水环境下铜丝电爆炸特性及其冲击波行为
|
摘要
针对油气田储层改造中金属丝电爆炸这一新的物理增产技术,为了研究电爆炸冲击波与放电参数之间的关系,搭建了电爆炸试验平台,以铜丝为负载开展了不同放电参数下爆炸特性试验。通过对放电过程中电压、电流、电阻及其沉积能量的分析,研究了电容容量和储能大小对金属丝相变时间、沉积能量及冲击波的影响规律。结果表明,在铜丝从固态到液态相变过程中,电容容量和储能大小对其影响不大,沉积能量为其理论热焓值3倍左右;在铜丝汽化过程中,随着电容储能的增加,60μF容量电容放电时的能量沉积速率要低于30μF容量电容放电,但60μF容量电容在储能较低时仍有较好的放电稳定性。在丝放电过程中,冲击波的峰值压力与铜丝汽化过程中的沉积能量有着紧密的关系,随着沉积能量的增加,它们具有相同的变化趋势。
The electrical explosion of wire(EEW) is gradually acted as a physical and environmentally friendly enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology in petroleum industry. In order to establish the relationship between the shock waves(SWs) and EEW, the process of underwater EEW was investigated under the different energy deposition based on the measurements of the current, voltage and shock waves. Through the analyses of current, voltage, resistance, and energy deposition, the effect of capacitance and stored energy of capacitor on discharge time, energy deposition in each stage and SWs were studied. The results show that the capacitance of capacity and stored energy has a negligible effect on the energy deposition in solid and melt stage of wire, except in vaporization process. The energy deposition rate in vaporization process under the discharge by capacitor with 30 μF capacitance is higher than that with 60 μF capacitance. During the wire discharge process, the peak pressure has a close relationship with the energy deposition in vaporization process, and they have the same change tendency.
The electrical explosion of wire(EEW) is gradually acted as a physical and environmentally friendly enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology in petroleum industry. In order to establish the relationship between the shock waves(SWs) and EEW, the process of underwater EEW was investigated under the different energy deposition based on the measurements of the current, voltage and shock waves. Through the analyses of current, voltage, resistance, and energy deposition, the effect of capacitance and stored energy of capacitor on discharge time, energy deposition in each stage and SWs were studied. The results show that the capacitance of capacity and stored energy has a negligible effect on the energy deposition in solid and melt stage of wire, except in vaporization process. The energy deposition rate in vaporization process under the discharge by capacitor with 30 μF capacitance is higher than that with 60 μF capacitance. During the wire discharge process, the peak pressure has a close relationship with the energy deposition in vaporization process, and they have the same change tendency.
引文
[1]韩旻,邹晓兵,张贵新.脉冲功率技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010:1-3.HAN Min,ZOU Xiaobin,ZHANG Guixin.Pulsed power technology[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2010:1-3.
[2]LEBEDEV S V,BEG F N,BLAND S N,et al.Effect of core-corona plasma structure on seeding of instabilities in wire array Z pinches[J].Physical Review Letters,2000,85(1):98.
[3]CALAMY H,HAMANN F,LASSALLE F,et al.Wire array z‐pinches on sphinx machine:experimental results and relevant points of microsecond implosion physics[C]∥Dense Z-Pinches:6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches.[S.l.]:AIP Publishing,2006,808(1):15-20.
[4]KINEMUCHI Y,MURAI K,SANGURAI C,et al.Nanosize powders of aluminum nitride synthesized by pulsed wire discharge[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2003,86(3):420-424.
[5]BAC L H,KWON Y S,KIM J S,et al.Synthesis and characteristic of FeNi 3 intermetallic compound obtained by electrical explosion of wire[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2010,45(3):352-354.
[6]JIN J G,XU B,WANG H,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of stainless steel coatings sprayed by two methods based on spraying[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2007,201(9):5261-5263.
[7]TIWARI N,SAHASRABUDHE S N,TAK A K,et al.Investigations of some aspects of the spray process in a single wire arc plasma spray system using high speed camera[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(2):025110.
[8]张永民,邱爱慈,周海滨,等.面向化石能源开发的电爆炸冲击波技术研究进展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1009-1017.ZHANG Yongmin,QIU Aici,ZHOU Haibin,et al.Research progress in electrical explosion shockwave technology for developing fossil energy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1009-1017.
