsky B L,Rolinski S,Biewald A,Weindl I,Popp A,LotzeCampen H.Global food demand scenarios for the 21century[J].Plos One,2015,10(11):27
[4]Wolin M J.Interactions Between the Bacterial Species of the Rumen[M].Armidale:The University of New England,1975:134-148
[5]Chanhee L,Karen A B.A review of feeding supplementary nitrate to ruminant animals:nitrate toxicity,methane emissions,and production performance[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2014,94:557-570
[6]赵丽萍.硝酸盐对肉牛瘤胃发酵、微生物多样性、血液生化及抗氧化性能的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015Zhao L P.Effects of nitrate on rumen fermentation,microbe diversity,blood biochemical and antioxidative ability[D].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture University,2015(in Chinese)
[7]VanZijderveld S M,Gerrits W J J,Apajalahti J A.Nitrate and sulfate:Effective alternative hydrogen sinks for mitigation of ruminal methane production in sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:5856-5866
[8]Nolan J V,Hegarty R S,Hegarty J,Godwin I R,Woodgate R.Effects of dietary nitrate on fermentation,methane production and digesta kinetics in sheep[J].Animal Production Science,2010,50(8):801-806
[9]Piell K M,Kelm N Q,Caroway M P,Aman M,Cole M P.Nitrite treatment rescues cardiac dysfunction in aged mice treated with conjugated linoleic acid[J].Free Radical Biology&Medicine,2014,72:66-75
[10]Kelly J,Vanhatalo A,Bailey S J,Wylie L J,Tucker C,List S.Dietary nitrate supplementation:Effects on plasma nitrite and pulmonary O2uptake dynamics during exercise in hypoxia and normoxia[J].American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative&Comparative Physiology,2014,307(7):920-930
[11]Hulshof R B,Berndt A,Gerrits W J,Dijkstra J,van Zijderveld S M,Newbold J R.Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces methane emission in beef cattle fed sugarcane-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(7):2317-23
[12]Zijderveld S M V,Gerrits W J J,Dijkstra J,Newbold J R,Hulshof R,Perdok H B.Persistency of methane mitigation by dietary nitrate supplementation in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(8):4028-4038
[13]Li L,Davis J,Nolan J,Hegarty R.An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source[J].Animal Production Science,2012,52:653-658
[14]Menke K H,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Resource Dev,1988,28(7):55
[15]DeCocaSinova A,Mateos G G,GonzalezAlvarado J M,Centeno C,Lazaro R,JimenezMoreno E.Comparative study of two analytical procedures for the determination of acid insoluble ash for evaluation of nutrient retention in broilers[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2011,9(3),274-284
[16]Allison M J,Reddy C A.Adaptations of gastrointestinal bacteria in response to changes in dietary oxalate and nitrate[J].Vet Hum Toxicol,1990,32,248-256
[17]Johnson K A,Johnson D E.Methane emissions fromcattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73,2483-2492.
[18]Shibata M,Terada F.Factors affecting methane production and mitigation in ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,81,2-10
[19]Iwamoto M,Asanuma N,Hino T.Ability ofselenomonas ruminantium,veillonella parvula,and wolinella succinogenes to reduce nitrate and nitrite with special reference to the suppression of ruminal methanogenesis[J].Anaerobe,2002,8:209-215
[20]Sar C,Mwenya B,Santoso B,Takaura K,Morikawa R,Isogai N.Effect of Escherichia coli,w3110on ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2005,118(3):295-306
[21]Pal K,Patra A K,Sahoo A,Soren N M.Effects of nitrate and fumarate in tree leaves-based diets on nutrient utilization,rumen fermentation,microbial protein supply and blood profiles in sheep[J].Livestock Science,2015,172(1):5-15
[22]Dijkstra J,France J,and Davies D R.Different mathematical approaches to estimating microbial protein supply in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81:3370-3384
[23]Joblin K N.Ruminal acetogens and their potential to lower ruminant methane emissions[J].Australian Journal Agricultural and Resource Economics,1999,50:1307-1313
[24]Zhou Z M,Yu Z T,Meng Q X.Effects of nitrate on methane production,fermentation,and microbial populations in in vitro ruminal cultures[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103:173-179
[25]Ungerfeld E M,Kohn R A.The Role of Thermodynamics in the Control of Ruminal Fermentation[M].Wageningen:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2006:55-85
[26]Broudiscou L,Pochet S,Poncet C.Effect of linseed oil supplementation on feed degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen of ciliated-free and refaunated sheep[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1994,49:189-202
[27]Sar C,Mwenya B,Pen B,Takaura K,Morikawa R,Tsujimoto A.Effect of ruminal administration of Escherichia coli wild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2005,94(5):691-697