为利润率下降规律辩护:方法论与三层涵义
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摘要
在《资本论》中,利润率下降规律理论体系的展开表现为一个由抽象上升到具体的过程。这一规律是基于劳动价值论和剩余价值规律推导出来的必然结论,是资本主义内在逻辑展开的必然结果,无限发展的实践一定能够对其真伪作出确切判断。利润率的实际动态表现为一种趋势和压力,是一系列作用方向和作用程度不同的下降趋势和反作用趋势"合力"形成的结果。这一规律不仅揭示了利润率下降与资本主义经济危机的联系,而且宣告了资本主义的历史局限性。
In Das Capital, the expansion of the theoretical system of the law of declining profitability manifests is manifested as a process of upgrading from abstract to concrete. This law is an inevitable conclusion derived from the labor value theory and the law of surplus value, as well as an inevitable result of the expansion of inherent logic of capitalism. The practice of unlimited development must be able to make an accurate judgment on its authenticity.The actual dynamic performance of profit margins is a kind of trend and pressure, as well as the result of joint force of a series of downward trend and reaction trend with different reaction directions and degrees. This law not only reveals the link between the drop in profit margins and the crisis of capitalist economy, but also declares the historical limitations of capitalism.
In Das Capital, the expansion of the theoretical system of the law of declining profitability manifests is manifested as a process of upgrading from abstract to concrete. This law is an inevitable conclusion derived from the labor value theory and the law of surplus value, as well as an inevitable result of the expansion of inherent logic of capitalism. The practice of unlimited development must be able to make an accurate judgment on its authenticity.The actual dynamic performance of profit margins is a kind of trend and pressure, as well as the result of joint force of a series of downward trend and reaction trend with different reaction directions and degrees. This law not only reveals the link between the drop in profit margins and the crisis of capitalist economy, but also declares the historical limitations of capitalism.
引文
[1]Heinrich M.Crisis Theory,the Law of the Tendency of the Profit Rate to Fall,and Marx's Studies in the 1870s[J].Monthly Review,2013,64(11):15-31.
[2]Kliman,Andrew et al.The Unmaking of Marx's Capital:Heinrich's Attempt to Eliminate Marx's Crisis Theory[EB/OL].http://ssrn.com/abstract=2294134 or https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2294134.
[3]谢富胜,汪家腾.马克思放弃利润率趋于下降理论了吗——MEGA^2Ⅱ出版后引发的新争论[J].长春:当代经济研究,2014(8):21-28.
[4]Guglielmo Carchedi&Michael Roberts.A Critique of Heinrich’s,‘Crisis Theory,the Law of the Tendency of the Profit Rate to Fall,and Marx’s Studies in the 1870s’[EB/OL].https://monthlyreview.org/commentary/critique-heinrichs-crisistheory-law-tendency-profit-rate-fall-marxs-studies-1870s/
[5]Heinrich M.Heinrich Answers Critics[EB/OL].https://monthlyreview.org/commentary/heinrich-answers-critics/
[6]谢拉C.道.经济学方法论[M].杨培雷译.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.
[7]马克思恩格斯文集:第9卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[8]资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[9]马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[10]资本论:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[11]曹健华.哲学视野中的经济与社会[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2003:132.
[12]陈恕祥.论一般利润率下降规律[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1995:129.
[13]马克思恩格斯全集:第31卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1998:151.
[14]马克思恩格斯全集:第46卷(下)[M].北京:人民出版社,1980:269.
[15]本·法因,劳伦斯·哈里斯.重读《资本论》[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1993:60~64.
[16]孟捷.马克思主义经济学的创造性转化[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001:105.
[17]宁殿霞.破解《21世纪资本论》之谜——皮凯蒂对马克思的误解及其辨正[J].长春:当代经济研究,2015(08):50-56.
[18]张雷声.马克思的资本积累理论及其现实性[J].济南:山东社会科学,2017(01):13-18.
[19]孙立冰.论利润率趋向下降的规律及与资本主义经济危机的内在联系[J].长春:当代经济研究,2009(12):35-38.
[20]丁为民.新自由主义体制下经济增长的矛盾与危机——对当前金融危机的再思考[J].北京:经济学动态,2009(03):48-54.
[21]保罗·巴兰.增长的政治经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[2]Kliman,Andrew et al.The Unmaking of Marx's Capital:Heinrich's Attempt to Eliminate Marx's Crisis Theory[EB/OL].http://ssrn.com/abstract=2294134 or https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2294134.
[3]谢富胜,汪家腾.马克思放弃利润率趋于下降理论了吗——MEGA^2Ⅱ出版后引发的新争论[J].长春:当代经济研究,2014(8):21-28.
[4]Guglielmo Carchedi&Michael Roberts.A Critique of Heinrich’s,‘Crisis Theory,the Law of the Tendency of the Profit Rate to Fall,and Marx’s Studies in the 1870s’[EB/OL].https://monthlyreview.org/commentary/critique-heinrichs-crisistheory-law-tendency-profit-rate-fall-marxs-studies-1870s/
[5]Heinrich M.Heinrich Answers Critics[EB/OL].https://monthlyreview.org/commentary/heinrich-answers-critics/
[6]谢拉C.道.经济学方法论[M].杨培雷译.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.
[7]马克思恩格斯文集:第9卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[8]资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[9]马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[10]资本论:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[11]曹健华.哲学视野中的经济与社会[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2003:132.
[12]陈恕祥.论一般利润率下降规律[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1995:129.
[13]马克思恩格斯全集:第31卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1998:151.
[14]马克思恩格斯全集:第46卷(下)[M].北京:人民出版社,1980:269.
[15]本·法因,劳伦斯·哈里斯.重读《资本论》[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1993:60~64.
[16]孟捷.马克思主义经济学的创造性转化[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001:105.
[17]宁殿霞.破解《21世纪资本论》之谜——皮凯蒂对马克思的误解及其辨正[J].长春:当代经济研究,2015(08):50-56.
[18]张雷声.马克思的资本积累理论及其现实性[J].济南:山东社会科学,2017(01):13-18.
[19]孙立冰.论利润率趋向下降的规律及与资本主义经济危机的内在联系[J].长春:当代经济研究,2009(12):35-38.
[20]丁为民.新自由主义体制下经济增长的矛盾与危机——对当前金融危机的再思考[J].北京:经济学动态,2009(03):48-54.
[21]保罗·巴兰.增长的政治经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.