[9]付荣耀,周健,孙鹞鸿,等.无围压下高电压脉冲放电在岩石压裂中的应用[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4055-4059.FU Rongyao,ZHOU Jian,SUN Yaohong,et al.Application of high voltage pulse discharge in rock fracturing without confining pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4055-4059.
[10]苏权生.等离子脉冲压裂技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(20):97-98.SU Quansheng.Plasma pulse fracturing technology[J].Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(20):97-98.
[11]李恒乐,秦勇,张永民,等.重复脉冲强冲击波对肥煤孔隙结构影响的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):915-921.LI Hengle,QIN Yong,ZHANG Yongmin et al.Experimental study on the effect of strong repetitive pulse shockwave on the pore structure of fat coal[J].Journal of china coal society,2015,40(4):915-921.
[12]GRIGORIEV A N,PAVLENKO A V.Circuit inductance influence on shock wave generation under electrical explosion of foil[C]∥14th Symposium on High Current Electronics.Tomsk,Russia:[s.n.],2006:209-211.
[13]SAYAPIN A,GRINENKO A,EFIMOV S,et al.Comparison of different methods of measurement of pressure of underwater shock waves generated by electrical discharge[J].Shock Waves,2006,15(2):73-80.
[14]LI X,CHAO Y,WU J,et al.Study of the shock waves characteristics generated by underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,118(2):023301.
[15]VEKSLER D,SAYAPIN A,EFIMOV S,et al.Characterization of different wire configurations in underwater electrical explosion[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2009,37(1):88-98.
[16]STELMASHUK V,HOFFER P.Shock waves generated by an electrical discharge on composite electrode immersed in water with different conductivities[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(7):1907-1912.
[17]EFIMOV S,FEDOTOV A,GLEIZER S,et al.Characterization of converging shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire array explosion[J].Physics of Plasmas,2008,15(11):112703.
[18]SHAFER D,TOKER G R,GUROVICH V T,et al.Peculiarity of convergence of shock wave generated by underwater electrical explosion of ring-shaped wire[J].Physics of Plasmas,2013,20(5):052702.
[19]ANTONOV O,EFIMOV S,GUROVICH V T,et al.Diagnostics of a converging strong shock wave generated by underwater explosion of spherical wire array[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115(22):223303.
[20]CHASE M W.NIST-JANAF thermochemical tables fourth edition[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Monographs,1998,9:10026079537.
[21]SARKISOV G S,ROSENTHAL S E,STRUVE K W,et al.Joule energy deposition in exploding wire experiments[C]∥AIP conference proceedings.[S.l.]:IOP institute of physics publishing Ltd,2002:213-216.
[22]SARKISOV G S,STRUVE K W,MCDANIEL D H.Effect of deposited energy on the structure of an exploding tungsten wire core in a vacuum[J].Physics of Plasmas,2005,12(5):052702.
[23]彭楚才,王金相,刘林林.介质环境对铜丝电爆炸制备纳米粉体的影响[J].物理学报,2015,07:261-266.PENG Chucai,WANG Jinxiang,LIU Linlin.Effect of medium on nanopowders prepared by Cu wire electrical explosion[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(7):075203.
[24]周庆,张乔根,张俊,等.介质对铜丝电爆炸沉积能量的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(2):369-374.ZHOU Qing,ZHANG Qiaogen,ZHANG Jun,et al.Effect of medium on deposited energy in electrical wire explosion[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(2):369-374.
[2]LEBEDEV S V,BEG F N,BLAND S N,et al.Effect of core-corona plasma structure on seeding of instabilities in wire array Z pinches[J].Physical Review Letters,2000,85(1):98.
[3]CALAMY H,HAMANN F,LASSALLE F,et al.Wire array z‐pinches on sphinx machine:experimental results and relevant points of microsecond implosion physics[C]∥Dense Z-Pinches:6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches.[S.l.]:AIP Publishing,2006,808(1):15-20.
[4]KINEMUCHI Y,MURAI K,SANGURAI C,et al.Nanosize powders of aluminum nitride synthesized by pulsed wire discharge[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2003,86(3):420-424.
[5]BAC L H,KWON Y S,KIM J S,et al.Synthesis and characteristic of FeNi 3 intermetallic compound obtained by electrical explosion of wire[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2010,45(3):352-354.
[6]JIN J G,XU B,WANG H,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of stainless steel coatings sprayed by two methods based on spraying[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2007,201(9):5261-5263.
[7]TIWARI N,SAHASRABUDHE S N,TAK A K,et al.Investigations of some aspects of the spray process in a single wire arc plasma spray system using high speed camera[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(2):025110.
[8]张永民,邱爱慈,周海滨,等.面向化石能源开发的电爆炸冲击波技术研究进展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1009-1017.ZHANG Yongmin,QIU Aici,ZHOU Haibin,et al.Research progress in electrical explosion shockwave technology for developing fossil energy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1009-1017.
[9]付荣耀,周健,孙鹞鸿,等.无围压下高电压脉冲放电在岩石压裂中的应用[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4055-4059.FU Rongyao,ZHOU Jian,SUN Yaohong,et al.Application of high voltage pulse discharge in rock fracturing without confining pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4055-4059.
[10]苏权生.等离子脉冲压裂技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(20):97-98.SU Quansheng.Plasma pulse fracturing technology[J].Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(20):97-98.
[11]李恒乐,秦勇,张永民,等.重复脉冲强冲击波对肥煤孔隙结构影响的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):915-921.LI Hengle,QIN Yong,ZHANG Yongmin et al.Experimental study on the effect of strong repetitive pulse shockwave on the pore structure of fat coal[J].Journal of china coal society,2015,40(4):915-921.
[12]GRIGORIEV A N,PAVLENKO A V.Circuit inductance influence on shock wave generation under electrical explosion of foil[C]∥14th Symposium on High Current Electronics.Tomsk,Russia:[s.n.],2006:209-211.
[13]SAYAPIN A,GRINENKO A,EFIMOV S,et al.Comparison of different methods of measurement of pressure of underwater shock waves generated by electrical discharge[J].Shock Waves,2006,15(2):73-80.
[14]LI X,CHAO Y,WU J,et al.Study of the shock waves characteristics generated by underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,118(2):023301.
[15]VEKSLER D,SAYAPIN A,EFIMOV S,et al.Characterization of different wire configurations in underwater electrical explosion[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2009,37(1):88-98.
[16]STELMASHUK V,HOFFER P.Shock waves generated by an electrical discharge on composite electrode immersed in water with different conductivities[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(7):1907-1912.
[17]EFIMOV S,FEDOTOV A,GLEIZER S,et al.Characterization of converging shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire array explosion[J].Physics of Plasmas,2008,15(11):112703.
[18]SHAFER D,TOKER G R,GUROVICH V T,et al.Peculiarity of convergence of shock wave generated by underwater electrical explosion of ring-shaped wire[J].Physics of Plasmas,2013,20(5):052702.
[19]ANTONOV O,EFIMOV S,GUROVICH V T,et al.Diagnostics of a converging strong shock wave generated by underwater explosion of spherical wire array[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115(22):223303.
[20]CHASE M W.NIST-JANAF thermochemical tables fourth edition[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Monographs,1998,9:10026079537.
[21]SARKISOV G S,ROSENTHAL S E,STRUVE K W,et al.Joule energy deposition in exploding wire experiments[C]∥AIP conference proceedings.[S.l.]:IOP institute of physics publishing Ltd,2002:213-216.
[22]SARKISOV G S,STRUVE K W,MCDANIEL D H.Effect of deposited energy on the structure of an exploding tungsten wire core in a vacuum[J].Physics of Plasmas,2005,12(5):052702.
[23]彭楚才,王金相,刘林林.介质环境对铜丝电爆炸制备纳米粉体的影响[J].物理学报,2015,07:261-266.PENG Chucai,WANG Jinxiang,LIU Linlin.Effect of medium on nanopowders prepared by Cu wire electrical explosion[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(7):075203.
[24]周庆,张乔根,张俊,等.介质对铜丝电爆炸沉积能量的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(2):369-374.ZHOU Qing,ZHANG Qiaogen,ZHANG Jun,et al.Effect of medium on deposited energy in electrical wire explosion[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(2):369-374.